Joanne Lees Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanne_Lees From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joanne Rachael Lees, (born September 25, 1973[1] in Huddersfield, England), is a British woman who is most notable for being the girlfriend of Peter Falconio at the time of his disappearance on a remote stretch of highway near Barrow Creek in outback Northern Territory, Australia on July 14, 2001. Lees was the chief crown witness in the subsequent murder trial of Bradley John Murdoch conducted in Darwin.
Lees met Falconio in a nightclub in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England in 1996, and began living with him the following year in Brighton, England, where Falconio was studying at university. In the year 2000, the couple embarked on a world tour to Thailand, Singapore, and Australia.
The disappearance of Peter Falconio
Lees told investigators that while travelling at night along the Stuart Highway near Barrow Creek (between Alice Springs and Tennant Creek) in the Northern Territory on 14 July 2001, a man had asked them to stop, claiming engine troubles, and he suddenly took both of them and that she heard a shot fired. The man then tied her up and covered her head, but she escaped, hiding for 5 hours in the bush. The aboriginal trackers could find no evidence of a mans foot prints or a dogs foot prints, only Lees's. The blood found at the scene was described by the aboriginal trackers as very old.
Falconio's body was never found, but Lees went to great lengths to (inaccurately) describe her alleged attacker, his vehicle, and his dog. These descriptions were used to conduct an extensive Australia-wide manhunt in which over 200 people were interviewed. An extensive search by Australian federal police was unable to uncover any resident of the Northern Territory who precisely fit the description given by Joanne Lees, nor any vehicle that was registered in the Northern Territory that fit her description. However, video footage from a roadstation surveillance camera showed what appeared to be a man who might fit the description given by Lees. Due to their similar appearances to that which Lees gave, some of the interviewees were arrested and briefly held in custody, but none were charged because they had not been in Barrow Creek at the time of the alleged offence.
The Prime suspect
Bradley John Murdoch was arrested primarily because he was found to have left Alice Springs at a time and in a direction that may have led to him being at or about Barrow Creek at the time of the alleged offence. Expert testimony presented at the trial indicated that Bradley John Murdoch was the man captured in the CCTV footage at the service station. Furthermore, the identikit drawings of the attacker and his vehicle bore a slight resemblance to Murdoch and his vehicle. Joanne Lees claimed she identified Murdoch, first via a UK website in late 2002 where he was declared a suspect in the case, then from police photographs shown to Lees in November 2002 by NT Police, and fiinally face-to-face during the trial on October 18, 2005. This, combined with the DNA match on Joanne Lees' t-shirt, formed the basis for Murdoch being charged with the offence. The NT Police placed great emphasis on the specific LC (Low Copy Number) DNA testing procedure and this DNA result greatly assisted in the conviction of Murdoch. In December of 2007 the Northern Ireland police have announced the suspension of the use of the same specific DNA technique in the light of criticism by a trial judge who commented that there would be "profound implications for all those convicted utilising the same DNA testing procedure".[citation needed] The Crown Prosecution Service also announced it was reviewing upcoming cases in which the so-called low copy number DNA was part of the prosecution; Murdoch's conviction needs to be reviewed.
Initial public perception in some of the Australian media implied that Lees was in some way responsible for Falconio's murder, and as a result, she received a lot of hostility during her time in Australia following the disappearance[citation needed]. Lees has reportedly attempted to sue a number of Australian citizens in relation to their libellous claims about her in the Australian media[citation needed], but withdrew all applications[citation needed].
The investigation continues
As the investigations went on, Lees admitted to use of ecstasy and marijuana, and to having sex with another man, Nick Riley, in Sydney during their trip through Australia. During the trial, Joanne Lees' credibility was attacked by the defence, which claimed to find inconsistencies in her story. These matters did not relate to the offence under investigation, and were perceived as essentially irrelevant, although voyeuristically interesting to the public.
Strategy of the defence
Murdoch's defence argued during the trial that the minute DNA match on Joanne Lees' T-shirt could be due to accidental blood transfer in an Alice Springs Red Rooster restaurant prior to the alleged offence or simply planted by persons unknown, further samples were found to be to contaminated and were not presented as evidence . Murdoch had given evidence that he had stopped at that restaurant to buy chicken for himself and his dog, "chicken roll, box of nuggets for Jack...full chicken for the trip". During the committal hearing, Lees at one stage mentioned that she and Falconio had stopped at Red Rooster.
Media interviews
Lees has also appeared on British media since the event, talking not only about her boyfriend's disappearance and the man who killed him, but also about the way that she was treated in the Australian press[citation needed], and by Australian citizens[citation needed].
Lees also agreed to an interview with Martin Bashir, which was later televised in Australia, for which she was paid £50,000. She later testified in court she agreed to this interview to raise awareness of the case in Australia, as she felt the public profile of the case had diminished.
A lengthy interview with Lees was aired on Andrew Denton's show, Enough Rope on 9 October 2006.[2]
On October 9, 2006, Lees was interviewed on the Today programme on BBC Radio 4 by John Humphrys. He proceeded to attack Lees for cashing in on the tragedy.[3]
TITANIC PASSENGER
Passenger facilities
The passenger facilities aboard Titanic aimed to meet the highest standards of luxury. The ship could accommodate 739 First Class passengers, 674 in Second Class and 1,026 in Third Class. Her crew numbered about 900 people; in all, she could carry about 3,339 people. Her interior design was a departure from that of other passenger liners, which had typically been decorated in the rather heavy style of a manor house or an English country house. Titanic was laid out in a much lighter style similar to that of contemporary high-class hotels – the Ritz Hotel was a reference point – with First Class cabins finished in the Empire style.[40] A variety of other decorative styles, ranging from the Renaissance to Victorian style, were used to decorate cabins and public rooms in First and Second Class areas of the ship. The aim was to convey an impression that the passengers were in a floating hotel rather than a ship; as one passenger recalled, on entering the ship's interior a passenger would "at once lose the feeling that we are on board ship, and seem instead to be entering the hall of some great house on shore."[41]
Passengers could use an on-board telephone system, a lending library and a large barber shop.[42] The First Class section had a swimming pool, a gymnasium, squash court, Turkish bath, electric bath and a Verandah Cafe.[41] First Class common rooms were adorned with ornate wood panelling, expensive furniture and other decorations while the Third Class general room had pine panelling and sturdy teak furniture.[43] The Café Parisien was located on a sunlit veranda fitted with trellis decorations and offered the best French haute cuisine for the First Class passengers.[44]
Titanic's First Class passenger facilities[45]
Titanic's gymnasium on the Boat Deck, which was equipped with the latest exercise machines.
Titanic's famous Grand Staircase, which provided access between the Boat Deck and E Deck.
The A La Carte restaurant on B Deck, run as a concession by Italian-born chef Gaspare Gatti.
Third Class passengers were not treated as luxuriously as those in First Class, but even so they were better off than their counterparts on many other ships of the time. They were accommodated in cabins sleeping between two and ten people, with a further 164 open berths provided for single young men on G Deck.[46] They were, however, much more limited than First or Second Class passengers in their washing and bathing facilities. There were only two bathrooms, one each for men and women, for the entire Third Class complement. They had to wash their own clothes in washrooms equipped with iron tubs, whereas those travelling in First and Second Class could use the ship's laundry.[47] There were also restrictions on which parts of the ship they could enter; all three classes were segregated from each other, and although in theory passengers from the higher classes could visit the lower-class areas of the ship, in practice respect for social conventions meant that they did not do so.[48] The class distinctions were reflected in the ship's fittings; the Third Class toilets were made of iron, those in Second Class of porcelain and those in First Class were marble.[49]
Leisure facilities were provided for all three classes to pass the time. As well as making use of the indoor amenities such as the library, smoking-rooms and gymnasium, it was also customary for passengers to socialise on the open deck, promenading or relaxing in hired deck chairs or wooden benches. A passenger list was published before the sailing to inform the public which members of the great and good were on board, and it was not uncommon for ambitious mothers to use the list to identify rich bachelors to whom they could introduce their marriageable daughters during the voyage.[48]
One of Titanic's most distinctive features was her First Class staircase, known as the Grand Staircase or Grand Stairway. This descended through seven decks of the ship, from the Boat Deck to E deck in the elegant style depicted in photographs and movies, and then as a more functional and less elegant staircase from there down to F deck.[50] It was capped with a dome of wrought iron and glass that admitted natural light. Each landing off the staircase gave access to ornate entrance halls lit by gold-plated light fixtures.[51] At the uppermost landing was a large carved wooden panel containing a clock, with figures of "Honour and Glory Crowning Time" flanking the clock face.[50] The Grand Staircase was destroyed in Titanic's sinking and is now just a void in the ship which modern explorers have used to access the lower decks.[52] During the filming of James Cameron's Titanic in 1997, his replica of the Grand Staircase was ripped from its foundations by the force of the inrushing water on the set. It has been suggested that during the real event, the entire Grand Staircase was ejected upwards through the dome.[53]
Mail and cargo
Although Titanic was primarily a passenger liner, she also carried a substantial amount of cargo. Her designation as a Royal Mail Ship (RMS) indicated that she carried mail under contract with the Royal Mail (and also for the United States Post Office Department). 26,800 cubic feet (760 m3) of space in her holds was allocated for the storage of letters, parcels and specie (bullion, coins and other valuables). The Sea Post Office on G Deck was manned by five postal clerks, three Americans and two Britons, who worked thirteen hours a day, seven days a week sorting up to 60,000 items daily.[54]
The ship's passengers brought with them a huge amount of baggage; another 19,455 cubic feet (550.9 m3) was taken up by first- and second-class baggage. In addition, there was a considerable quantity of regular cargo, ranging from furniture to foodstuffs and even motor cars.[54] Despite later myths, the cargo on Titanic's maiden voyage was fairly mundane; there was no gold, exotic minerals or diamonds, and one of the more famous items lost in the shipwreck, a jewelled copy of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, was valued at only £405 (£29,717 today) – hardly the stuff of legends.[55] Titanic was equipped with eight electric cranes, four electric winches and three steam winches to lift cargo and baggage in and out of the hold. It is estimated that the ship used some 415 tons of coal whilst in Southampton, simply generating steam to operate the cargo winches and provide heat and light.[56]
Lifeboats
Main article: Lifeboats of the RMS Titanic
A collapsible lifeboat, notice canvas side
Titanic carried a total of 20 lifeboats: 14 standard wooden Harland and Wolff lifeboats with a capacity of 65 people each and four Englehardt "collapsible" lifeboats (identified as A to D) with a capacity of 47 people each. In addition, she had two emergency cutters with a capacity of 40 people each.[57][b] Olympic herself did not even carry the four collapsibles A-D in the 1911–12 season. All of the lifeboats were stowed securely on the boat deck and, except for collapsible lifeboats A and B, connected to davits by ropes. Those on the starboard side were odd-numbered 1–15 from bow to stern, while those on the port side were even-numbered 2–16 from bow to stern. The two cutters were kept swung out, hanging from the davits, ready for immediate use, while collapsible lifeboats C and D were stowed on the boat deck (connected to davits) immediately inboard of boats 1 and 2 respectively. A and B were stored on the roof of the officers' quarters, on either side of number 1 funnel. There were no davits to lower them and their weight would make them challenging to launch.[58] Each boat carried (among other things) food, water, blankets, and a spare lifebelt. Lifeline ropes on the boats' sides enabled them to save additional people from the water if necessary.
Titanic had 16 sets of davits, each able to handle 4 lifeboats. This gave Titanic the ability to carry up to 64 wooden lifeboats[59] which would have been enough for 4,000 people – considerably more than her actual capacity. However, the White Star Line decided that only 16 wooden lifeboats and four collapsibles would be carried, which could accommodate 1,178 people, only one-third of Titanic's total capacity. At the time, the Board of Trade's regulations required British vessels over 10,000 tons to carry 16 lifeboats with a capacity of 990 occupants.[57] Therefore, the White Star Line actually provided more lifeboat accommodation than was legally required.[60][c] At the time, lifeboats were intended to ferry survivors from a sinking ship to a rescuing ship – not keep afloat the whole population or power them to shore. Had the SS Californian responded to the Titanic's distress calls, the lifeboats would have been adequate to ferry the passengers to safety as planned.[62]
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