It’s a good Topic

IoT will boost substantially improve education

Even if we don’t know how to invest in school, we understand its importance. We’ve absorbed the fact that high school should prepare students for college because a college degree has never been a more essential credential to join the middle class. People with different education levels experience the same national economy in dramatically different ways. Unemployment among people with a high school degree was 8 percent in December 2012. Among people with a bachelor’s degree it was 4 percent. Statistically, people with a master’s degree or higher saw no employment collapse during the Great Recession. While it’s true that nearly half of all 2012 college grads in the United States were either unemployed or, far more likely, underemployed in low-wage jobs (and carrying an average of $ 27,000 in school debt), they were still faring better than their peers who did not have a degree. This speaks to a national skills gap that’s growing along the lines of economic class. Low-skilled jobs are partly being replaced by a smaller number of high-skilled jobs. Even as GM parts factories were shuttering in Michigan, kids in Silicon Valley were seeing their start-ups bought out in a matter of months. In many cases it wasn’t because of the products or services those fledgling companies were building but because of the talent contained therein, a phenomenon sometimes called acqui-hiring. Our nation’s response to our education challenge (both locally and nationally) embodies the worst aspects of an obsolete mind-set. A slavish devotion to lecturing has been compounded by a nascent obsession with testing. Whether it’s the Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) reports mandated by No Child Left Behind, SAT scores, or just finals, the effect is the same: at the end of a designated interval— a week, a semester— teachers ask students to take a test. Too often we accept whatever result comes back as an objective and useful indication of the students’ command of the material (administered via lecture). We do this despite the fact that history is full of intelligent people who didn’t perform well on standardized tests and we know people forget information they’ve been successfully tested on. A lot of this testing is purely for the sake of identifying failing schools and teachers. Increasingly little of it has to do with helping students learn. Lectures make testing necessary. Testing makes lectures important. Testing is the big data present. The naked future looks very different. Tucker, Patrick. The Naked Future: What Happens in a World That Anticipates Your Every Move? (p. 132). Penguin Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

He admits that the subject matter in his machine-learning course is not easy. In fact, without a good understanding of linear algebra and at least some familiarity with statistics, the course is impossible. Chris Wilson from the online magazine Slate attempted the course and noted despairingly, “Avert your eyes, Mom, because I have a confession to make: I’m not entirely certain I’m going to pass.” Writing code for learning algorithms doesn’t become intuitive just because we want it to, or because the White House has a renewed interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, or because someone designed a video game to teach it. Computer science will remain a difficult, multistep, and rule-filled domain because such is science. Though we are prone in the Internet era to lionize technology wizards the way we used to venerate rock stars, science and music aren’t interchangeable. Science will never feel natural because it is not natural. For all his genius, Andrew Ng can’t change this. What telemetric education offers is the chance for all students to raise their hands and be heard. That opportunity doesn’t come easily in a crowded classroom and especially not for women or minority students, many of whom feel that if they ask the wrong question or display ignorance, they’ll confirm some unflattering, broadly held perception about their social group. We now understand this to be a real phenomenon, one that plays out in classrooms around the world every day, called stereotype threat. Tucker, Patrick. The Naked Future: What Happens in a World That Anticipates Your Every Move? (p. 134). Penguin Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

Oil Extraction

IoT makes expanded oil extraction possible

Michael Chui is a senior fellow with the McKinsey Global Institute, Markus Löffler is a principal in McKinsey’s Stuttgart office, and Roger Roberts is a principal in the Silicon Valley office, March 2010, The Internet of Things, http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/high-tech/our-insights/the-internet-of-things DOA: 9-25-16

In the oil and gas industry, for instance, the next phase of exploration and development could rely on extensive sensor networks placed in the earth’s crust to produce more accurate readings of the location, structure, and dimensions of potential fields than current data-driven methods allow. The payoff: lower development costs and improved oil flows.

Health Care

Many Ways IoT improves health care

Michael Chui is a senior fellow with the McKinsey Global Institute, Markus Löffler is a principal in McKinsey’s Stuttgart office, and Roger Roberts is a principal in the Silicon Valley office, March 2010, The Internet of Things, http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/high-tech/our-insights/the-internet-of-things DOA: 9-25-16

In health care, sensors and data links offer possibilities for monitoring a patient’s behavior and symptoms in real time and at relatively low cost, allowing physicians to better diagnose disease and prescribe tailored treatment regimens. Patients with chronic illnesses, for example, have been outfitted with sensors in a small number of health care trials currently under way, so that their conditions can be monitored continuously as they go about their daily activities. One such trial has enrolled patients with congestive heart failure. These patients are typically monitored only during periodic physician office visits for weight, blood pressure, and heart rate and rhythm. Sensors placed on the patient can now monitor many of these signs remotely and continuously, giving practitioners early warning of conditions that would otherwise lead to unplanned hospitalizations and expensive emergency care. Better management of congestive heart failure alone could reduce hospitalization and treatment costs by a billion dollars annually in the United States.

IoT will improve health care and city planning

Janna Anderson and Lee Raine, 2014, The Internet of Things Will Thrive by 2025, http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/05/14/internet-of-things/ Pew Research Center DOA: 9-28-16

Tucker went on to forecast the benefits of all this connected computing: “One positive effect of ‘ubiquitous computing,’ as it used to be called, will be much faster, more convenient, and lower-cost medical diagnostics. This will be essential if we are to meet the health care needs of a rapidly aging Baby Boomer generation. The Internet of Things will also improve safety in cities, as cars, networked to one another and their environment, will better avoid collisions, coordinate speed, etc. We will all be able to bring much more situational intelligence to bear on the act of planning our day, avoiding delays (or unfortunate encounters), and meeting our personal goals. We are entering the telemetric age—an age where we create information in everything that we do. As computation continues to grow less costly, we will incorporate more data-collecting devices into our lives.”

Health applications of I o T will expand life spans

Janna Anderson and Lee Raine, 2014, The Internet of Things Will Thrive by 2025, http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/05/14/internet-of-things/ Pew Research Center DOA: 9-28-16

David-Michel Davies, executive director, The Webby Awards and Co-Founder of Internet Week, said, “Our overall health – lifespan, disease rate and quality of life – will greatly improve by 2025 due in large part to the Internet of Things. One of the big opportunities it will provide is the ability to close our own feedback loop – to incorporate real-time biometric feedback into our lives. Even today, in 2014, relatively rudimentary and simple apps like Nike + and 24/7 (an app that uses the Motion x chip in the iPhone to passively tracks steps, sleep pattern etc.) is supporting improved fitness and quality of life for millions of people. When these technologies are not constrained to your smart phone, but part of a powerful biometric monitoring program that keeps track of your vital signs every second of the day and is accessible to you, your personal medical community and sophisticated computational power and software that can not only help you view the information and understand it, but also compare it to vast sets of other data so that it becomes not just an indicator of health or sickness, but even predictive – we will live much, much longer…. What’s interesting to me is what happens when we look like a fifty year old at the age of 85? What happens when we have healthy hearts and bodies when we are 90? The societal implications and opportunities are incredible but also scary. One can imagine becoming a wiser society, with elderly and experienced people remaining active long after they retire today, their perspective and life experience around longer with a greater opportunity to impact the world and shape their families. A traditional three generational family extending into four generations more consistently. That is exciting! But longer lives could also mean new kinds of diseases and sicknesses, ones that our bodies have not dealt with yet because we have, to date, died before their onset. These ailments may be worst – more traumatic, more costly and more damaging to society – than the ones we face today.”

IoT enables real time medical care

Patrick Tusker, 2014, The Naked Future, Kindle edition, page number at end of card, Patrick Tucker is a science journalist and editor. Tucker’s writing on emerging technology has appeared in The Atlantic, Defense One, Quartz, National Journal, Slate, Salon, The Sun, MIT Technology Review, Wilson Quarterly, The Futurist, BBC News Magazine, and Utne Reader, among other publications. Tucker, Patrick. The Naked Future: What Happens in a World That Anticipates Your Every Move? . Penguin Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

For patients and graying baby boomers, the Internet of Things is ushering in a revolution in real-time medical care. It is alive inside the chest of Carol Kasyjanski, a woman who in 2009 became the second human being to receive a Bluetooth-enabled pacemaker that allows her heart to dialogue directly with her doctor. 8 The first was former U.S. vice president Dick Cheney, who received one in 2007, but never activated the device’s broadcasting capability for fear of hackers.

IoT reduces health care errors

Patrick Tusker, 2014, The Naked Future, Kindle edition, page number at end of card, Patrick Tucker is a science journalist and editor. Tucker’s writing on emerging technology has appeared in The Atlantic, Defense One, Quartz, National Journal, Slate, Salon, The Sun, MIT Technology Review, Wilson Quarterly, The Futurist, BBC News Magazine, and Utne Reader, among other publications. Tucker, Patrick. The Naked Future: What Happens in a World That Anticipates Your Every Move? . Penguin Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

In 2012 University of Pennsylvania researcher David Almeida and some colleagues published a paper showing that the most important predictor of a future chronic health condition (aside from smoking, drinking, and engaging in conspicuously unhealthy behavior) was overreacting to routine, psychologically taxing incidents. When they interviewed subjects about how little stressors such as car breakdowns, angry e-mails, small disappointments, the little annoyances of modern life, affected them emotionally, they found that “for every one unit increase in affective reactivity [people reporting a big emotional change resulting from the stressful event], there was a 10% increase in the risk of reporting a chronic health condition 10 years later.” 10 The researchers didn’t find that people who were exposed to more stressful experiences were more likely to develop a chronic health condition. Rather, the increase was isolated to people who reported feeling very different emotionally on a day that they encountered a stressor than on a day when they did not. 11 This is a classic inside-view problem. Very few people keep track of how they react to little stressors. The costs of keeping such a record, in terms of inconvenience, are too high. Yet hidden in those reactions may be powerful clues to our future health. If it were easy and cheap to keep that data around, and if we were able to make sense of it quickly, we would surely keep a log of how stressed we felt at any given moment. When I asked Kahneman via Skype at the Singularity Summit 2012 what he thought of the self-quant trend, he was guardedly optimistic about the potential applications of quantification techniques for physicians. Adopting the outside view will never be intuitive, he said. “But at least in principle there is an opportunity for people to discover regularities in their own lives. There will be an opportunity to look at the outcome of similar cases . . . A physician could have intuitions about a patient, but supplementing that intuition with instantly available statistics will likely result in fewer mistakes” (emphasis added). Tucker, Patrick. The Naked Future: What Happens in a World That Anticipates Your Every Move? (p. 42). Penguin Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

Climate Control

Real time data collection enables appropriate climate modeling necessary to avoid human extinction

Patrick Tusker, 2014, The Naked Future, Kindle edition, page number at end of card, Patrick Tucker is a science journalist and editor. Tucker’s writing on emerging technology has appeared in The Atlantic, Defense One, Quartz, National Journal, Slate, Salon, The Sun, MIT Technology Review, Wilson Quarterly, The Futurist, BBC News Magazine, and Utne Reader, among other publications. Tucker, Patrick. The Naked Future: What Happens in a World That Anticipates Your Every Move? . Penguin Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

Because we live in the age of the vaunted entrepreneur, when even our most nominally right-leaning politicians make frequent habit of praising the free market and all its wondrous efficiencies while denigrating government as bloated and inefficient, we may draw from the story of Freidberg and von Neumann the simple yet wrong conclusion that business was able to adapt to our rapidly changing climate where government failed to arrest it because the business mentality is inherently superior to that of the public servant. We would do well to remember that Climate Corporation does not have to take a direct stance on man-made climate change to sell its product. It’s a company that provides a real and valuable service but it isn’t fixing climate change so much as profiting from a more advanced understanding of it. Higher corn prices and decreased crops can create profit but they do not— in themselves— create value. Ultimately, we will have to fix this problem, and government will have to be part of that solution. 19 If not for the wisdom, creativity, and genius of people who weren’t afraid to be labeled public servants, there would be no international satellite data for NOAA to help Climate Corporation improve its models. There may not even be computers, as we understand them, on which to write code or do calculations. Today, in many respects, we are moving backward on climate change even as we have learned to profit by it. But we are finally just beginning to understand what climate change means to us as individuals, which, perhaps ironically, could be the critical step in addressing the greatest problem we have ever faced. As the big data present becomes the naked future, we may still be able to save our species as Tucker, Patrick. The Naked Future: What Happens in a World That Anticipates Your Every Move? (p. 86). Penguin Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

Manufacturing

Chinese investing in IoT manufacturing

Bill Wasik, May 14, 2013, In the Programmable World, All Our Objects Will Act as One, https://www.wired.com/2013/05/internet-of-things-2/

In the industrial realm, there’s a similar dynamic at work but with even higher stakes. Massive US companies like IBM (through its Smarter Planet initiatives), Qualcomm, and Cisco all see ubiquitous connectivity as a way to sell more products and services—particularly Big Data–style analysis—to their large corporate customers. Chinese manufacturers have much the same idea, and the Chinese government is pumping hundreds of millions of dollars every year into so-called Internet of Things–based manufacturing. (This project kicked off a few years ago when China’s then premier Wen Jiabao put forward the following equation in a speech: “Internet + Internet of Things = Wisdom of the Earth.”) Global analysts look at all these developments and project that by 2025 there will be 1 trillion networked devices worldwide in the consumer and industrial sectors combined.

GE already using IoT in manufacturing

Bill Wasik, May 14, 2013, In the Programmable World, All Our Objects Will Act as One, https://www.wired.com/2013/05/internet-of-things-2/

Take one case in point: General Electric, which has been trying to apply the sensor revolution (what it calls the Industrial Internet) to 50 different projects across scores of businesses, from wind turbines to railroad locomotives to a pilot program with Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York that predicts, based on sensors in beds, when rooms will become available. But perhaps GE’s most remarkable application of this program has been to its own manufacturing process at the Durathon battery factory, completed last year in Schenectady, New York. Its biggest manufacturing challenge is the high tech ceramics that separate the electrodes inside the battery: Tiny variations in the mixing and firing process can lead to huge swings in quality and consistency of these ceramics. So the solution, GE’s team decided, was to engineer their way to consistency through data.

Step by step, they developed and refined their process using feedback from the machines. One crucial step was near the beginning, in mixing the powder that would eventually be pressed to form the ceramics. The team didn’t know the optimal mixing time needed to give that powder a perfectly even consistency that wouldn’t vary from batch to batch. And since the raw materials would themselves vary slightly—in density, for example, or moisture content—the mixing time would need to vary too. So, says Randy Rausch, a manager of manufacturing engineering at the plant, “we put a sensor on everything,” from the outside of the factory to the inside of the room to the inside of the vat to the innards of the machines. Eventually the team realized that the powder was ideally mixed when it reached a certain viscosity. The key sensor, it turned out, was inside the mixing apparatus itself: When it needed to draw more than a certain amount of power, indicating that the powder was at just the right thickness, the process was done.

In many ways, this is the most extreme possible example of a first-stage usage. GE estimates that this single factory generates some 10,000 data points every second, and using that data has allowed GE to eliminate the high defect rates that typically plague high tech ceramics. Yet it has done it through pure data analysis, not through the actual coordination of these low-level sensors and devices. Like the consumer-hardware makers linking up their products to distinguish them from ordinary toasters and refrigerators, GE is connecting its industrial components to solve a near-term business problem. But in the process, the company and its industrial brethren are laying the groundwork for a far deeper transformation.

^{Transportation}

^{IOT will improve transportation efficiency}

Government Technology, August 10, 2016, What is the Internet of Things? http://www.govtech.com/fs/What-is-the-Internet-of-Things.html

Then there’s the world of the connected vehicle. Through the Smart City Challenge, the U.S. Department of Transportation elicited myriad futuristic concepts from government leaders for how connected vehicles might help improve transportation. Transit vehicles could coordinate centrally so that an early train could wait for the passengers on a late bus. Traffic lights could become more efficient at letting traffic through. Programs could seek to shunt traffic from congested roads onto free-flowing side streets. Sensors in parking spots could help reduce the amount of time people spend circling the block in search of an open space.

IoT avoids massive gridlock in cities

The Globe and Mail, August 2013, 8 ways the Internet will change the way we live and work, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-magazine/the-future-is-smart/article24586994/, DOA: 9-25-16

More than half of the world’s people now live in urban centres, and almost two-thirds of us will do so by 2050—which means 2.5 billion more city-dwellers to house, employ and transport. That’s a nightmare scenario for today’s cities, plagued, as so many are, by traffic, smog, crime, overflowing trash bins and inefficient lighting that gobbles between one-quarter and half of municipal electricity budgets. But technologies being tested right now will help the cities of the future better cope with the looming migration. Stoplights with embedded video sensors can adjust their greens and reds according to where the cars are and the time of day. They’re a double-win, reducing both congestion and smog, since vehicles idling at red lights burn up to 17% of the fuel consumed in urban areas. In Barcelona's Born Market, sensors embedded into parking spaces relay real-time information on empty spots to an app for would-be parkers. Siemens recently gave a grant to a start-up devoted to building parking drones that could guide cars to available spots. Sound trifling? It’s not: Up to 30% of congestion is caused by drivers cruising the streets in search of a place to park. Tel Aviv is tackling traffic on busier roadways by reserving one lane for buses, shuttles, taxis and car poolers—and allowing impatient and deep-pocketed commuters to use the designated lane, as well. Sensors in the asphalt pick up the car’s licence plate number and automatically charge the owner’s credit card at a rate that varies depending on how busy the road is. Smart LED streetlights in San Diego turn on only when a pedestrian or vehicle approaches—the city recently replaced 3,000 old streetlamps with sensor-equipped ones to save an estimated $250,000 a year. The Brits, in an effort to deter hooliganism, are testing a lamp that comes on extra-bright when it detects banging and hollering, and is armed with cameras that transmit a live video feed to the cloud.

Smart cars reduce accidents and massively reduce CO2 emissions

The Globe and Mail, August 2013, 8 ways the Internet will change the way we live and work, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-magazine/the-future-is-smart/article24586994/, DOA: 9-25-16

he research firm Gartner has estimated that, by 2020, there will be 250 million connected cars on the world’s roads, with many of them capable of driving themselves. There are eight million traffic accidents each year and 1.3 million crash-related deaths; Cisco’s Smart, Connected Vehicles division has posited that autonomous cars could eliminate as many as 85% of head-on collisions. They could also help ease traffic, since they’ll be able to communicate their positions to each other and therefore drive much closer together than vehicles piloted by humans. Traffic experts call this “platooning”—packing more cars into the same road space—and it could help save drivers at least some of the 90 billion hours they currently spend stuck in jams each year, generating 220 million metric tonnes of carbon-equivalent and wasting at least $1 trillion in fuel costs and lost productivity.

Climate Change/Smart Grid

IoT promotes the development of the smart grid

Texas Instruments, A smarter grid with the Internet of Things, http://e2e.ti.com/blogs_/b/smartgrid/archive/2014/05/08/a-smarter-grid-with-the-internet-of-things

As we take a broad look at the Internet of Things (IoT) this week, I wanted to take a deeper look at how the IoT will deliver a smarter grid (and visa versa) to enable more information and connectivity throughout the infrastructure and to homes. Through the IoT, consumers, manufacturers and utility providers will uncover new ways to manage devices and ultimately conserve resources and save money. Let’s take a look at how smart meters are being implemented worldwide to connect the smart grid to your homes. With the global focus on energy management and conservation, the IoT will extend the connected benefits of the smart grid beyond the distribution, automation and monitoring being done by utility providers. Management systems for in-home and in-building use will help consumers monitor their own usage and adjust behaviors. These systems will eventually regulate automatically by operating during off-peak energy hours and connect to sensors to monitor occupancy, lighting conditions, and more. But it all starts with a smarter and more connected grid. The first key step towards a smart grid that makes the IoT real is the mass deployment of smart meters. Millions of meters are already connected today and the connected grid momentum is growing. However, to obtain its maximum potential, the first step for the smart grid is to transition from mechanical meters to smart electronic meters to establish two-way communication between the meter and utility providers. The adoption rate of smart electrical meters in the U.S. is close to 50 percent with millions of electrical meters deployed today in the field, connected to the grid and regularly communicating data. Essentially, electrical meters are extending their functions from an energy measuring device to a two-way communication system. Modern e-meters must meet certain criteria to play such a critical role in the smart grid and IoT. First, meters need to report energy consumption information from houses and buildings back to the utilities. In the U.S., the appropriate solution is low power RF (LPRF) communication using a Sub-1 GHz mesh network. However, depending of the country and the nature of the grid, a wireless solution might not be the best choice, for example in Spain or France where wired narrowband OFDM power line communication (PLC) technologies are used. There is no one connectivity solution that fits all deployments. Making the IoT real requires a larger portfolio that can go from wired to wireless and sometimes combined together. Second, the meter needs to deliver useful power consumption information into the home through an in-home display or a gateway. This information allows consumers to adapt energy behavior and lower utility bills. In the U.S. the ZigBee standard is being used in combination with Smart Energy application profile. Other countries such as the U.K. or Japan are evaluating Sub-1 GHz RF or PLC solutions for greater reach or a combination implementation with both hybrid RF and PLC. So in essence, electrical meters are becoming smart sensors for the IoT that communicate both ways, inside and outside homes and buildings, connected to each other in a mesh network while reporting essential energy data to utilities. Additionally, a smart meter needs to support advanced functions like dynamic pricing, demand response, remote connect and disconnect, network security, over-the-air downloads and post-installation upgrades so utility providers don’t have to send out technicians to each meter. As you can see, the smart grid plays a critical role in supporting the IoT – but it’s just the beginning. Connecting devices together in building and homes is one of the next steps to reach the full benefits of the smart grid and many innovative solutions and convenient applications are already offered to the consumers. The introduction of dedicated home energy gateways, smart-hub or energy management systems will greatly accelerate connected grid and IoT benefits for consumers. For more information, read this whitepaper to learn how TI is creating a smarter grid with the Internet of Things.

Smart grid promotes energy efficiency and reduces CO2 emissions

The Globe and Mail, August 2013, 8 ways the Internet will change the way we live and work, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-magazine/the-future-is-smart/article24586994/, DOA: 9-25-16

The grid was designed to deliver power on an as-needed basis, to delicately balance supply and demand—a challenge, given that demand varies by time of day, by weather and by season. A heat wave, a blizzard—heck, even an Academy Awards broadcast—can all stress this aged infrastructure. To meet sudden spikes, backup power stations and diesel generators must stand at the ready, gobbling up scarce resources. It is far from efficient. The basic theory behind the so-called Smart Grid is simple: Power is priced on the basis of demand, and this information is transmitted immediately to smart meters, thermostats and appliances so that they can draw the power they need at off-peak times, when it’s cheapest. This system uses market forces to balance the system loads and should, in theory, make power networks less susceptible to black- and brownouts. Pilot programs, most notably in Italy and Texas, have demonstrated that the theory can work in the real world. The U.S. has set 2030 as an informal deadline to implement most of the components of the smart grid; Ontario’s Hydro One is one of many regional utilities worldwide currently working to smarten up its network. It’s shooting for 2025, though it has already re-placed many old meters with smart ones. For now, they’re simply transmitting time-of-day usage directly to the utility. But the meters could, in the future, receive information on pricing and the total demands placed on the system, and govern themselves accordingly. Power lines and pipelines are getting a high-tech upgrade, too. Data collected by sensors in the lines can be analyzed to detect and isolate maintenance problems. And predictive software already on the market can anticipate which trees are most likely to fall and take down lines. Cisco builds pipelines lined with sensitive fibres that can sense leaks and radio for help right away. For aging pipelines, GE has developed software that collates seismic data, topographical details, population density, and hospital and school locations to help make maintenance decisions on an ongoing basis or in emergencies. The growth of renewable energy sources also hinges in large part on the smart grid. By next year, according to the International Energy Association, renewables will replace natural gas as the world’s second-largest source of power (coal is still on top). Here in Canada, wind and solar are by far the fastest-growing power-generating sectors (though they still account for just a few per cent of the total). While they may be easier on the environment, they put major pressure on the grid, since the energy generated by solar and wind farms varies by time of year and day, throwing out of whack its delicate balancing act. Solar panels that can communicate the amount of power they’re generating already exist. It remains to knit fields full of these panels into the grid, and to find a scalable battery to store overflow when we don’t need it. Wind is suffering similar integration issues, though the latest generation of turbines themselves are already benefiting from Internet of Things technology. GE-built turbines on the leading edge of a wind farm can let those behind them know that a gust is coming, prompting them to immediately alter the angle of their blades to protect themselves from damage and lengthen their lives. A relatively new software program also processes the data collected by turbine sensors and proposes the optimal angles to generate more power, increasing wind-farm production by as much as 5%.

Smart meters boost energy efficiency and make it possible to integrate renewable energy into the grid

Ian Brown, University of Oxford, 2013, Britain’s Smart Meter Program: A Case Study in Privacy by Design, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2215646 DOA: 9-26-15

Smart meters are an important element in government and industry plans to improve the efficiency of energy grids, enable better use of highly variable renewable energy sources, and help consumers to reduce their energy consumption and find more competitive suppliers. They can also be used to investigate fraud and remotely disconnect delinquent customers. Compared to traditional meters that provide a relatively infrequent reading of total energy used, smart meters allow much more detailed data to be recorded about the energy consumption of individual homes, and shared automatically at varying intervals with energy suppliers, grid operators, and price comparison websites. The energy industry has suggested that this will allow suppliers to better forecast demand, and shape consumer behaviour through time-of-day tariffs and remote instructions to appliances to reduce consumption. Because of potential cost and energy savings, many governments have legislated to encourage or mandate the large-scale installation of smart meters. The European Union agreed the Energy Efficiency Directive1 in 2006. Article 13 contains specific requirements for member states to encourage the use of smart electricity, gas, heating, cooling and hot water meters:

1. Member States shall ensure that, in so far as it is technically possible, financially reasonable and proportionate in relation to the potential energy savings, final customers for electricity, natural gas, district heating and/or cooling and domestic hot water are provided with competitively priced individual meters that accurately reflect the final customer’s actual energy consumption and that provide information on actual time of use. When an existing meter is replaced, such competitively priced individual meters shall always be provided, unless this is technically impossible or not cost-effective in relation to the estimated potential savings in the long term. When a new connection is made in a new building or a building undergoes major renovations, as set out in Directive 2002/91/EC, such competitively priced individual meters shall always be provided.

Generally Saves Lives

IoT will improved devices to save firefighters’ lives

Lindsay O’Donnell, August 17, 2016, GE CEO: Partners Need to “Embrace the Future” for Internet of Things, http://www.crn.com/news/internet-of-things/video/300081763/ge-ceo-partners-need-to-embrace-the-future-for-internet-of-things.htm DOA: 9-25-16

General Electric CEO Jeff Immelt came on stage at Intel Developer Forum in San Francisco this week to talk about how GE and Intel are approaching the Internet of Things from the industrial vertical. Immelt said GE, which is big in the industrial space and other verticals, is seeing more digital transformation in businesses, particularly in operational technology, as they embrace the Internet of Things. "We believe this digital transformation is important … we're in a line of demarcation for industrial companies where you either embrace the future or you'll find yourself not able to satisfy your customers," he said. [Intel Developer Forum: 10 Internet of Things Applications Bringing In The Money] Immelt discussed how Intel processing power will be important for large-scale Internet of Things applications, such as smart cities. Intel on Wednesday also showed different use cases for the Internet of Things in real life – including connected solutions for firefighters. As part of this solution, Intel partnered with Honeywell to connect a Quark processor to the firefighters' self-contained breathing apparatus, so that while they are in dangerous areas others can track how much oxygen they have left in their tank – and ultimately make critical life decisions based on that information. Firefighters are also equipped with a pulse gesture device and activity detector, so that operators can receive that sensory information through Wind River Helix software and track whether they are signaling for help or are in a crawling position.

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