recognize traps, and a lion to frighten wolves (

• our system of intl. order since 1648
• Westphalian principle-> dev. of humanitarian PROF. swords some repetition of last part
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did we have any other actors of international system
• All these transnational companies, multinational corporations,
Tuesday, 1. October 2019
• things of the s Greenpeace, Human Rights Watch All the revolvance from s
• What we were obsessed while studying intl. rel. was the bipolarity the relations between the two camps, the relations between the states which was about state.
• how the actors in the international relations or international arena proliferates obviously changes the way we think about issues and how
• So our subject matter and our actors, how they change bring us to anew discussion in this conference.
• for very longtime until we see state system international system,
- our mother International System-> remained on the principles of Westphalian-> created in 1648.
• constructed on the three major principles : of sovereignty, nonintervention and balance of power
• since 1648 yet -> talking about a reinvigoration/ reemergence of the anarchical International System
• roots historically seen in certain places like in Greece, like in India, like in China
• came to a maturity in Iraq, from 1648 onwards-> anarchical international system.
- first anarchical international system, then I will talk about the anarchical international society
5

• the International Relations that we know in our traditional theories looks like a state system -> purely anarchical
• we defined anarchy based on a principle of duality
• a difference from the domestics -> Anarchy meant hat there was no high authority above the states to dictate the multitude
• there is duality btw the state system that individuals and states domestically face
• we have a government telling the subjects what to do
• in domestic system, there's hierarchy
• international system there is anarchy ; meaning there is no higher authority to tell those guys what to do each time
• there is no higher authority
• what we need no World Government where different actors, different subjects of this government come together forming major legislation : executing implementing and punishing those that do not abide with it
- anarchical international system is based on the idea of legal equality of the states.
• some are more equal than others
• there are different states of the different powers
• But that there is no high authority above the states that constantly checks and control, tells the state
• in fact there is duality between the state and the international one
• domestically we have a hierarchy Internationally
• machiavelli undermined this issue very much : there's also a duality of morality between the domestic scene and the international scene
• all behave through certain ethical standards that's why it's bad to cheat ; it’s bad to beat up someone bc you think they're weak
• we are in away acting within certain confines of ethics and morality
• i.e.: it’s bad for politicians to lie - but they all lie,
• In intl. rel. as Machiavelli tells us there is no conception of morality
• To the contrary one needs to be able to manipulate the system to the advantage of their state : to make use of the weaknesses of the system for the betterment of the state
6

• as Machiavelli says statesmen should be like lions but at the same time cunning like a fox
• morality of politics, domestic scene, and international scene are radically different from each other
• -> duality of double standards

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