Oceans clean up affirmative
Answers to: Clean Up Fails- Sea Life
Download 141.32 Kb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- Answers to: Economic Viability
- Answers to: Experts Agree
Answers to: Clean Up Fails- Sea LifeBycatch will be minimal. Plankton can float under our system and larger animals will be deterred by sound systems. Slat et al, founder and lead designer The Ocean Cleanup Project, 2014 (Boyan, “A Feasibility Study”, http://www.theoceancleanup.com/fileadmin/media-archive/theoceancleanup/press/downloads/TOC_Feasibility_study_lowres.pdf, p. 29) Because they are effectively neutrally buoyant, both phytoplankton and zooplankton are likely to pass underneath the barriers along with the current. But even assuming the worst - The Ocean Cleanup Array would harvest all the plankton it encounters - this would constitute a maximum loss of 10 million kg of planktonic biomass annually. Given the immense primary production of the world oceans, it would take less than 7 seconds to reproduce this amount of biomass. With regard to vertebrates, harm caused by the barriers seems unlikely because non-permeable barriers are used, although some bycatch may occur in the near vicinity of the platform’s extraction equipment. To prevent the possible impact on vertebrates, active deterrent techniques could be implemented near the extraction equipment. Answers to: Economic Viability[___][___] Multiple options for recycling ocean plastic that do not require sorting by plastic type. Means ocean clean up can still cover its own costs.Slat, founder and lead designer The Ocean Cleanup Project, 2014 (Boyan, “Responding to Critics”, The Ocean Cleanup, http://www.theoceancleanup.com/blog/show/item/responding-to-critics.html) “Plastic can only be recycled if it’s clean ocean (…) plastics are about the worst possible feedstock for recycling imaginable” Boyan: Partly true. Of course plastics degrade (oxidise) when exposed to the marine environment for years to decades. But when we (in collaboration with Universidade de Caxias do Sul) quantified the oxidation rate of ocean plastic using infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the quality turned out to be much higher than expected (feasibility study, chapter 9.1). Because many people wonder what to do with the plastic once extracted, we included the post-processing into the scope of the report. First we proved ocean plastic can be turned into oil, and is just as suitable as normal waste plastic. There is a large market for oil, but the net value is modest. Hence we then also tried mechanical recycling (both heat pressing and injection moulding), which showed the plastic can actually be turned into new materials. The only pre-processing was washing; the plastic didn’t even have to be sorted into different polymer types. (feasibility study, chapter 9.2) And even if most damage occurs near the coasts, with an estimated 1.27 B USD of annual damages in the APEC region, removing almost half the plastic within the North Pacific Gyre for just 31.7 M euro per year seems like a pretty good deal, even leaving the value of the plastics aside. Answers to: Economic Viability[____][____] Passive collections is the only cost effective option and annual operating costs can be covered by selling plastic recycled from the project.Slat et al, founder and lead designer The Ocean Cleanup Project, 2014 (Boyan, “A Feasibility Study”, http://www.theoceancleanup.com/fileadmin/media-archive/theoceancleanup/press/downloads/TOC_Feasibility_study_lowres.pdf, p. 30) The Ocean Cleanup Array is estimated to be 33 times cheaper than conventional cleanup proposals per extracted mass of plastics. In order to extract 70 million kg (or 42 percent) of garbage from the North Pacific Gyre over 10 years, we calculated a total cost of 317 million euro. In the calculations, a limited lifetime of 10 years is applied instead of a general economic lifetime (for most equipment 20 years). This is because projections indicate the mean amount of plastic mass will decrease with time. Thus, the average mass of plastic that will be collected per year will likely be lower than what has been calculated using the 10-year deployment time. As expected with the passive cleanup concept, capital expenditures outweigh the operating expenditures. The total annual estimated operating expenditures is estimated at five million euro. A break-even cost of €4.53 per kg of plastic collected must be realized in order for The Ocean Cleanup Array to be profitable. This amount falls in the range of beach cleanup costs, estimated to be €0.07 – €18.0 per kg. This is also less expensive than the plastic-caused damage to the maritime industry in the APEC region. ****Cost estimates in the piece of evidence are stated in Euros (€) the type of money used in most of Europe. While the value of currencies fluctuate as a general rule 1 Euro is equal to about $1.33. So operating costs of 5 million € a year would be about 6.65 million $ per year. Answers to: Experts Agree[___][___] Passive collection method has been tested and supported by experts.Slat, founder and lead designer The Ocean Cleanup Project, 2014 (Boyan, “Responding to Critics”, The Ocean Cleanup, http://www.theoceancleanup.com/blog/show/item/responding-to-critics.html) It’s a great story, but it’s just a story. (…) Gyre cleanup is a false prophet hailing from La-La land that won’t work (…) Slat’s project as it stands is in the fairy tale phase…” Boyan: We have just published a 530-page report, concluding that The Ocean Cleanup Array is a feasible and viable method for large-scale gyre cleanup, marking the successful end of the preliminary engineering phase. Because of its length and diverse nature, a journal won’t publish it. Hence we have asked external experts to do an informal peer review, which the report passed. Furthermore, part of the report (the plastic processing, the vertical distribution and computational fluid dynamics) will be separately published in a journal. We are currently increasing the size of the vertical distribution dataset through new expeditions, in collaboration with the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 141.32 Kb. Share with your friends:
|