Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies

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7résumé

The thesis consists of three main chapters. The first one deals with the history of the police and their image in the media and popular culture. The earliest forms of policing and relating concepts are analysed first. Then the role of Bow Street Runners and the Fielding brothers is discussed and their influence on future reforms is presented. Several chapters are devoted to the foundation of the Metropolitan Police and to the development of relationship with individual social classes. The remaining chapters deal with detectives, woman police officers the changes in the image of the police in the twentieth century.

The second main part is devoted to the police as pictured by Agatha Christie in several novels and short stories, most of which come from the 1920s and 1930s, the so called Golden Age of detective fiction. The focus of this part is the relationship between the professional and amateur detectives, two Christie’s fictional policemen, Battle and Japp, and the representation of the police as far as their intelligence, competence, manners and morality are concerned.

In the third main part the representation of the police in works by P. D. James is analysed and the new image of the police after the Second World War is examined. Most attention is paid to ethnic minorities in the police, female detectives and the growing resentment about the police. The reasons for criticism and for the calls for return to traditional way of policing are explained.

8resumé

Hlavním účelem této práce je analyzovat vývoj vztahu anglické veřejnosti k policii a způsob zobrazení policie ve vybraných dílech Agathy Christie a P. D. James. V práci je ukázáno, že způsob zobrazení policie je ovlivněn celkovým vztahem veřejnosti k veřejným institucím a autoritám.

Práce se skládá ze tří hlavních kapitol. První z nich se věnuje historii policie a jejímu obrazu v kultuře. Na začátku jsou vysvětleny pojmy týkající se skupin, které se považují za předchůdce policie v moderním smyslu slova. V další části je probírán význam bratrů Fieldingových a sboru Bow Steet Runners a jejich vliv na budoucí reformu policejního systému. Několik kapitol je věnováno založení metropolitní policie a vývoji jejího vztahu s jednotlivými společenskými třídami. Zbývající část se zabývá profesionálními detektivy, ženami – policistkami a změnami obrazu policie ve dvacátém století.

Druhá hlavní část práce pojednává o policii a jejím zobrazení v několika románech a povídkách Agathy Christie, přičemž většina zmiňovaných děl pochází z dvacátých a třicátých let dvacátého století, tzv. Zlatého věku detektivní fikce. Tato část práce se zaměřuje na vztah profesionálního a soukromého detektiva, dva z policistů Agathy Christie, inspektory Battla a Jappa, a zobrazení policie v souvislosti s jejich inteligencí, schopnostmi, způsoby a chováním.

Ve třetí části je analyzován obraz policie v díle P. D. James a nová tvář policie, budovaná po druhé světové válce. Nejvíce prostoru je věnováno situaci etnických menšin, ženám – detektivům a rostoucímu odporu k policii. Na závěr jsou uvedeny důvody stále častější kritiky a požadavků na návrat policie k tradičnějšímu způsobu práce.

1Also spelled tithings.

2Forty pounds for every apprehended highwayman (Porter, ESEC 156).

3Ideas that were later to a certain extent adopted by Robert Peel when he made proposals for the new police.

4According to Taylor, 14 hours a day, seven days a week were not uncommon (92).

5Under the 1831 Act local authorities were allowed to “appoint Special Constables for the purpose of preserving the Peace should they consider existing police numbers inadequate for doing so” (“History of the Specials”). This Act still provides the basis of contemporary legislation.

6The words belong to a PC quoted in Graef.

7Discussed in chapter 3.3.

8“The Girdle of Hyppolita” [1940]

9 “The Disappearance of Mr Davenheim” [1923]

10 “The Disappearance of Mr Davenheim” [1923]

11 [1923]

12“The Disappearance of Mr Davenheim” [1923]

13“The Million Dollar Bond Robbery” [1923]

14“The Affair at the Victory Ball” [1923]

15Chapter 2.6

16“The Arcadian Deer” [1940]

17“The Jewel Robbery at the Grand Metropolitan” [1923]

18“The Kidnapped Prime Minister” [1923]

19[1923]

20“The Affair at the Victory Ball” [1923]

21“The Affair at the Victory Ball” [1923]

22“The Affair at the Victory Ball” [1923]

23“The Disappearance of Mr Davenheim” [1923]

24“The Disappearance of Mr Davenheim” [1923]

25“The Plymouth Express” [1923]

26“The Kidnapped Prime Minister” [1923]

27“The Jewel Robbery at the Grand Metropolitan” [1923]

28“The Stymphalean Birds” [1940]

29For example, Murder on the Orient Express [1934], Ten Little Niggers [1939], Five Little Pigs [1942], Destination Unknown [1954], Endless Night [1967], Nemesis [1971], to name just a few.

30Further information in chapter 2.9

31See chapter 3.2.

32When there are more works by the same author cited in the text, the parenthetical reference contains the abbreviation of the title. The abbreviations are listed in parentheses at the corresponding text here.

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