Nuclear fission
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Executive SUMMARYThe report provides guidance on modelling and implementation of man-made hazards (mainly external fires and explosions) and accidental aircraft crash hazards in an Extended PSA Level 1. The following issues are addressed: 1) Hazard assessment methodologies, including issues related to hazard combinations. 2) Modelling equipment of safety related SSC, 3) HRA,
4) Emergency response, 5) Multi-unit problems. Recommendations and also limitations, gaps in the methodologies and a list of open issues are included. ASAMPSA_E PartnersThe following table provides the list of the ASAMPSA_E partners involved in the development of this document.
CONTENTExecutive SUMMARY 12 ASAMPSA_E Partners 13 CONTENT 14 GLOSSARY 15 DEFINITIONS 16 1INTRODUCTION 21 1.1Background 21 1.2Starting considerations 22 1.3Structure of the report 24 2DATA FOR HAZARD CHARACTERISATION 25 1.1Data related to hazard sources 25 1.2Data related to plant design 26 3HAZARD ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES 27 3.1Introduction 27 3.1.1External fire and explosion 27 3.1.2Aircraft crash 29 3.2Hazard Categorization 30 3.2.1External fire and explosion 30 3.2.2Aircraft crash 31 3.3Frequency Assessment Methodology 33 3.3.1External fire and explosion 33 3.3.2Aircraft crash 35 3.4Consequence Analysis 37 3.5Uncertainty Assessment 39 3.6From hazard to initiating event 40 3.6.1External Fires and explosions 40 3.6.2Aircraft crash 41 3.7Limitations and gaps in existing methods 44 3.7.1External Fires and explosions 44 3.7.2Aircraft crash 45 4HAZARDS COMBINATIONS 46 4.1External explosions 46 4.1.1Explosion hazard correlations 46 4.1.2Combinations of explosion and other external hazards 47 4.1.3Screening of explosions and hazards combinations with explosions 48 4.2External fires 51 4.2.1Causally connected fire hazards – correlated fire hazards 52 4.2.2Associated fire hazards 53 4.2.3Screening of fire 54 4.2.4Examples of hazard combinations 57 4.2.5Assessment of coincident hazards based on estimates of duration time of hazard 58 4.2.6Worst case hazard combinations 58 4.3Aircraft crash 59 4.3.1Identification of Hazard Combinations 59 5METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF HAZARDS COMBINATIONS 64 5.1General description 64 5.2Data needs 66 5.3Initiating events 66 5.4Reference to known methods 67 5.5Best practices 68 6STRUCTURE OF MAN_MADE HAZARDS AND AIRCRAFT CRASH PSA 70 7SOLUTION FOR THE MODELLING OF MAN_MADE HAZARDS AND AIRCRAFT CRASH FOR L1 PSA 78 1.3Use of L1 Internal Events and Hazards PSA 78 1.4State of the Art Methodology for PSA Model Development 79 7.1.1Consequence analysis of PSA Initiating Events 79 7.1.2Accident Sequences 83 7.1.3Development of Accident Sequence Models 84 1.5Limitations and Gaps in Existing Methods 84 8SOLUTION TO MODEL THE EQUIPMENT SSCS FOR MAN-MADE HAZARDS AND AIRCRAFT CRASH PSA 85 8.1Definition of Failure Modes for SSCs 86 8.2Categorization of Failure Modes as Transient Initiating Events and Failures in Mitigation Systems 88 8.3Event tree construction 89 8.3.1Initiating events 89 8.3.2Additional systems modelling 92 8.4Fault Tree Development 94 8.5Analysis of Input Reliability Data 100 9SOLUTION TO MODEL HRA FOR MAN-MADE HAZARDS AND AIRCRAFT CRASH PSA 101 9.1Background 101 9.2Considerations on applicability of current HRA methods 103 9.2.1Definition and modelling of human interaction events 104 9.2.2Quantification of human failure events 105 9.2.3Recovery analysis 106 9.2.4Revision 106 9.3Specific Analysis Tasks 107 9.3.1Selection of HFEs 108 9.3.2Qualitative Analysis 112 9.3.3Quantification 117 9.4Challenges and Open Issues 125 10SOLUTION TO MODEL ADDITIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE 126 10.1Mobile equipment and help from outside the plant site 126 10.2Special provisions 133 10.3Preventive measures 134 11SOLUTION TO MODEL MULTI-UNIT FOR MAN-MADE HAZARDS AND AIRCRAFT CRASH PSA 135 11.1Accident sequences 135 11.2CCF 135 11.3Multiple initiatiors 136 11.4CrosS connection between different units 137 11.5Considerations 138 11.6Connections with other facilities outside the plant 139 12L1 PSA QUANTIFICATION 139 13CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 142 13.1Feasibility and pragmatic approach 142 13.2Recommendations 142 14LIST OF OPEN ISSUES 143 15LIST OF REFERENCES 143 16LIST OF TABLES 148 17LIST OF FIGURES 148 Appendix 1 – Example of French approach 149 Appendix 2 – Methodologies for estimating frequencies of aircraft crash rates 155 Appendix 3 – Additional issues for emergency response related to aircraft crash hazards 161 Directory: wp-content -> uploads -> 2016 2016 -> 2017 afoCo Landmark Scholarship Program 2016 -> Instructions for the Preparation of Camera-Ready Contributions to the Conference Proceedings 2016 -> Step student Scholarships for Year 10-13 2016 -> The united church of canada 2016 -> Idan raichel biography – May 2016 Brief Producer, keyboardist, Lyricist, composer and Performer Idan Raichel 2016 -> An introduction to centre’s interventions expanding access to justice 2016 -> Sanchar Shakti 2016 -> Unit analysis should help here. We want number of bananas 2016 -> The Autobiography of Elder Joseph Bates 2016 -> The Great Heat and the Rhode Island Deep Water Bay Scallop (Argopecten irradians) Fishery 1875-1905 Download 1 Mb. Share with your friends:
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