July 2014 Table of Contents
Output 6: Human Wildlife Conflicts Mitigation Measures Adopted
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- Output 7: Increased Paddy Field Area under Efficient Irrigation Systems
- Output 8: Watershed Management Plans for Kurichu River Basin developed
- Output 9: Afforestation and Reforestation in Barren and Degraded Lands
Output 6: Human Wildlife Conflicts Mitigation Measures AdoptedIn Bhutan, wildlife crop depredation is as high as 55% despite the farmers guarding the crops day and night. RNR-Regional Development Centre (RDC) Wengkhar has developed and successfully tested an improvised electric fencing which has received overwhelming response from the farmers. Farmers have reported 100% crop protection from wild animals with these electric fencing. Considering, the substantial crop loss to wild animals notwithstanding the sleepless nights the farmers spend each season guarding their crops, the project could consider increasing investments in electric fencing hand-in-hand with Geog crop insurance schemes, where the farmers insure crops against crop depredation by wild animals. The Department of Forests & Park Services already has initiated Geog crop insurance schemes and this is another sustainable way of combating wild life crop depredation in the Project dzongkhags.
Output 7: Increased Paddy Field Area under Efficient Irrigation SystemsThe irrigated land in the country is less than 18 % of the total arable land and it is mostly focused on rice cultivation. There are 1307 existing irrigation schemes mostly of conventional open canal where water seepage and evaporation rates are very high resulting in an efficiency of only 30 to 40 %. The seepage of water and poor paddy field tail water management are also identified as one of the main causes of landslides and soil erosions. The water demand, over all is increasing and it is projected that municipal demand will increase from 25.6 million cubic meter in 2010 to 41.7 in 2020, and irrigation demand from 460 in 2010 to 498 million cubic meter in 2020. Options of improved conveyance and efficient means to irrigate crops are not explored in great depth. The availability of water per capita in the country is one of the highest (73,000 million cubic meters) in the world. There are, however, many places where there is too much or too little water. This calls for a good water management strategy to face the challenges posed by local, regional and global changing environment.
Output 8: Watershed Management Plans for Kurichu River Basin developedWater is increasingly becoming a scarce resource and bond of contention as the weather conditions are becoming increasingly unpredictable with erratic rainfall pasterns observed over the recent years and glaciers are retreating at an alarming rate. Even in Bhutan, where the hydropower sector contributes tremendously to its economy, the instances of water related problems both for drinking as well as for irrigation have been increasing steadily with reports coming in from various parts of the country. Therefore, more than ever before, the concept of watershed management planning, its implementation, watershed protection etc have become relevant and necessary.
Output 9: Afforestation and Reforestation in Barren and Degraded LandsThe plantation forestry plays a vital role in sustainable management of forests and contributes significantly towards to rehabilitating degraded and deforested areas. At a time when Bhutan faces inescapable impacts of CC leading to erratic and unpredictable weather conditions, disastrous natural calamities such as floods, landslides, glacial lake outbursts floods, the plantation forestry is viewed as one of the measures to mitigate and combat impacts of CC.
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