CC - CATEGORY CODES: 27-Economic-geology-of-ore-deposits
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: sketch map.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0371-9103
CO - CODEN: 001780
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1968-000275
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1968
Registro 2822 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
BK - BOOK TITLE: Magdalena turbidites in deep-sea sediments.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Munoz-J-Nicolas-G
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1965
DG - DEGREE GRANTED: Master's
DI - DEGREE GRANTING INSTITUTION: Columbia University, Teachers College. New York, NY, United States. Pages: 211. 1965.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: clastic-rocks; Colombia-; composition-; deep-sea-environment; grain-size; Magdalena-Delta; marine-environment; properties-; sedimentary-petrology; sedimentary-rocks; South-America; turbidite-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 06A-Sedimentary-petrology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Thesis-or-Dissertation
BL - BIB LEVEL: Monograph
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 24; illus. incl. 74 anal.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1983-039751
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1983
Registro 2823 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
BK - BOOK TITLE: La carretera marginal de la Selva
Translated Title: The forest marginal highway.
CA - CORPORATE AUTHOR: South America, Conjuncta de Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Peru, Bolivia
PB - PUBLISHER: Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy-Stratton. Lima, Peru. Pages: 341. 1965.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Peru
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1965
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; Bolivia-; Colombia-; ecology-; economics-; Ecuador-; engineering-geology; highways-; human-ecology; Peru-; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 30-Engineering-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Book
BL - BIB LEVEL: Monograph
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 270; illus. incl. tables, geol. sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1989-073800
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1989
Registro 2824 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: A palynological investigation of some upper-Cretaceous sediments in Nigeria.
AU - AUTHORS: Hoeken-Klinkenberg-P-M-J-van
SO - SOURCE: Pollen et Spores. 6; 1, Pages 209-231. 1964.
PB - PUBLISHER: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris, France. 1964.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: France
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: English
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: French
AB - ABSTRACT: Pollen assemblages of upper Cretaceous deposits of the Enugu region, Nigeria, show striking similarities with those of equivalent deposits of Colombia and reflect similar climatic changes. New form genera and species are represented among the material systematically described.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Africa-; Cretaceous-; Enugu-region; Mesozoic-; miospores-; Nigeria-; paleontology-; palynology-; palynomorphs-; pollen-; West-Africa
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 09-Paleobotany
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0375-9636
CO - CODEN: POSPAQ
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1964-002210
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1964
Registro 2825 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: The blastoid Pentremites Say, a trimerous mutant and some new occurrences.
AU - AUTHORS: Macurda-Donald-B Jr.
SO - SOURCE: Journal of Paleontology. 38; 4, Pages 705-710. 1964.
PB - PUBLISHER: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1964.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: "The first known trimerous mutant of the blastoid Pentremites Say is described; it is of particular interest because of the extreme alterations in the structure of the calyx. A description and figures of the first specimens of Pentremites ever found in South America are given; this extends considerably the known geographic range of the genus.".
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Blastoidea-; Carboniferous-; Colombia-; Crinozoa-; Echinodermata-; Invertebrata-; Norte-de-Santander; paleontology-; Paleozoic-; Pentremites-; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 10-Invertebrate-paleontology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0022-3360
CO - CODEN: JPALAZ
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1964-003175
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1964
Registro 2826 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Trapiche emeralds from Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: McKague-H-Lawrence
SO - SOURCE: Gems and Gemology. 11; 7, Pages 210-213. 1964.
PB - PUBLISHER: Gemological Institute of America. Santa Monica, CA, United States. 1964.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Specimens of so-called trapiche emerald consist of a central hexagonal prism of deep green transparent beryl (first generation), trapezohedral-shaped prisms extending outward from each of the six first-order prism faces which are also deep green but less transparent than the central prism (second generation), overgrowths of colorless to pale green beryl (third generation), and zones of fine-grained colorless beryl separating the trapezohedral-shaped prisms from each other and from the central prism, considered to have been derived from the second- and third-generation beryl.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Colombia-; crystallography-; emerald-; gems-; ring-silicates; silicates-; South-America; trapiche-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 01-Mineralogy
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: 223, illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0016-626X
CO - CODEN: GEGEA2
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1964-003357
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1964
Registro 2827 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Additions to the New World Turbinellas.
AU - AUTHORS: Vokes-Emily-H
SO - SOURCE: Tulane Studies in Geology. 3; 1, Pages 95-96. 1964.
PB - PUBLISHER: Tulane University of Louisiana. New Orleans, LA, United States. 1964.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Two species from Colombia which were overlooked in 'The genus Turbinella in the New World' (Tulane Studies in Geology, v. 2, no. 2, 1964), are described here, and a simultaneous publication on the Canal Zone by Woodring (U.S. Prof. Paper 306-C, p. 287, 1964) is called to attention.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Turbinella-; catalogue-additions; Cenozoic-; Gastropoda-; Invertebrata-; Mollusca-; Tertiary-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 10-Invertebrate-paleontology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States
IS - ISSN: 0096-4077
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1964-007583
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1964
Registro 2828 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: The blastoid Pentremites Say; a trimerous mutant and some new occurrences.
AU - AUTHORS: Macurda-Donald-B Jr.
SO - SOURCE: Journal of Paleontology. 38; 4, Pages 705-710. 1964.
PB - PUBLISHER: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1964.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: The first known trimerous mutant of Pentremites, identified as P. godoni, is described from the Golconda Shale, Mississippian, near Cowan, Franklin County, Tenn.; it is of particular interest because of extreme alterations in structure of the calyx. Three specimens of Pentremites sp., the first ever found in South America, are described from Colombia; this extends considerably the known geographic range of the genus. Pentremites crystalensis, n. sp., is described from the lower part of the Bird Spring Formation, probably earliest Pennsylvanian, in Lincoln County, Nev.; it is apparently a persistent element of the P. sulcatus group of middle and late Chester age.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Pentremites-crystalensis; Pentremites-godoni; Pentremites-; Bird-Spring-Formation; Blastoidea-; Carboniferous-; Cowan-area; Crinozoa-; Echinodermata-; Golconda-Shale; Invertebrata-; Lincoln-County-Nevada; Mississippian-; mutants-; Nevada-; paleontology-; Paleozoic-; Pennsylvanian-; Tennessee-; trimerous-mutant; United-States
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 10-Invertebrate-paleontology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States
IS - ISSN: 0022-3360
CO - CODEN: JPALAZ
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1964-012986
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1964
Registro 2829 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Sur le carbonifere de Colombie.
AU - AUTHORS: Radelli-L
SO - SOURCE: 2; Pages 719-722. 1964.
NT - NOTES: Cong. Int. Stratig. et Geol. Carbonifere, 5th, C. R.
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: French
AB - ABSTRACT: Known occurrences of Carboniferous formations in Colombia are restricted to the axial zones of the Hercynian (Paleozoic) range in the Andes. The marine depositional basin migrated northward under control of folding movements which began in the middle Carboniferous in the southern part of the region. Marine sedimentation continued into the Permian in the north.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Carboniferous-; Colombia-; historical-geology; Paleozoic-; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 12-Stratigraphy
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: sketch map.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1965-003898
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1965
Registro 2830 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
BK - BOOK TITLE: Posicion de las faunas en los depositos cretacicos colombianos y su valor en la subdivision cronologica de los mismos.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Etayo-F
SO - SOURCE: Boletin de Geologia (Bucaramanga). 16-17; 1964.
PB - PUBLISHER: Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, Colombia. Pages: 142. 1964.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Colombia
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: English; French
AB - ABSTRACT: This is a comprehensive study of the invertebrate paleontology of the Cretaceous system of Colombia. The paleontology is treated with respect to the geographic location of faunas in various lithologic units and the chronologic value of the faunas. For purposes of reference the country is subdivided into six major regions each with a more or less distinct stratigraphy. These regions are: the upper Magdalena valley, the western part of the Bogota plateau, the eastern part of the Bogota plateau, middle Magdalena valley, Catatumbo region, and Guajira peninsula. All significant faunal collections are located in these regions and the chronological significance ascribed to them by different authors is discussed. A biostratigraphic summary of the Berriasian, Valanginian, Hauterivian, Barremian, Aptian, Albian, Cenomanian, Turonian and Coniacian, and Senonian stages is included. The concept and significance of guide fossils, especially the ammonites, is considered briefly. A list of all Colombian Cretaceous foraminifera, gastropods, pelecypods, cephalopods, and echinoids and their synonymy, as well as an extensive bibliography, constitutes a significant portion of this article.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Colombia-; Cretaceous-; Invertebrata-; Mesozoic-; paleontology-; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 10-Invertebrate-paleontology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Monograph
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. sketch map.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0120-0283
CO - CODEN: UISBAV
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1967-003658
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1967
Registro 2831 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Geologa de la mesa de los Santos.
AU - AUTHORS: Julivert-M; Barrero-D; Navas-G-J
SO - SOURCE: Boletin de Geologia (Bucaramanga). 18; Pages 5-11. 1964.
PB - PUBLISHER: Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, Colombia. 1964.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Colombia
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: English; French
AB - ABSTRACT: The geology of the Los Santos plateau area near the Sogamoso river in the department of Santander, Colombia, was studied. The basement rocks are Paleozoic? granites and mica schists. The Giron formation of Triassic-Jurassic age which overlies the basement consists of about 1900 m of red shales and siltstones with lesser amounts of arkose and conglomerate. Above this is a lower Cretaceous marine sequence of limestone with intercalations of shales and sand. These units from oldest to youngest are: the Tambor formation, Rosablanca formation, Paja formation, and Tablazo formation. Quaternary river gravels and mesa deposits are also present. The area studied is bounded on the east by the Bucaramanga fault and on the west by the Suarez fault. Folds and faults related to basement structure are present in the sediments. Block faulting appears to be the basic structural feature of the area. Gypsum and minor amounts of barite are exploited locally.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: alluvium-; areal-geology; block-; Cenozoic-; clastic-sediments; Colombia-; faults-; General-description; granite-and-schist; granites-; gypsum-and-barite; igneous-rocks; La-Mesa-de-los-Santos-area; Mesozoic-; metamorphic-rocks; mica-; mineral-resources; Paleozoic-; plutonic-rocks; Quaternary-; schists-; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 13-Areal-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial; Map
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
MS - MAP SCALE: 1:50,000
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. colored geol. map .
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0120-0283
CO - CODEN: UISBAV
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1967-003659
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1967
Registro 2832 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Geologa de la mesa de Barichara.
AU - AUTHORS: Tellez-N-I
SO - SOURCE: Boletin de Geologia (Bucaramanga). 18; Pages 12-21. 1964.
PB - PUBLISHER: Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, Colombia. 1964.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Colombia
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: English; French
AB - ABSTRACT: This is a study of the geology of the Barichara plateau in the department of Santander, Colombia. It includes part of the Los Santos plateau area of the preceding article. The stratigraphy and structure of the area are identical with those of the Los Santos area (see E67-03659, this Bibliography). Economic deposits are also similar to those of the Los Santos area.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: alluvium-; areal-geology; Barichara-plateau-area; block-; Cenozoic-; clastic-sediments; Colombia-; faults-; folds-; General-description; granite-and-schist; granites-; gypsum-and-barite; igneous-rocks; Mesozoic-; metamorphic-rocks; mineral-resources; Paleozoic-; plutonic-rocks; Quaternary-; schists-; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 13-Areal-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial; Map
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
MS - MAP SCALE: 1:50,000
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. colored geol. map .
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
IS - ISSN: 0120-0283
CO - CODEN: UISBAV
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1967-003660
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1967
Registro 2833 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: La flora del polen del paleoceno de Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Hammen-Thomas-van-der; Garca-de-Mutis-Cecilia
SO - SOURCE: Colombia, Serv. Geol. Nac., Bol. Geol.. 12; 1-3, Pages 33-45. 1964.
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
AB - ABSTRACT: Systematic descriptions are presented of the pollen species--many of them new--discovered in the Paleocene formations of Colombia. (For reference to an English version, see this Bibliography Vol. 31, No. 8, 14 E67-07488.).
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Cenozoic-; Colombia-; microfossils-; Paleocene-; Paleogene-; paleontology-; palynomorphs-; regional-; South-America; Tertiary-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 09-Paleobotany
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1967-009140
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1967
Registro 2834 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: El 'jura-triasico' de Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Buergl-Hans
SO - SOURCE: Colombia, Serv. Geol. Nac., Bol. Geol.. 12; 1-3, Pages 5-31. 1964.
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: English; German
AB - ABSTRACT: Colombian rocks grouped under the term Giron and defined as Triassic-Jurassic are found to be lithologically but not chronologically similar. They are continental sandstones, conglomerates, and variegated clays. Two chronostratigraphic terms are proposed: the Paleogiron for upper Pennsylvanian rocks, whose type section is the lower and middle Giron in the narrows of the Lebrija river; and the Neogiron for middle and upper Liassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) rocks, whose type section is along the Duitama-Charala highway. The term Giron itself is reserved as a lithostratigraphic designation only, used for those beds which are lithologically similar to the Paleogiron and Neogiron but which are of undetermined age.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Carboniferous-; Carboniferous-and-Triassic-Jurassic; Colombia-; Jurassic-; Mesozoic-; nomenclature-; Paleogiron-Neogiron; Paleozoic-; regional-; South-America; stratigraphy-; Triassic-; upper-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 12-Stratigraphy
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. geol. sketch map.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1967-009141
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1967
Registro 2835 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: Geologa y posibilidades economicas de depositos calcareos al oeste de San Martn (Meta), entre los ros Cumaral y La Cal.
AU - AUTHORS: Ujeta-Lozano-Guillermo
SO - SOURCE: Colombia, Ser. Geol. Nac., Bol. Geol.. 12; 1-3, Pages 47-65. 1964.
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
AB - ABSTRACT: The most significant rocks of the eastern spur of the Cordillera Oriental, west of San Martn, department of Meta, Colombia, are a metasedimentary series of probable Paleozoic age and a Miocene sedimentary series. The predominant units of the former are, in order: clastics with quartz and calcite in various proportions and of schistose texture; sericite-graphite schists; an amphibolite; and limestone and dolomite. This sequence suffered a moderate regional metamorphism, and subsequent cataclastic effects and mineral enrichment from igneous intrusion. It is brought into contact with the Tertiary sediments by an overthrust fault. The limestones and dolomites are high in calcium and magnesium content and are of economic interest; calculated reserves are about 400 million tons.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: carbonate-rocks; carbonates-; Colombia-; dolomite-; economic-geology; geology-; limestone-; Limestone-and-dolomite; mineral-deposits,-genesis; possibilities-; reserves-; San-Martn-area; sedimentary-rocks; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 26-Economic-geology,-general
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. geol. sketch map.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1967-009142
UD - UPDATE CODE: 1967
Registro 2836 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 1: 1785-1974
TI - TITLE: The 'andosols' or 'humic allophane' soils of South America.
AU - AUTHORS: Wright-A-C-S
SO - SOURCE: Food Agr. Organ., World Soil Resour. Rep.. 14; Pages 9-20. 1964.
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1964
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Andosols, or humic allophane soils are derived from volcanic ash and have a significant proportion of allophane (derived by the weathering of volcanic glass) in their clay fraction. These soils occur throughout a wide range of climatic conditions--from the cold sub-alpine regions to the humid equatorial tropics--yet the gross morphology of the soil profiles remains rather uniform. Environmental differences are often reflected by relatively minor variations in profile morphology that are related with certain unique physical and chemical properties of allophanic colloids. In South America, andosols cover relatively large areas in Chile, Ecuador, Colombia and Argentina. They form two major groups--the andosols of the high latitude, maritime and Mediterranean temperate climates, and the andosols of the low latitude or equatorial climate. Large areas of soils derived from volcanic ash also occur in desert and semi-arid regions but under conditions of low soil humidity, the soils do not develop the special features of andosols.
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