Introduction to instruments


Frequency ratio measurement



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Frequency ratio measurement:


By using the frequency counter, the ratio of two frequencies can be measured. It is again similar to period measurement. The block diagram is as shown in the Fig.

In this mode, the low frequency signal is used as gating signal, while the pulses are counted for the high frequency signal. Hence it is clear that the low frequency represents the time base.

The number of pulses corresponding to the high frequency signal f2 are counted during the period of the low frequency signal f1, by the decade counters and displayed by the display unit.

Recommended question:


  1. State the advantages of digital voltmeters over other voltmeters.

  2. Explain with neat circuit diagrams the working of the following digital voltmeter.[jan 05,07,09 jul 06,08]

I) Successive approximation type DVM

Ii) Linear ramp type DVM



  1. Staircase ramp type DVM

  2. Voltage to frequency converter type integrating DVM z:) Dual slope integrating type DVM

  1. Compare the linear and staircase ramp techniques.

  2. Why reversible counter is used in V- f converter type DVM?

  3. Explain the following terms as applied to digital displays:

i) Resolution ii) Sensitivity iii) Accuracy specifications

  1. Compare analog lI1ultillleter with digital multimeter (DMV.

  2. Draw and explain the basic block diagram of DMM.[jan 09]

  3. State the various specifications of DMM.[jul 09]

  4. A 3(1/2) digital voltmeter is used for measuring voltage

i) Find its resolution [jan 05]

Ii) How would the voltage of 14.53 V be displayed on 10 V scale?

ii,) How would the reading of 14.53 V be displayed on 100 V scale?



  1. The lowest rt1llge all a 4~ digit DVM is 10 InV full scale. What is its sensitivity?

  2. Explain how frequency is measured using the digital frequency counter.

  3. Explain how digital frequency counter is used to measure,

(i) frequency, (ii) period, (iii) time interval, (iv) ratio of frequencies.





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