LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: alkaline-earth-metals; andesites-; Cenozoic-; chemical-composition; Colombia-; fractional-crystallization; Galderas-Complex; genesis-; igneous-rocks; isotope-ratios; isotopes-; metals-; Nazca-Plate; Nd-144-Nd-143; neodymium-; Pacific-Ocean; petrography-; plate-convergence; rare-earths; South-America; South-American-Plate; Sr-87-Sr-86; stable-isotopes; stratovolcanoes-; strontium-; trace-elements; volcanic-rocks; volcanoes-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 05A-Igneous-and-metamorphic-petrology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
MC - MAP COORDINATES: LAT: N010000; N020000; LONG: W0770000; W0780000.
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 111; illus. incl. sect., 3 tables, geol. sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0120-1425
CO - CODEN: CPBGAG
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-003148
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199402
Registro 3986 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Utilisation de l'imagerie SPOT et MOMS-01 pour l'analyse tectonique en contexte de limite de plaques; exemples du rift est-africain, de la collision nord-Caraibe et des Andes de Colombie
Translated Title: Use of SPOT and MOMS-1 imagery for plate tectonic analysis; examples of the East African Rift, and the northern Caribbean-Colombian Andes collision.
AU - AUTHORS: Chorowicz-J; Boisseau-M; Bourgois-J; Guillande-R; Guezlane-M; Mercier-de-Lepinay-B; Rudant-J-P; Vidal-G
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Univ. Paris VI, Paris, France
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: La recherche et les satellites a haute resolution spatiale; SPOT, LANDSAT-TM...; resumes-etendus
Translated Title: Research and high resolution satellites; SPOT, LANDSAT-TM...; summaries.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Ducher-Guy (prefacer); Cadet-Daniel (prefacer)
SO - SOURCE: Bulletin - Societe Francaise de Photogrammetrie et de Teledetection. 114; Pages 76-78. 1989.
PB - PUBLISHER: Societe Francaise de Photogrammetrie et de Teledetection. Saint-Mande, France. 1989.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: France
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1989
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: Recherche et les satellites a haute resolution spatiale; SPOT, LANDSAT-TM... Colloque. Orleans, France. Jan. 17-19, 1989.
LA - LANGUAGE: French
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Africa-; Andes-; Caribbean-Mountain-Range; Caribbean-region; Colombia-; East-African-Rift; faults-; plate-boundaries; plate-collision; plate-convergence; plate-tectonics; remote-sensing; rift-zones; shear-zones; South-America; SPOT-; West-Indies
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 18-Solid-earth-geophysics
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 10
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
IS - ISSN: 0244-6014
CO - CODEN: BSFTDK
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-007601
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199404
Registro 3987 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Mapa metalogenico de las fajas ofioliticas de la zona occidental de Colombia
Translated Title: Metallogenic map of the ophiolitic belts of western Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Alvarez-A-Jairo
SO - SOURCE: Boletin Geologico - Ingeominas. 30; 2, Pages 5-24. 1989.
PB - PUBLISHER: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico-Mineras (INGEOMINAS). Bogota, Colombia. 1989.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Colombia
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1989
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; asbestos-deposits; carbonates-; chromite-ores; Colombia-; copper-ores; economic-geology-maps; iron-ores; magnesite-; magnesium-ores; maps-; metal-ores; nickel-ores; ophiolite-complexes; platinum-ores; South-America; talc-deposits; tectonics-; titanium-ores; western-Colombia; Western-Cordillera
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 26A-Economic-geology,-general,-deposits
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial; Map
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
MC - MAP COORDINATES: LAT: N010000; N080000; LONG: W0750000; W0790000.
MS - MAP SCALE: 1:2,500,000
MP - MAP TYPE: economic-geology-maps
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 66; 1 table.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0120-1425
CO - CODEN: CPBGAG
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-014851
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199407
Registro 3988 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Comparacion entre las secuencias metasedimentarias de la Serrania de Naquen y de la Serra da Jacobina
Translated Title: Comparison of the metasedimentary sequences of Serrania de Naquen and Serra da Jacobina.
AU - AUTHORS: Renzoni-Giancarlo
SO - SOURCE: Boletin Geologico - Ingeominas. 30; 2, Pages 25-42. 1989.
PB - PUBLISHER: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico-Mineras (INGEOMINAS). Bogota, Colombia. 1989.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Colombia
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1989
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
DE - DESCRIPTORS: deltaic-environment; depositional-environment; detrital-deposits; fluvial-environment; fluvial-features; geologic-maps; gold-ores; hydrothermal-alteration; hydrothermal-processes; Jacobina-Group; Maimachi-Formation; maps-; meanders-; metal-ores; metamorphic-rocks; metasedimentary-rocks; metasomatism-; mineral-deposits,-genesis; ore-minerals; Serra-da-Jacobina; Serrania-de-Naquen; supergene-processes
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 27A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-ore-deposits
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial; Map
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
MC - MAP COORDINATES: LAT: S110000; S090000; LONG: W0350000; W0370000.
MS - MAP SCALE: 1:30,000
MP - MAP TYPE: geologic-maps
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 6; strat. cols., block diags., sects.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0120-1425
CO - CODEN: CPBGAG
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-014852
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199407
Registro 3989 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: La secuencia aurifera de la Serrania de Naquen
Translated Title: The gold-bearing sequence of Serrania de Naquen.
AU - AUTHORS: Renzoni-Giancarlo
SO - SOURCE: Boletin Geologico - Ingeominas. 30; 2, Pages 43-89. 1989.
PB - PUBLISHER: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico-Mineras (INGEOMINAS). Bogota, Colombia. 1989.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Colombia
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1989
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
DE - DESCRIPTORS: clastic-rocks; Colombia-; conglomerate-; depositional-environment; evaluation-; gold-ores; Guainia-Colombia; matrix-; metal-ores; mineral-deposits,-genesis; mineral-exploration; nuggets-; ore-grade; reworking-; sands-; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; Serrania-de-Naquen; South-America; stratigraphy-; textures-; Tunui-Group; uranium-ores
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 27A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-ore-deposits
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
MC - MAP COORDINATES: LAT: N010000; N040000; LONG: W0680000; W0730000.
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 32; illus. incl. 2 tables, block diags., strat. cols., sketch map.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0120-1425
CO - CODEN: CPBGAG
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-014853
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199407
Registro 3990 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: La catastrofe del Nevado del Ruiz Una ensenanza para el Ecuador? El caso del Cotopaxi
Translated Title: The Nevado del Ruiz catastrophe; Is it a lesson for Ecuador? The Cotopaxi case.
AU - AUTHORS: D-Ercole-Robert
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Instituto Frances de Estudios Andinos, FRA, France
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: Riesgos naturales en Quito; lahares, aluviones y derrumbes del Pichincha y del Cotopaxi
Translated Title: Geologic hazards in Quito; lahars, debris and rockfalls from the Pichincha and Cotopaxi.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Peltre-Pierre (editor)
SO - SOURCE: Estudios de Geografia (Quito). 2; Pages 5-32. 1989.
PB - PUBLISHER: Corporacion Editora Nacional; Colegio de Geografos del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador. 1989.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Ecuador
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1989
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
DE - DESCRIPTORS: catastrophes-; Colombia-; Cotopaxi-; eruptions-; geologic-hazards; human-ecology; lahars-; mass-movements; Nevado-del-Ruiz; South-America; volcanoes-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 22-Environmental-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 28; illus. incl. 4 tables, geol. sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IB - ISBN: 9978-84-038-9
CO - CODEN: #03747
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-028818
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199414
Registro 3991 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
BK - BOOK TITLE: A petrographic study of the Lower Cretaceous Arcabuco, Cumbre, and Rosablanca formations in the Sabanagrande-El Penon-Hoya de Panama area, Departamento de Santander, Colombia.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Ballesteros-Torres-Cesar-Ivan
PB - PUBLISHER: Pages: 95. 1989.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1989
DG - DEGREE GRANTED: Master's
DI - DEGREE GRANTING INSTITUTION: University of South Carolina. Columbia, SC, United States.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: A petrographic study was undertaken of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Arcabuco, Cumbre, and Rosablanca Formations in the Hoya de Panama area, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Stratigraphic sections were constructed, samples were analyzed, and provenance was assessed. The Arcabuco Formation consists of mudstones, muddy sandstones, and fine-grained sandstones deposited in a continental environment near a river mouth. The Cumbre Formation consists of muddy sandstone, silty sandstone, fine-grained sandstone, and claystone deposited in a transitional continental to marine environment such as an alluvial to tidal plain. The Rosablanca Formation consists of mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and grainstone, with some intercalations of calcareous shale, deposited in a marine environment in subtidal to intertidal zones. The contacts between these units are transitional and are well observed on the Sabanagrande-Puerto Arales road and El Penon area sections. Ten samples of Arcabuco and Cumbre Formation sandstones were selected for provenance analysis. The Arcabuco sandstones are texturally mature and immature sublitharenites and immature quartzarenites. The Cumbre sandstones are mature, immature and, supermature quartzarenites. The main constituents of these formations are monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz, followed by chert fragments, micas and quartz-mica schist, and sandstone and mudstone fragments. The monocrystalline quartz grains were derived from igneous plutonic rocks. Quartz grains with deformation, recovery, and primary recrystallization features characterize quartz in greenschist-grade metamorphic rocks, which indicates that the polycrystalline grains were derived from metamorphic terrains. According to Dickinson diagrams, the grains come from a craton interior with low relief and from a recycled orogen related to a foreland uplift. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that the source areas for constituents of the Arcabuco and Cumbre Formations were the Guayana Shield and the Santander-Floresta paleo-massif.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Arcabuco-Formation; clastic-rocks; coastal-environment; Colombia-; Cretaceous-; Cumbre-Formation; El-Penon-Colombia; framework-silicates; geologic-maps; Hoya-de-Panama-Colombia; intertidal-environment; lithofacies-; Lower-Cretaceous; maps-; marine-environment; Mesozoic-; mudstone-; petrography-; provenance-; quartz-; Rosablanca-Formation; Sabanagrande-Colombia; sandstone-; Santander-Colombia; sedimentary-rocks; silica-minerals; silicates-; South-America; terrestrial-environment
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 06A-Sedimentary-petrology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Thesis-or-Dissertation; Map
BL - BIB LEVEL: Monograph
MP - MAP TYPE: geologic-maps
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 74; 4 tables, 3 plates.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1995-001608
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199501
Registro 3992 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
BK - BOOK TITLE: Sedimentary environments of the Cretaceous in the Apiay area of the Llanos Basin; Colombia, South America.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Castro-Arevalo-Egon
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1989
DG - DEGREE GRANTED: Master's
DI - DEGREE GRANTING INSTITUTION: University of South Carolina. Columbia, SC, United States. Pages: 120. 1989.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Core data, core-log correlations, seismic information, and paleocurrent analyses are used to determine sedimentary environments and show the areal distribution of Upper Cretaceous oil producer sands in the Apiay area of the Llanos Basin (Colombia, South America). During the Late Cretaceous, the Apiay Ariari subbasin was a paleo-gulf and the Apiay area was a basin located in the middle of the gulf. Three Upper Cretaceous units were deposited. The basal unit, the sandy Une Formation, was deposited along braided stream channels that changed to chute-modify point bars in the upper part of the section. This unit is an oil-bearing sand with Production in the Apiay, Guatiquia, Suria, Tanane, Austral, and Libertad Norte fields. As sea level rose, the second unit--the Chipaque Formation--was deposited in a river-dominated delta with two main northeast-trending distributaries; from west to east, these are the Austral-Reforma and the Apiay-Guatiquia. The sands of the Austral-Reforma distributary are oil producers in the Austral, Tanane, Guayuriba, Reforma, Libertad, and Libertad Notre fields. The Apiay-Guatiquia distributary presents channel switching on the Apiay channel as the current was diverted along the Guatiquia channel with the formation of two crevasse splays (Apiay field). During deposition of the third unit, the Guadalupe Formation, the two main distributaries were still active. Synsedimentary tectonics controlled the position of the distributaries. The Apiay, Tanane, and Libertad Faults show structural inversion from normal faults during the late Eocene to compressional faults during the Neogene. The sand bodies present chaotic or mound configurations, low to medium amplitude, and no continuity whereas the interdistributary bays show parallel configurations, high amplitude, and good continuity. No log shape is unique to a particular environment; hence, electrofacies as environmental indicators have to be interpreted in conjunction with core data, sand body geometry, and orientation. Exploration in the Apiay area has been focused on structural traps so far. However, the sand body geometry and depositional environments for the sand bodies in the Chipaque Formation suggest the possibility of stratigraphic traps. This type of trap remains as an attractive exploration target.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Apiay-Colombia; Chipaque-Formation; clastic-rocks; Colombia-; Cretaceous-; faults-; fluvial-environment; lithofacies-; Llanos-; Mesozoic-; paleoenvironment-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; sandstone-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; South-America; structural-controls; transgression-; Une-Formation; Upper-Cretaceous
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Thesis-or-Dissertation
BL - BIB LEVEL: Monograph
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 57
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1995-001609
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199501
Registro 3993 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
BK - BOOK TITLE: Structural style of the central western flank of the Cordillera Oriental, west of Bogota, Colombia.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Cardozo-Puentes-Eduardo-A
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1989
DG - DEGREE GRANTED: Master's
DI - DEGREE GRANTING INSTITUTION: University of South Carolina. Columbia, SC, United States. Pages: 146. 1989.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: The geometry of the thick Cretaceous sequence of the Cordillera Oriental west of Bogota shows facies changes in the basal Cretaceous rocks that are consistent with a formerly extensional Cretaceous basin, possibly fault controlled, with a depocenter near Bogota and a platform towards the west. The Cretaceous basin was affected by Andean compressional deformation in the Tertiary. Steronet analysis of macrostructures has established that folds and their associated cleavage and faults are closely related in orientation, thus suggesting that these structures formed together during the main thrusting. Analysis of the geometric relationships of bedding and the various structures suggests a multistage deformational history. Finite deformation has been studied using folds in pyrite veins related to dissolution cleavage in the surrounding shales. As a result, a local volume loss of about 30% has been determined. The characteristic geometry and location of macrostructures suggests three possible models to explain the structures formed during Post-Cretaceous compression of this part of the Cordillera. These involve ramp-flat thrust structures developed in an original layer cake style stratigraphic section; a basal detachment and ramp controlled by paleostructure; and ramp thrusting as a result of reactivation of old basement normal faults. These models appear to be plausible explanations for the structure because they account for the present geometry of the structures and the thickness changes in the Cretaceous sequence. A shallow level detachment is discussed in the Sabana de Bogota between the competent lower Guadalupe and the shales of the upper Villeta Gp.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andean-Orogeny; Andes-; Bogota-Colombia; cleavage-; Colombia-; compression-tectonics; Cretaceous-; deformation-; Eastern-Cordillera; faults-; geometry-; lithofacies-; Mesozoic-; orientation-; petrography-; pyrite-; South-America; sulfides-; tectonics-; thickness-; thrust-faults
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 16-Structural-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Thesis-or-Dissertation
BL - BIB LEVEL: Monograph
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 69; 1 plate.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1995-001610
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199501
Registro 3994 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
BK - BOOK TITLE: Stratigraphy of the Tertiary sequence Southwest of Bogota, Colombia, northeastern upper Magdalena Valley; western border of the Cordillera Oriental.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Laverde-Montano-Fabio-Enrique
PB - PUBLISHER: Pages: 66. 1989.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1989
DG - DEGREE GRANTED: Master's
DI - DEGREE GRANTING INSTITUTION: University of South Carolina. Columbia, SC, United States.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: The study area comprises the northeastern Upper Magdalena Valley and the western portion of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, south of Bogota. Thick successions of Tertiary sediments are preserved in a series of long synclines, such as the Lozana, Carmen and Fusagasuga-San Bernardo synclines, or in small trough areas such as the Boqueron or Icononzo troughs. Although studies of these sediments in the same area have been published, the stratigraphic terminology of the Tertiary rocks in particular is confusing, with various different or mixed stratigraphic nomenclatures having been used. Therefore, this study concerns facies identification and correlation of the Tertiary sequence. During the latest Cretaceous the first Andean deformation uplifted some portions of the region now occupied by the Cordillera Central and the (Quetame - Garzon massifs. Concomitantly, the sea began to retreat from the East Andean Basin and sediments were deposited of progressively more continental character. One of these units is called the Maastrichtian - lower Paleocene Guaduas Formation in the Sabana de Bogota and surrounding areas. In the Sabana de Bogota area, continuous sedimentation is recorded from the middle Paleocene to ?early Eocene, including the Cacho, Bogot.a and Regadera Formations. There is no record of deposition in the study area and in the southern Upper Magdalena Valley during this interval of time. This is probably related to an important compressional deformation that occurred in the whole area in the ?middle Eocene, resulting in an extensive erosional episode that cut off the pre-existing relief. Late Eocene sedimentation was a response to gentle and uniform uplift of the proto-Cordillera Central and Quetame - Garzon massifs, resulting in deposition of the sediments of the Teruel Formation. The climax of this aggradational episode is registered by deposition of thick porcelanite/chert pebble conglomerates of the Chicoral Formation, overlain by mudstones of the Potrerillo Formation. Marked changes of facies toward the east are recorded in the corresponding deposits of the "Lutitas inferiores", "Areniscas y lutitas inferiores" and "Lutitas superiores" of the newly identified informal "Fusagasuga sequence" of the Gualanday Group, and in possibly of finer sediments of the Usme Formation in the Sabana de Bogota area. This west to east change is observable in the Lozarnia syncline, where the Tertiary sequence is not overprinted by faulting. A second aggradational episode resulted in deposition of the coarse grained Doima Formation and fine grained Barzalosa Formation in the Lower Miocene. This sequence changes to the "Areniscas y lutitas superiores" to the east. A third aggradational episode is represented by the Upper Miocene Honda Formation, composed by volcaniclastic fining- upward sequences of conglomeratic channel litharenites to feldspathic litharenites, overlain by overbank muddy deposits. This is well developed in the Fusagasuga area, a new locality for this unit, where an increase in the amount of volcanics is noted. Based on these results, a lithostratigraphic correlation of the Tertiary sequence between the Upper Magdalena Valley, the study area and the Sabana de Bogota was made. Some important points resulted from this study: 1) three unconformity bounded sequences of facies that represent three non-contemporaneous alluvial-fluvial systems developed in the Cenozoic molasse; 2) a large scale unconformity truncated previously deformed sediments in the Eocene; 3) west to east facies changes are observable in the Gualanday Group from the "typical sequence" to the "Fusagasuga sequence"; 4) the Teruel Formation was identified as the lower unit of the Gualanday Group, consequently the term Guaduala Group is not valid, and; 5) it is proposed that the term Gualanday Group be restricted to only the Teruel, Chicoral and Potrerillo Formations.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andean-Orogeny; Andes-; Bogota-Colombia; Cenozoic-; Colombia-; correlation-; deformation-; Eastern-Cordillera; erosion-; folds-; geologic-maps; igneous-activity; lithofacies-; Magdalena-Valley; maps-; sedimentation-; sequence-stratigraphy; South-America; synclines-; tectonics-; Tertiary-; unconformities-; uplifts-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 12-Stratigraphy
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