Nasa trade-off Das
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- Space weaponization is prohibitively expensive
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Link- Space WeaponsSpace weapons are massively expensiveAnzera, 5 [Guiseppe Anzera, Asia Times, “Star Wars: Empires Strike Back,” August 18, 2005, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Front_Page/GH18Aa01.html] The second problem is economic. Orbital weapons - as the Strategic Defense Initiative showed in the 1980s - are extremely expensive. It has been estimated that a space defense system against weak ballistic missile strikes could cost between $220 billion and $1 trillion. A laser-based system to be used against ballistic missiles would cost about $100 million for each target. For instance, the Future Imagery Architecture - a project aimed at the implementation of new spy satellites, which are vital to identify targets for space weapons - has already reached a cost of $25 billion. It is a legitimate question, therefore, whether Washington really needs to finance such projects in today's geostrategic context. Moreover, would these tools be cost-effective in relation to their real operational capability? The first question raises doubts and the second one remains, at the moment, without answer. Henceforth, such initiatives resemble more and more Reagan's programs. Space weaponization is prohibitively expensiveWeiner, 5 [Tim Weiner, New York Times, “Air Force Seeks Bush’s Approval for Space Weapons Programs,” May 18, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/18/business/18space.html?pagewanted=print] International objections aside, Randy Correll, an Air Force veteran and military consultant, told the council, "the big problem now is it's too expensive." The Air Force does not put a price tag on space superiority. Published studies by leading weapons scientists, physicists and engineers say the cost of a space-based system that could defend the nation against an attack by a handful of missiles could be anywhere from $220 billion to $1 trillion. Richard Garwin, widely regarded as a dean of American weapons science, and three colleagues wrote in the March issue of IEEE Spectrum, the professional journal of electric engineering, that "a space-based laser would cost $100 million per target, compared with $600,000 for a Tomahawk missile." NASA does the plan- GeneralNASA will take on any new project- part of the US mentality towards space. Obama, 10 (“REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT ON SPACE EXPLORATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY”, Speech given at the John F. Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, Florida, April 15th, 2010, Access Date_7/22/11).Here at the Kennedy Space Center we are surrounded by monuments and milestones of those contributions. It was from here that NASA launched the missions of Mercury and Gemini and Apollo. It was from here that Space Shuttle Discovery, piloted by Charlie Bolden, carried the Hubble Telescope into orbit, allowing us to plumb the deepest recesses of our galaxy. And I should point out, by the way, that in my private office just off the Oval, I’ve got the picture of Jupiter from the Hubble. So thank you, Charlie, for helping to decorate my office. (Laughter.) It was from here that men and women, propelled by sheer nerve and talent, set about pushing the boundaries of humanity’s reach. That’s the story of NASA. And it’s a story that started a little more than half a century ago, far from the Space Coast, in a remote and desolate region of what is now called Kazakhstan. Because it was from there that the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth, which was little more than a few pieces of metal with a transmitter and a battery strapped to the top of a missile. But the world was stunned. Americans were dumbfounded. The Soviets, it was perceived, had taken the lead in a race for which we were not yet fully prepared. But we caught up very quick. President Eisenhower signed legislation to create NASA and to invest in science and math education, from grade school to graduate school. In 1961, President Kennedy boldly declared before a joint session of Congress that the United States would send a man to the Moon and return him safely to the Earth within the decade. And as a nation, we set about meeting that goal, reaping rewards that have in the decades since touched every facet of our lives. NASA was at the forefront. Many gave their careers to the effort. And some have given far more. In the years that have followed, the space race inspired a generation of scientists and innovators, including, I’m sure, many of you. It’s contributed to immeasurable technological advances that have improved our health and well-being, from satellite navigation to water purification, from aerospace manufacturing to medical imaging. Although, I have to say, during a meeting right before I came out on stage somebody said, you know, it’s more than just Tang -- and I had to point out I actually really like Tang. (Laughter.) I thought that was very cool. NASA’s main objective- to explore and expand in space- will do the plan. Kawamoto, 11 (Jason, “NASA's Three Primary Objectives”, May 13th, 2011, Access Date_7/22/11).The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, was founded in 1958. Since that time, NASA has developed an unparalleled space program. The agency has made strides in science, technology and space exploration. In 2009, President Obama ordered three new objectives for NASA. The objectives, one in particular, seemed to divert from NASA's original mission -- to explore space. NASA will do the plan- key to US international image. Kawamoto, 11 (Jason, “NASA's Three Primary Objectives”, May 13th, 2011, Access Date_7/22/11).When Charles Bolden became the NASA administrator in 2009, President Obama ordered him to pursue three new objectives for the nation's space agency: to "reinspire children" to study science and math, to "expand our [U.S.] international relationships" and to "reach out to the Muslim world." According to Bolden, these orders mean NASA aims to be more than just a space exploration agency -- it aims to be, as Bolden put it, "an earth improvement agency." NASA will do the plan- key to education system . Kawamoto, 11 (Jason, “NASA's Three Primary Objectives”, May 13th, 2011, Access Date_7/22/11).In order to ensure the the next generation of Americans can fulfill NASA's roles and responsibilities, it is important that the nation devote itself to educating children in science and mathematics. This objective will help NASA continue to invest in the nation's education programs. NASA has several education programs that it offers elementary and high school students. NASA will do plan- key to international relations. Kawamoto, 11 (Jason, “NASA's Three Primary Objectives”, May 13th, 2011, Access Date_7/22/11).President Obama wants to expand the nation's relationships with other countries to be able to engage with the best scientists and engineers in the world. NASA has been engaging with many countries for some years now; the most notable output has been the International Space Station. Bolden has often spoke of the need for greater international cooperation in space exploration and acknowledged that "no single nation is going to go to a place like Mars alone" -- to underscore the need for assistance from abroad. NASA will do plan- key to relations with the Muslim world. Kawamoto, 11 (Jason, “NASA's Three Primary Objectives”, May 13th, 2011, Access Date_7/22/11).Bolden has stated that improving relations with the Muslim world is his foremost objective. Bolden strongly believes that having better interaction with the Muslim world will ultimately advance space travel. The NASA administrator explains that space travel is an international collaboration that the Muslim nations must be a part of. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 440.91 Kb. Share with your friends:
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