Minnesota's Black Baseball Players

275 "Gophers Are In Trim," St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 2, 1910, p. 3, box score; listed as Tommy Lefty Pangburn in "Colored Gophers Here Today," Minot [ND] Daily Optic, June 15, 1910, p. 3.

276 "Werdens Lose the First Game to Colored Gophers," Minneapolis Tribune, July 2, 1911, p. 2, Sports, boxscore.

277 "Aberdeen Winner From Gophers," Aberdeen [SD] Daily News, May 18, 1910, p. 7, morning edition.

278 "Today's Game, Comiskey's Organization Will Play the Page Fence Giants," St. Paul Pioneer Press, April 23, 1895; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 31, 32.

279 John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 33.

280 John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 34.

281 John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 35.

282 John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 43.

283 John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 46.

284 John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 42.

285 John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 51.

286 "Gophers Defeat the White Stars," Aberdeen [SD] Weekly American, July 25, 1907, p. 5.

287 "Colored Gophers Are Ready for First Game," Minneapolis Tribune, March 1, 1908, p. 2, Sports; "Locals Have Bad Inning," Stillwater [MN] Daily Gazette, June 8, 1908, p. 4.

288 "Home Run Wins In Thirteenth," Duluth News Tribune, August 14, 1909, p. 7

289 "Gophers Defeat the White Stars," Aberdeen [SD] Weekly American, July 25, 1907, p. 5.

290 "Base Ball," Faribault [MN] Journal, July 22, 1908, p. 1; "Lund Team and Keystones to Clash for City Title Today," Minneapolis Tribune, August 2, 1908, 2, Sports; "News of Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, July 26, 1908, p. 4, Sports.

291 "News from the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1909, p. 3, Sports; "News from the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1909, p. 3, Sports.

292 "Gophers Are In Trim," St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 2, 1910, p. 3, box score.

293 "Gophers Win Easily," Twin City Star, May 20, 1911, p. 1, boxscore; "Tom's Heroes Tune Colored Gents 4 to 1," Eau Claire [WI] Leader, May 4, 1911, p. 3

294 Frank Leland, Frank Leland's Chicago Giants Base Ball Club, (Chicago: n.p., 1910), p. 2, photocopy.

295 Frank Leland, Frank Leland's Chicago Giants Base Ball Club, (Chicago: n.p., 1910), p. 2, photocopy.

296 Frank Leland, Frank Leland's Chicago Giants Base Ball Club, (Chicago: n.p., 1910), p. 2, photocopy.

297 Frank Leland, Frank Leland's Chicago Giants Base Ball Club, (Chicago: n.p., 1910), p. 2, photocopy.

298 Frank Leland, Frank Leland's Chicago Giants Base Ball Club, (Chicago: n.p., 1910), p. 2, photocopy.

299 Frank Leland, Frank Leland's Chicago Giants Base Ball Club, (Chicago: n.p., 1910), p. 3, photocopy.

300 Frank Leland, Frank Leland's Chicago Giants Base Ball Club, (Chicago: n.p., 1910), p. 3, photocopy.

301 Frank Leland, Frank Leland's Chicago Giants Base Ball Club, (Chicago: n.p., 1910), p. 3, photocopy.

302 David Kemp and Roger Wilden, "The Algona Brownies, Champs of the West," Baseball Research Journa116, (January 1, 1988), p. 78, 79.

303 "Gophers Defeat the White Stars," Aberdeen [SD] Weekly American, July 25, 1907, p. 5.

304 "Colored Gophers Are Ready for First Game," Minneapolis Tribune, March 1, 1908, p. 2, Sports; "Locals Have Bad Inning," Stillwater [MN] Daily Gazette, June 8, 1908, p. 4.

305 "Independent Baseball," Minneapolis Tribune, April 18, 1909, p. 4, Sports; "News from the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1909, p. 3, Sports; "Home Run Wins in Thirteenth," Duluth News Tribune, August 14, 1909, p. 7.

306 "Gophers Are In Trim," St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 2, 1910, p. 3, box score.

307 "Gophers Win Great Game," St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 24, 1910, p. 6; "Locals and Gophers Break Even in Two Games, Saturday, Sunday," Watertown [SD] Daily Public Opinion, May 23, 1910, p. 4, boxscore.

308 "St. Paul Colored Gophers," Twin City Star [Minneapolis-St. Paul], July 14, 1910, p. 4.

309 "Good Game Last Night," Minot Daily Reporter, June 22, 1910, p. 6, boxscore; "St. Paul Colored Gophers, World's Colored Champions," Twin City Star [Minneapolis & St. Paul], July 21, 1910, p. 4; "Colored Gophers Take The First," St. Paul Pioneer Press, July 25, 1910, p. 6.

310 "Twin City Gophers Play Werdens at Nicollet Park," Minneapolis Tribune, July 2, 1911, p. 3, Sports.

311 John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 88 [mis-idenified as "Tom Johnson"]; Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 63.

312 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 64; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 92; Lyle K. Wilson, "The Chicago American Giants in the Northwest," on the website of Society of American Baseball Research, www. sabr. org, accessed May 20, 1999.

313 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 66; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 97.

314 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 67; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 103.

315 Lyle K. Wilson, "The Chicago American Giants in the Northwest," on the website of Society of American Baseball Research, www. sabr. org, accessed May 20, 1999; Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 69; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 111, 112, 114, 115.

316 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 71.

317 John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 123.

318 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 74; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 129.

319 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 76; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 141.

320 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 80; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 155.

321 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 82; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 166.

322 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 85; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 178.

323 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 86; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 178.

324 "Gophers Are In Trim," St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 2, 1910, p. 3, box score; "Gophers Lose in Second Game," Aberdeen [SD] Daily News, May 19, 1910, p. 7, evening edition; "Locals and Gophers Break Even in Two Games, Saturday, Sunday," Watertown [SD] Daily Public Opinion, May 23, 1910, p. 4, boxscore.

325 "Gophers Are In Trim," St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 2, 1910, p. 3, box score.

326 "Third Game Goes to the Home Team," Watertown [SD] Daily Public Opinion, May 24, 1910, p. 5, boxscore; "Good Game Last Night," Minot Daily Reporter, June 22, 1910, p. 6, boxscore.

327 " Colored Gophers Take The First," St. Paul Pioneer Press, July 25, 1910, p. 6, boxscore; "Lelands Clout Gopher Hurler, St. Paul Pioneer Press, July 26, 1907, p. 7, boxscore; "From Tuesday's Daily," Mankato Free Press, September 9, 1910, p. 5, boxscore.

328 "Gophers Defeat the White Stars," Aberdeen [SD] Weekly American, July 25, 1907, p. 5.

329 "Lunds Defeated By the Gophers," Minneapolis Tribune, May 24, 1908, p. 2, Sports.

330 "Gophers Tackle Saints Today," St. Paul Pioneer Press, September 21, 1907, p. 4.

331 "Colored Gophers Are Ready for First Game," Minneapolis Tribune, March 1, 1908, p. 2, Sports; "Locals Have Bad Inning," Stillwater [MN] Daily Gazette, June 8, 1908, p. 4.

332 "News from the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1909, p. 3, Sports; "Faribault Flecks Defeat Gophers," Minneapolis Tribune, May 31, 1909, p. 3.

333 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 61.

334 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 65; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 93.

335 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 66.

336 "Independent Baseball," Minneapolis Tribune, June 27, 1909, p. 4, Sports.

337 "Gophers Are In Trim," St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 2, 1910, p. 3, box score.

338 "Twin City Gophers Play Werdens at Nicollet Park," Minneapolis Tribune, July 2, 1911, p. 3, Sports; "Gophers Win Easily," Twin City Star, May 20, 1911, p. 1, boxscore.

339 "Lelands Capture Third of Series," St. Paul Pioneer Press, July 27, 1910, p. 7, box score.

340 "Twin City Gophers Play Werdens at Nicollet Park," Minneapolis Tribune, July 2, 1911, p. 3, Sports; "Werdens Lose to Gophers," Twin City Star, April 29, 1911, p. 1; "Gophers Win Easily," Twin City Star, May 20, 1911, p. 1, boxscore.

341 "Pick-Ups," Minneapolis Tribune, April 16, 1911, p. 3, Sports.

342 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 65; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 74.

343 John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 98.

344 "Werdens Lose to Gophers," Twin City Star, April 29, 1911, p. 1; Stallard in "Tom's Heroes Tune Colored Gents 4 to 1," Eau Claire [WI] Leader, May 4, 1911, p. 3. Stoddard in "Gophers Win Easily," Twin City Star, May 20, 1911, p. 1, boxscore.; Stallard in "Gophers Win Easily," Twin City Star, May 20, 1911, p. 1, boxscore.

345 "Gophers Tackle Saints Today," St. Paul Pioneer Press, September 21, 1907, p. 4.

346 "Colored Gophers Are Ready for First Game," Minneapolis Tribune, March 1, 1908, p. 2, Sports; "Locals Have Bad Inning," Stillwater [MN] Daily Gazette, June 8, 1908, p. 4.

347 "Independent Baseball," Minneapolis Tribune, April 18, 1909, p. 4, Sports; "News from the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1909, p. 3, Sports; "Home Run Wins in Thirteenth," Duluth News Tribune, August 14, 1909, p. 7.

348 "Keystones Off for West Baden," Minneapolis Tribune, April 16, 1911, p. 3, Sports.

349 "Keystones Off for West Baden," Minneapolis Tribune, April 16, 1911, p. 3, Sports.

350 Frank Leland, Frank Leland's Chicago Giants Base Ball Club, (Chicago: n.p., 1910), p. 3, photocopy.

351 Frank Leland, Frank Leland's Chicago Giants Base Ball Club, (Chicago: n.p., 1910), p. 3, photocopy.

352 "Keystones Blank Coughlin's Men," Minneapolis Tribune, April 27, 1908, p. 5 [boxscore]; "Jessup of Keystones Blanks Stillwater," Minneapolis Tribune, May 4, 1908, p. 3.

353 "Independent Baseball," Minneapolis Tribune, April 18, 1909, p. 4, Sports; "News from the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1909, p. 3, Sports; "Home Run Wins in Thirteenth," Duluth News Tribune, August 14, 1909, p. 7.

354 "Gophers Are In Trim," St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 2, 1910, p. 3, box score.

355 "Werdens Lose the First Game to Colored Gophers," Minneapolis Tribune, July 2, 1911, p. 2, Sports, boxscore.

356 "Colored Gophers Here Saturday," Minot Daily Optic, June 15, 1910, p. 3; loafing in "To Virginia From Here," Hibbing [MN] Daily Tribune, August 26, 1910, p. 3.

357 "Twin City Gophers Play Werdens at Nicollet Park," Minneapolis Tribune, July 2, 1911, p. 3, Sports; "Gophers Win Easily," Twin City Star, May 20, 1911, p. 1, boxscore.

358 "Gophers Win Easily," Twin City Star, May 20, 1911, p. 1, boxscore; "Gophers Win Easily," Twin City Star, May 20, 1911, p. 1, boxscore; "Gophers Win Easily," Twin City Star, May 20, 1911, p. 1, boxscore.

359 "Keystones Blank Coughlin's Men," Minneapolis Tribune, April 27, 1908, p. 5 [boxscore].

360 "Home Run Wins in Thirteenth," Duluth News Tribune, August 14, 1909, p. 7.

361 "Giants Scalp Colored Gophers," Golden Valley Chronicle [Beach, ND], June 16, 1911, p. 12, boxscore.

362 "Hennepins Fall Before Heavy Batting of Steels," Minneapolis Tribune, June 3, 1912, p. 11; "Two Fast Players of the Hennepin Clothing Team," Minneapolis Tribune, May 26, 1912, p. 3, Sports.

363 "Keystones Blank Coughlin's Men," Minneapolis Tribune, April 27, 1908, p. 5 [boxscore]; "All-Stars Defeat Keystones, 11 to 0," Minneapolis Tribune, October 5, 1908, p. 3 [boxscore].

364 "Independent Baseball," Minneapolis Tribune, April 18, 1909, p. 4, Sports; "News from the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1909, p. 3, Sports; "Home Run Wins in Thirteenth," Duluth News Tribune, August 14, 1909, p. 7.

365 "Independent Baseball," Minneapolis Tribune, April 18, 1909, p. 4, Sports; "News from the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1909, p. 3, Sports; "Home Run Wins in Thirteenth," Duluth News Tribune, August 14, 1909, p. 7.

366 "Keystones in the Field," Minneapolis Tribune, March 13, 1910, p. 3, Sports.

367 "Independent Baseball," Minneapolis Tribune, April 18, 1909, p. 4, Sports; "News from the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1909, p. 3, Sports; "Home Run Wins in Thirteenth," Duluth News Tribune, August 14, 1909, p. 7.

368 "First Game from Keystones," Alexandria [MN] Post News, July 6, 1911, p. 1, boxscore.

369 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 64.

370 "Lund Lands Win From Keystones," Minneapolis Tribune, April 20, 1908, p. 5; "Keystones 8, Jasper 2," Minneapolis Tribune, June 24, 1908, p. 10.

371 "Jessup of Keystones Blanks Stillwater," Minneapolis Tribune, May 4, 1908, p. 3.

372 "News from the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1909, p. 3, Sports.

373 Frank Leland, Frank Leland's Chicago Giants Base Ball Club, (Chicago: n.p., 1910), p. 3, photocopy.

374 "Lund Team and Keystones to Clash for City Title Today," Minneapolis Tribune, August 2, 1908, 2, Sports. "News of the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, July 26, 1908, p. 4, Sports.

375 "Newgard's Men Never Saw Home," Red Wing [MN] Daily Republican, August 24, 1908, p. 8.

376 "Independent Baseball," Minneapolis Tribune, April 18, 1909, p. 4, Sports; "News from the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, May 2, 1909, p. 3, Sports; "Home Run Wins in Thirteenth," Duluth News Tribune, August 14, 1909, p. 7.

377 "Keystones In the Field," Minneapolis Tribune, March 13, 1910, p. 3, Sports.

378 "Keystones Off for West Baden," Minneapolis Tribune, April 16, 1911, p. 3, Sports.

379 "News of the Independents," Minneapolis Tribune, July 12, 1908, p. 4, Sports.

380 "Star Game: Unpleasant Features," The Argo [West Union, IA], July 15, 1908, p. 1.

381 "Keystones Get One of Three Games," Alexandria [MN] Post News, July 6, 1911, p. 1.

382 John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 89; Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 63.

383 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 64.

384 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 67; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 103.

385 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 68-69.

386 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 69.

387 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 74.

388 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 76; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 141.

389 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 79, 80; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 155.

390 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 82; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 165, 167, 168.

391 Dick Clark and Larry Lester, The Negro Leagues Book (Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research, 1994), p. 84; John Holway, The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues (Fern Park, FL: Hastings House Publishers, 2001), p. 177, 178.

392 Dick Clark and Larry Lester,

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