Kurebwa mercy thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for doctor of philosophy



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4.3 Characteristics of participants


This paragraph presents characteristics of the participants in the study from which the information was obtained through observations, individual interviews, focus groups and document analysis.

4.3.1 Urban primary school head teachers


As reflected in Table 4.3, of the six participating urban primary school head teachers, three were female while three were male. The increase in the number of females could be attributed to the government’s policy on Women Advancement. Furthermore, most women would want to join their husbands in town as evidenced by the population of women teachers in town (see Table 4.2). All the six head teachers in the study were of mature age ranging from 45 to 57 years of age. All the participating school head teachers attained further studies in their field of profession. Five of them had a Masters Degree in Education while one of them had a first degree. The school head teachers were well experienced in their leadership positions as their experience ranged from 12 to 25 years. Their service as staff members in those particular schools in which they head spanned from 2 to 23 years which was quite long. This indicated that the heads had long experience in education.

Table 4.3 Profiles of urban school head teachers




School 1

School 2

School 3

School 4

School 5

School 6

Sex

Male

Male

Female

Female

Female

Male

Age

57

50

45

52

47

55

Highest Academic Qualifications

‘O’ level

‘O’ level

‘O’ level

‘O’ level

‘O’ level

‘O’ level

Highest Professional Qualifications

BEd (EAPPS)

MEd (EAPPS)

MEd (EAPPS)


MEd

(EAPPS)


MEd

(EAPPS)


MEd

(EAPPS)


Number of years of experience as head

12

13

14

14

24

15

Number of years in the school

71/2

2

10

10

27

11

KEY

‘O’ level - Ordinary level

‘A’ level - Advanced level

BTech - Bachelor of Technology

BEd (EAPPS) - Bachelor of Educational Administration,

Planning and Policy Studies

MEd (EAPPS) - Masters in Educational Administration,

Planning and Policy Studies


4.3.2 Rural primary school head teachers


An analysis of Table 4.4 reveals that of the participating rural school head teachers, 3 were female while 3 were male. All rural school head teachers were mature with age ranging from 44 to 50. Furthermore, all the rural school head teachers who participated in this research attained further studies in their profession. 3 of them had masters’ degrees while 3 had first degrees. The school head teachers had a long experience as heads which ranged from 7 to 19 years. The serving period in those particular schools in which they work ranged from 1 to 10 years. The levels of experience as well as the academic and professional qualifications of both the urban and rural head teachers are similar. Furthermore, both rural and urban teachers were of mature age. (Tables 4.3 and 4.4). These head teachers were therefore likely to be conversant with assessment in the primary schools hence; their responses were likely to be relevant to this research.
Table 4.4 Profiles of rural school head teachers




School

7

School

8

School

9

School 10

School 11

School

12

Sex

Male

Male

Female

Female

Male

Female

Age

48

44

50

49

46

48

Highest Academic Qualifications

‘A’ level

‘O’ level

‘O’ level

‘O’ level

‘A’ level

‘O’ level

Highest Professional Qualifications

MEd

(EAPPS)


BEd (EAPPS)

BEd (EAPPS)


MEd

(EAPPS)


MEd

(EAPPS)


BEd

(EAPPS)


Number of years of experience as head

11

7

19

9

13

7

Number of years in the school

4

1

I0

3

3

4

The primary school head teachers were asked to complete the form (Appendix 9) to facilitate collection of important and relevant demographic data about them.





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