OpenSky Publications Report

Riethmüller, T.L., S.K. Solanki, J. Hirzberger, S. Danilovic, P. Barthol, T. Berkefeld, A. Gandorfer, L. Gizon, M. Knoelker, W. Schmidt, and J.C. Del Toro Iniesta, 2013: First High-resolution Images of the Sun in the 2796 Å Mg II k Line. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 776, 5 pp, DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/776/1/L13.

Rife, D.L., E. Vanvyve, J. Pinto, A.J. Monaghan, C.A. Davis, and G.S. Poulos, 2013: Selecting representative days for more efficient dynamical climate downscaling: Application to wind energy. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 52, 47-63, DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-016.1.

Roberts, R.D., A. Anderson, E.J. Nelson, B.G. Brown, J.W. Wilson, M.J. Pocernich, and T. Saxen, 2012: Impacts of forecaster involvement on convective storm initiation and evolution nowcasting. Weather and Forecasting, 27, 1061–1089, DOI: 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00087.1.

Rodriguez, L., P.E. Bieringer, and T.T. Warner, 2013: Urban transport and dispersion model sensitivity to wind direction uncertainty and source location. Atmospheric Environment, 64, 25-39, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.037.

Rogelj, J., D.L. McCollum, B.C. O'Neill, and K. Riahi, 2012: 2020 emissions levels required to limit warming to below 2°C. Nature Climate Change, 3, 405-412, DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1758.

Rogers, B.M., J.T. Randerson, and G.B. Bonan, 2013: High-latitude cooling associated with landscape changes from North American boreal forest fires. Biogeosciences, 10, 699-718, DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-699-2013.

Romero Lankao, P., H. Qin, and M. Borbor-Cordova, 2013: Exploration of health risks related to air pollution and temperature in three Latin American cities. Social Science & Medicine, 83, 110-118, DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.01.009.

Romero Lankao, P., M. Borbor-Cordova, R. Abrutsky, G. Gunther, E. Behrenz, and L. Dawidowsky, 2013: ADAPTE: A tale of diverse teams coming together to do issue-driven interdisciplinary research. Environmental Science & Policy, 26, 29-39, DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2011.12.003.

Romero-Lankao, P., and D.M. Gnatz, 2013: Exploring urban transformations in Latin America. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 5, 358-367, DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.07.008.

Romine, G.S., C.S. Schwartz, C.M. Snyder, J.L. Anderson, and M.L. Weisman, 2013: Model bias in a continuously cycled assimilation system and its influence on convection-permitting forecasts. Monthly Weather Review, 141, 1263-1284, DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00112.1.

Rootzen, H., and R.W. Katz, 2013: Design Life Level: Quantifying risk in a changing climate. Water Resources Research, 49, 5964-5972, DOI: 10.1002/wrcr.20425.

Rorai, C., D. Rosenberg, A. Pouquet, and P.D. Mininni, 2013: Helicity dynamics in stratified turbulence in the absence of forcing. Physical Review E, 87, 13 pp, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.87.063007.

Rosa, D., J.-F. Lamarque, and W.D. Collins, 2012: Global transport of passive tracers in conventional and superparameterized climate models: Evaluation of multi-scale methods. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 4, DOI: 10.1029/2012MS000206.

Rosa, B., H. Parishani, O. Ayala, W.W. Grabowski, and L.-P. Wang, 2013: Kinematic and dynamic collision statistics of cloud droplets from high-resolution simulations. New Journal of Physics, 15, DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/15/4/045032.

Rosenbloom, N.A., B.L. Otto-Bliesner, E.C. Brady, and P.J. Lawrence, 2013: Simulating the mid-Pliocene warm period with the CCSM4 model. Geoscientific Model Development, 6, 549-561, DOI: 10.5194/gmd-6-549-2013.

Chemke, R., D. Rosenfeld, P. DeMott, R.C. Sullivan, R.M. Rasmussen, F. McDonough, J. Comstock, B. Schmid, J. Tomlinson, H. Jonsson, K. Suski, A. Cazorla, and K. Prather, 2013: The common occurrence of highly supercooled drizzle and rain near the coastal regions of the western United States. Article

Rotunno, R., 2013: The fluid dynamics of tornadoes. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 45, 59-84, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-011212-140639.

Ruiz-Arias, J., J. Dudhia, F.J. Santos-Alamillos, and D. Pozo-Vázquez, 2013: Surface clear-sky shortwave radiative closure intercomparisons in the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 9901-9913, DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50778.

Ruiz-Arias, J.A., J. Dudhia, C.A. Gueymard, and D. Pozo-Vazquez, 2013: Assessment of the Level-3 MODIS daily aerosol optical depth in the context of surface solar radiation and numerical weather modeling. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 675-692, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-675-2013.

Runfola, D.S., and R.G. Pontius, 2013: Measuring the temporal instability of land change using the Flow matrix. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 27, 1996-1716, DOI: 10.1080/13658816.2013.792344.

Rutherford, S.D., M.E. Mann, E. Wahl, and C. Ammann, 2013: Comments on "Erroneous model field representations in multiple pseudoproxy studies: Corrections and implications". Journal of Climate, 26, 3482-3484, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00065.1.

Saito, K., T. Sueyoshi, S. Marchenko, V. Romanovsky, B. Otto-Bliesner, J. Walsh, N. Bigelow, A. Hendricks, and K. Yoshikawa, 2013: LGM permafrost distribution: How well can the latest PMIP multi-model ensembles perform reconstruction?. Climate of the Past, 9, 1697-1714, DOI: 10.5194/cp-9-1697-2013.

Sakazaki, T., M. Fujiwara, C. Mitsuda, K. Imai, N. Manago, Y. Naito, T. Nakamura, H. Akiyoshi, D. Kinnison, T. Sano, M. Suzuki, and M. Shiotani, 2013: Diurnal ozone variations in the stratosphere revealed in observations from the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on board the International Space Station (ISS). Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 2991-3006, DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50220.

Samset, B.H., G. Myhre, M. Schulz, Y. Balkanski, S. Bauer, T.K. Berntsen, H. Bian, N. Bellouin, T. Diehl, R.C. Easter, S.J. Ghan, T. Iversen, S. Kinne, A. Kirkevag, J.-F. Lamarque, G. Lin, X. Liu, J.E. Penner, O. Seland, R.B. Skeie, P. Stier, T. Takemura, K. Tsigaridis, and K. Zhang, 2013: Black carbon vertical profiles strongly affect its radiative forcing uncertainty. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 2423-2434, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-2423-2013.

Sand, M., T.K. Berntsen, J.E. Kay, J.-F. Lamarque, Ø. Seland, and A. Kirkevåg, 2013: The Arctic response to remote and local forcing of black carbon. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 211-224, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-211-2013.

Sanderson, B.M., 2013: On the estimation of systematic error in regression-based predictions of climate sensitivity. Climatic Change, 118, 757-770, DOI: 10.1007/s10584-012-0671-6.

Santer, B.D., J.F. Painter, C.A. Mears, C. Doutriaux, P. Caldwell, J.M. Arblaster, P.J. Cameron-Smith, N.P. Gillett, P.J. Gleckler, J. Lanzante, J. Perlwitz, S. Solomon, P.A. Stott, K.E. Taylor, L. Terray, P.W. Thorne, M.F. Wehner, F.J. Wentz, T.M. Wigley, L.J. Wilcox, and C.-Z. Zou, 2013: Identifying human influences on atmospheric temperature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, 26-33, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210514109.

Sassi, F., H. Liu, J. Ma, and R.R. Garcia, 2013: The lower thermosphere during the northern hemisphere winter of 2009: A modeling study using high-altitude data assimilation products in WACCM-X. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 8954-8968, DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50632.

Sattler, S., J. Macknick, D. Yates, F. Flores-Lopez, A. Lopez, and J. Rogers, 2012: Linking electricity and water models to assess electricity choices at water-relevant scales. Environmental Research Letters, 7, 1-8, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045804.

Scherllin-Pirscher, B., C. Deser, S.-P. Ho, C. Chou, W. Randel, and Y.-H. Kuo, 2012: The vertical and spatial structure of ENSO in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from GPS radio occultation measurements. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L20801, DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053071.

Schirber, S., D. Klocke, R. Pincus, J. Quaas, and J.L. Anderson, 2013: Parameter estimation using data assimilation in an atmospheric general circulation model: From a perfect toward the real world. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 5, 58–70, DOI: 10.1029/2012MS000167.

Schmit, D.J., and S. Gibson, 2013: Diagnosing the prominence-cavity connection. The Astrophysical Journal, 770, DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/770/1/35.

Schuur, E.A., B.W. Abbott, W.B. Bowden, V. Brovkin, P. Camill, J.G. Canadell, J.P. Chanton, F.S. Chapin, T.R. Christensen, P. Ciais, B.T. Crosby, C.I. Czimczik, G. Grosse, J. Harden, D.J. Hayes, G. Hugelius, J.D. Jastrow, J.B. Jones, T. Kleinen, C.D. Koven, G. Krinner, P. Kuhry, D.M. Lawrence, A.D. McGuire, S.M. Natali, C.L. Ping, W.J. Riley, A. Rinke, V.E. Romanovsky, A.B. Sannel, C. Schädel, K. Schaefer, J. Sky, Z.M. Subin, C. Tarnocai, M.R. Turetsky, M.P. Waldrop, K.M. Anthony, K.P. Wickland, C.J. Wilson, and S.A. Zimov, 2013: Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change. Climatic Change, 119, 359-374, DOI: 10.1007/s10584-013-0730-7.

Scott-Denton, L.E., D.J. Moore, N. Rosenbloom, T.G. Kittel, S. Burns, D.S. Schimel, and R.K. Monson, 2013: Forecasting net ecosystem CO₂ exchange in a subalpine forest using model data assimilation combined with simulated climate and weather generation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, 118, 549-565, DOI: 10.1002/jgrg.20039.

Screen, J.A., I. Simmonds, C. Deser, and R. Tomas, 2013: The atmospheric response to three decades of observed Arctic sea ice loss. Journal of Climate, 26, 1230-1248, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00063.1.

Seefeldt, M.W., T.M. Hopson, and T.T. Warner, 2012: A characterization of the variation in relative humidity across West Africa during the dry season. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 51, 2077-2089, DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0196.1.

Sellitto, P., G. Dufour, M. Eremenko, J. Cuesta, V.-H. Peuch, A. Eldering, D.P. Edwards, and J.M. Flaud, 2013: The effect of using limited scene-dependent averaging kernels approximations for the implementation of fast observing system simulation experiments targeted on lower tropospheric ozone. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 6, 1869-1881, DOI: 10.5194/amt-6-1869-2013.

Shaman, J., and A. Karspeck, 2012: Forecasting seasonal outbreaks of influenza. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 20425-20430, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1208772109.

Shapiro, A.V., E.V. Rozanov, A.I. Shapiro, T.A. Egorova, J. Harder, M. Weber, A.K. Smith, W. Schmutz, and T. Peter, 2013: The role of the solar irradiance variability in the evolution of the middle atmosphere during 2004-2009. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 3781-3793, DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50208.

Sheese, P.E., K. Strong, R.L. Gattinger, E.J. Llewellyn, J. Urban, C.D. Boone, and A.K. Smith, 2013: Odin observations of Antarctic nighttime NO densities in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere and observations of a lower NO layer. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 7414-7425, DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50563.

Shepherd, G.G., R.G. Roble, and Y.-M. Cho, 2013: WINDII observations and TIME-GCM simulations of O(¹S) polar spirals during geomagnetic disturbances. Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 118, 2721-2733, DOI: 10.1002/jgra.50272.

Shin, H.H., S.-Y. Hong, Y. Noh, and J. Dudhia, 2013: Derivation of turbulent kinetic energy from a first-order nonlocal planetary boundary layer parameterization. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 70, 1795-1805, DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0150.1.

Shindell, D.T., J.-F. Lamarque, M. Schulz, M. Flanner, C. Jiao, M. Chin, P.J. Young, Y.H. Lee, L. Rotstayn, N. Mahowald, G. Milly, G. Faluvegi, Y. Balkanski, W.J. Collins, A.J. Conley, S. Dalsoren, R. Easter, S. Ghan, L. Horowitz, X. Liu, G. Myhre, T. Nagashima, V. Naik, S.T. Rumbold, R. Skeie, K. Sudo, S. Szopa, T. Takemura, A. Voulgarakis, J.-H. Yoon, and F. Lo, 2013: Radiative forcing in the ACCMIP historical and future climate simulations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 2939-2974, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-2939-2013.

Shindell, D.T., O. Pechony, A. Voulgarakis, G. Faluvegi, L. Nazarenko, J.-F. Lamarque, K. Bowman, G. Milly, B. Kovari, R. Ruedy, and G.A. Schmidt, 2013: Interactive ozone and methane chemistry in GISS-E2 historical and future climate simulations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 2653-2013, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-2653-2013.

Silva, S.J., A.F. Arellano, and H.M. Worden, 2013: Toward anthropogenic combustion emission constraints from space-based analysis of urban CO₂/CO sensitivity. Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 4971-4976, DOI: 10.1002/grl.50954.

Silva, R.A., J.J. West, Y. Zhang, S.C. Anenberg, J.-F. Lamarque, D.T. Shindell, W.J. Collins, S. Dalsoren, G. Faluvegi, G. Folberth, L.W. Horowitz, T. Nagashima, V. Naik, S. Rumbold, R. Skeie, K. Sudo, T. Takemura, D. Bergmann, P. Cameron-Smith, I. Cionni, R.M. Doherty, V. Eyring, B. Josse, I.A. MacKenzie, D. Plummer, M. Righi, D.S. Stevenson, S. Strode, S. Szopa, and G. Zeng, 2013: Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change. Environmental Research Letters, 8, 034005, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034005.

Skok, G., J. Bacmeister, and J. Tribbia, 2013: Analysis of tropical cyclone precipitation using an object-based algorithm. Journal of Climate, 26, 2563-2579, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00135.1.

Slater, A.G., A.P. Barrett, M.P. Clark, J.D. Lundquist, and M.S. Raleigh, 2013: Uncertainty in seasonal snow reconstruction: Relative impacts of model forcing and image availability. Advances in Water Resources, 55, 165-177, DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.07.006.

Slater, A.G., and D.M. Lawrence, 2013: Diagnosing present and future permafrost from climate models. Journal of Climate, 25, 5608-5623, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00341.1.

Smith, K.L., L.M. Polvani, and D.R. Marsh, 2012: Mitigation of 21st century Antarctic sea ice loss by stratospheric ozone recovery. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, 6 pp, DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053325.

Smith, A.K., V.L. Harvey, M.G. Mlynczak, B. Funke, M. Garcia-Comas, M. Hervig, M. Kaufmann, E. Kyrola, M. Lopez-Puertas, I. McDade, C.E. Randall, J.M. Russell, P.E. Sheese, M. Shiotani, W.R. Skinner, M. Suzuki, and K.A. Walker, 2013: Satellite observations of ozone in the upper mesosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 5803-5821, DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50445.

Brenkert-Smith, H., K.L. Dickinson, P.A. Champ, and N. Flores, 2013: Social amplification of wildfire risk: The role of social interactions and information sources. Risk Analysis, 33, 800-817, DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01917.x.

Smith, A.B., and R.W. Katz, 2013: US billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: Data sources, trends, accuracy and biases. Natural Hazards, 67, 387-410, DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0566-5.

Smolarkiewicz, P.K., and P. Charbonneau, 2013: EULAG, a computational model for multiscale flows: An MHD extension. Journal of Computational Physics, 236, 608-623, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2012.11.008.

St. George, S., T. Ault, and M.C. Torbenson, 2013: The rarity of absent growth rings in Northern Hemisphere forests outside the American Southwest. Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 3727-3731, DOI: 10.1002/grl.50743.

Steig, E.J., Q. Ding, J.W. White, M. Kuttel, S.B. Rupper, T.A. Neumann, P.D. Neff, A.J. Gallant, P.A. Mayewski, K.C. Taylor, G. Hoffmann, D.A. Dixon, S.W. Schoenemann, B.R. Markle, T.J. Fudge, D.P. Schneider, A.J. Schauer, R.P. Teel, B.H. Vaughn, L. Burgener, J. Williams, and E. Korotkikh, 2013: Recent climate and ice-sheet changes in West Antarctica compared with the past 2,000 years. Nature Geoscience, 6, 372-375, DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1778.

Steiner, A.K., D.C. Hunt, S.-P. Ho, G. Kirchengast, A.J. Mannucci, B. Scherllin-Pirscher, H. Gleisner, A. von Engeln, T. Schmidt, C. Ao, S.S. Leroy, E.R. Kursinski, U. Foelsche, M. Gorbunov, S. Heise, Y.-H. Kuo, K.B. Lauritsen, C. Marquardt, C. Rocken, W.S. Schreiner, S. Sokolovskiy, S. Syndergaard, and J. Wickert, 2013: Quantification of structural uncertainty in climate data records from GPS radio occultation. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 1469-1484, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-1469-2013.

Steiner, M., W. Deierling, and R. Bass, 2013: Balancing safety and efficiency of airport operations under lightning threats. Journal of Air Traffic Control, 55, 16-22.

Steinhoff, D.F., D.H. Bromwich, and A.J. Monaghan, 2013: Dynamics of the Foehn mechanism in the McMurdo Dry valleys of Antarctica from polar WRF. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 139, 1615-1631, DOI: 10.1002/qj.2038.

Stephens, B.B., G.W. Brailsford, A.J. Gomez, K. Riedel, S.E. Mikaloff Fletcher, S. Nichol, and M. Manning, 2013: Analysis of a 39-year continuous atmospheric CO₂ record from Baring Head, New Zealand. Biogeosciences, 10, 2683-2697, DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-2683-2013.

Steppeler, J., S.-H. Park, and A. Dobler, 2013: Forecasts covering one month using a cut-cell model. Geoscientific Model Development, 6, 875-882, DOI: 10.5194/gmd-6-875-2013.

Bak-Steslicka, U., S.E. Gibson, Y. Fan, C. Bethge, B. Forland, and L.A. Rachmeler, 2013: The magnetic structure of solar prominence cavities: New observational signature revealed by coronal magnetometry. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 770, DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/770/2/L28.

Bak-Steslicka, U., S. Kolomanski, and T. Mrozek, 2013: Coronal mass ejections associated with slow long duration flares. Solar Physics, 283, 505-517, DOI: 10.1007/s11207-013-0251-6.

Stevenson, D.S., P.J. Young, V. Naik, J.-F. Lamarque, D.T. Shindell, A. Voulgarakis, R.B. Skeie, S.B. Dalsoren, G. Myhre, T.K. Berntsen, G.A. Folberth, S.T. Rumbold, W.J. Collins, I.A. MacKenzie, R.M. Doherty, G. Zeng, T.P. van Noije, A. Strunk, D. Bergmann, P. Cameron-Smith, D.A. Plummer, S.A. Strode, L. Horowitz, Y.H. Lee, S. Szopa, K. Sudo, T. Nagashima, B. Josse, I. Cionni, M. Righi, V. Eyring, A. Conley, K.W. Bowman, O. Wild, and A. Archibald, 2013: Tropospheric ozone changes, radiative forcing and attribution to emissions in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 3063-3085, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-3063-2013.

Stratford, E., C. Farbotko, and H. Lazrus, 2013: Tuvalu, sovereignty and climate change: Considering fenua, the archipelago and emigration. Island Studies Journal, 8, 67-83.

Stremme, W., M. Grutter, C. Rivera, A. Bezanilla, A.R. Garcia, I. Ortega, M. George, C. Clerbaux, P.-F. Coheur, D. Hurtmans, J. Hannigan, and M.T. Coffey, 2013: Top-down estimation of carbon monoxide emissions from the Mexico Megacity based on FTIR measurements from ground and space. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 1357-1376, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-1357-2013.

Su, H., J.H. Jiang, C. Zhai, V.S. Perun, J.T. Shen, A. Del Genio, L.S. Nazarenko, L.J. Donner, L. Horowitz, C. Seman, C. Morcrette, J. Petch, M. Ringer, J. Cole, K. von Salzen, M.S. Mesquita, T. Iversen, J.E. Kristjansson, A. Gettelman, L. Rotstayn, S. Jeffrey, J.-L. Dufresne, M. Watanabe, H. Kawai, T. Koshiro, E.M. Volodin, T. L'Ecuyer, J. Teixeira, and G.L. Stephens, 2013: Diagnosis of regime-dependent cloud simulation errors in CMIP5 models using "A-Train" satellite observations and reanalysis data. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 2762-2780, DOI: 10.1029/2012JD018575.

Subin, Z.M., C.D. Koven, W.J. Riley, M.S. Torn, D.M. Lawrence, and S.C. Swenson, 2013: Effects of soil moisture on the responses of soil temperatures to climate change in cold regions. Journal of Climate, 26, 3139-3158, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00305.1.

Sullivan, P.P., L. Romero, J.C. McWilliams, and W.K. Melville, 2012: Transient evolution of Langmuir turbulence in ocean boundary layers driven by hurricane winds and waves. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 42, 1959-1980, DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-025.1.

Sun, L., G. Chen, and J. Lu, 2013: Sensitivities and mechanisms of the zonal mean atmospheric circulation response to tropical warming. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 70, 2487-2504, DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0298.1.

Sun, Y., M.G. Genton, and D. Nychka, 2012: Exact fast computation of band depth for large functional datasets: How quickly can one million curves be ranked?. Stat: The ISI's Journal for the Rapid Dissemination of Statistics Research, 1, 68-74, DOI: 10.1002/sta4.8.

Sun, J., and H. Wang, 2013: Radar data assimilation with WRF 4D-Var. Part II: Comparison with 3D-Var for a squall line over the U.S. Great Plains. Monthly Weather Review, 141, 2245-2264, DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00169.1.

Sussmann, R., A. Ostler, F. Forster, M. Rettinger, N.M. Deutscher, D.W. Griffith, J. Hannigan, N. Jones, and P.K. Patra, 2013: First intercalibration of column-averaged methane from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network and the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 6, 379-418, DOI: 10.5194/amt-6-397-2013.

Sutton, E.K., S.B. Cable, C.S. Lin, L. Qian, and D.R. Weimer, 2012: Thermospheric basis functions for improved dynamic calibration of semi-empirical models. Space Weather, 10, 9 pp, DOI: 10.1029/2012SW000827.

Suzuki, N., T. Hara, and P.P. Sullivan, 2013: Impact of breaking wave form drag on near-surface turbulence and drag coefficient over young seas at high winds. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43, 324-343, DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0127.1.

Martínez-Sykora, J., B. De Pontieu, J. Leenaarts, T.M. Pereira, M. Carlsson, V. Hansteen, J.V. Stern, H. Tian, S. McIntosh, and L.R. van der Voort, 2013: A detailed comparison between the observed and synthesized properties of a simulated type II spicule. The Astrophysical Journal, 771, 25 pp, DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/66.

Tanaka, K., D.J. Johansson, B.C. O'Neill, and J.S. Fuglestvedt, 2013: Emission metrics under the 2 °C climate stabilization target. Climatic Change, 117, 933-941, DOI: 10.1007/s10584-013-0693-8.

Tang, B.H., and K. Emanuel, 2012: A ventilation index for tropical cyclones. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 93, 1901-1912, DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00165.1.

Taylor, P.C., M. Cai, A. Hu, G.A. Meehl, W.M. Washington, and G.J. Zhang, 2013: A decomposition of feedback contributions to Polar warming amplification. Journal of Climate, 26, 7023-7043, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00696.1.

Teitelbaum, T., and P.D. Mininni, 2012: Decay of Batchelor and Saffman rotating turbulence. Physical Review E, 86, 13 pp, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.86.066320.

Teller, A., L. Xue, and Z. Levin, 2012: The effects of mineral dust particles, aerosol regeneration and ice nucleation parameterizations on clouds and precipitation. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12, 9303-9320, DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-9303-2012.

Teng, H., and G.W. Branstator, 2012: A zonal wavenumber 3 pattern of Northern Hemisphere wintertime planetary wave variability at high latitudes. Journal of Climate, 25, 6756–6769, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00664.1.

Teng, W.-H., C.-Y. Huang, S.-P. Ho, Y.-H. Kuo, and X. Zhou, 2013: Characteristics of global precipitable water in ENSO events revealed by COSMIC measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 8411-8425, DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50371.

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Wyszogrodzki, A.A., W.W. Grabowski, L.-P. Wang, and O. Ayala, 2013: Turbulent collision-coalescence in maritime shallow convection. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 8471-8487, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-8471-2013.

Xiao, C., X. Hu, A.K. Smith, Q. Xu, and X. Chen, 2013: Short-term variability and summer-2009 averages of the mean wind and tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over Langfang, China (39.4ˆ°N, 116.7ˆ°E). Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 92, 65-77, DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2012.10.006.

Xu, J., W. Wang, and H. Gao, 2013: The longitudinal variation of the daily mean thermospheric mass density. Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 118, 515–523, DOI: 10.1029/2012JA017918.

Xue, L., S.A. Tessendorf, E.J. Nelson, R.M. Rasmussen, D.W. Breed, S. Parkinson, P. Holbrook, and D. Blestrud, 2013: Implementation of a silver iodide cloud-seeding parameterization in WRF. Part II: 3D simulations of actual seeding events and sensitivity tests. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 52, 1458-1476, DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0149.1.

Xue, L., A. Hashimoto, M. Murakami, R.M. Rasmussen, S.A. Tessendorf, D.W. Breed, S. Parkinson, P. Holbrook, and D. Blestrud, 2013: Implementation of a silver iodide cloud-seeding parameterization in WRF. Part I: Model description and idealized 2D sensitivity tests. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 52, 1433-1457, DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0148.1.

Yamazaki, Y., A.D. Richmond, H. Liu, K. Yumoto, and Y. Tanaka, 2012: Sq current system during stratospheric sudden warming events in 2006 and 2009. Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 117, DOI: 10.1029/2012JA018116.

Yamazaki, Y., and A.D. Richmond, 2013: A theory of ionospheric response to upward-propagating tides: Electrodynamic effects and tidal mixing effects. Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 118, 5891-5905, DOI: 10.1002/jgra.50487.

Yano, J.-I., C. Liu, and M.W. Moncrieff, 2012: Self-organized criticality and homeostasis in atmospheric convective organization. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 69, 3449-3462, DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-069.1.

Yates, D., F. Vásquez Lavin, D.P. Purkey, S. Guerrero, M. Hanemann, and J. Sieber, 2013: Using economic and other performance measures to evaluate a municipal drought plan. Water Policy, 15, 648-668, DOI: 10.2166/wp.2013.204.

Yates, D., J. Meldrum, F. Flores-Lopez, and M. Davis, 2013: Integrated impacts of future electricity mix scenarios on select southeastern US water resources. Environmental Research Letters, 8, 035042, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035042.

Yates, D., and K.A. Miller, 2013: Integrated decision support for energy/water planning in California and the Southwest. The International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses, 4, 49-64.

Yi, B., B. Yang, B.A. Baum, T. L'Ecuyer, L. Oreopoulos, E.J. Mlawer, A.J. Heymsfield, and K.-N. Liou, 2013: Influence of ice particle surface roughening on the global cloud radiative effect. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 70, 2794-2807, DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-13-020.1.

Young, C.-C., Y. Tseng, M.-L. Shen, Y.-C. Liang, M.-H. Chen, and C.-H. Chien, 2012: Software development of the TaIwan Multi-scale Community Ocean Model (TIMCOM). Environmental Modelling & Software, 38, 214-219, DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.05.017.

Young, P.J., A.H. Butler, N. Calvo Fernandez, L. Heimberger, P.J. Kushner, D. Marsh, W. Randel, and K.H. Rosenlof, 2013: Agreement in late twentieth century Southern Hemisphere stratospheric temperature trends in observations and CCMVal-2, CMIP3, and CMIP5 models. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 605-613, DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50126.

Young, P.J., A.T. Archibald, K.W. Bowman, J.-F. Lamarque, V. Naik, D.S. Stevenson, S. Tilmes, A. Voulgarakis, O. Wild, D. Bergmann, P. Cameron-Smith, I. Cionni, W.J. Collins, S.B. Dalsoren, R.M. Doherty, V. Eyring, G. Faluvegi, L.W. Horowitz, B. Josse, Y.H. Lee, I.A. MacKenzie, T. Nagashima, D.A. Plummer, M. Righi, S.T. Rumbold, R.B. Skeie, D.T. Shindell, S.A. Strode, K. Sudo, S. Szopa, and G. Zeng, 2013: Pre-industrial to end 21st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 2063-2090, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-2063-2013.

Yu, L., Z. Zhang, M. Zhou, S. Zhong, D.H. Lenschow, B. Li, X. Wang, and S. Li, 2013: Trends in latent and sensible heat fluxes over the oceans surrounding the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 7, 16 pp, DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.7.073531.

Yu, W., W. Han, and D.J. Gochis, 2012: Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and intraseasonal waves on surface wind and convection of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Climate, 25, 8057-8074, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00528.1.

Yue, X., W.S. Schreiner, C. Rocken, and Y.-H. Kuo, 2013: Validate the IRI2007 model by the COSMIC slant TEC data during the extremely solar minimum of 2008. Advances in Space Research, 51, 647-653, DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2011.08.011.

Yue, J., H. Liu, R.R. Meier, L. Chang, S.-Y. Gu, and J. Russell, 2013: On the fast zonal transport of the STS-121 space shuttle exhaust plume in the lower thermosphere. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 94, 19-27, DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2012.12.017.

Yue, X., W.S. Schreiner, Y.-H. Kuo, Q. Wu, Y. Deng, and W. Wang, 2013: GNSS radio occultation (RO) derived electron density quality in high latitude and polar region: NCAR-TIEGCM simulation and real data evaluation. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 98, 39-49, DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2013.03.009.

Yue, X., W.S. Schreiner, and Y.-H. Kuo, 2013: Evaluating the effect of the global ionospheric map on aiding retrieval of radio occultation electron density profiles. GPS Solutions, 17, 327-335, DOI: 10.1007/s10291-012-0281-9.

Yue, X., W.S. Schreiner, Y.-H. Kuo, B. Zhao, W. Wan, Z. Ren, L. Liu, Y. Wei, J. Lei, S.C. Solomon, and C. Rocken, 2013: The effect of solar radio bursts on the GNSS radio occultation signals. Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 118, 5906-5918, DOI: 10.1002/jgra.50525.

Yue, J., W. Wang, A.D. Richmond, H. Liu, and L.C. Chang, 2013: Wavenumber broadening of the quasi 2 day planetary wave in the ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 118, 3515-3526, DOI: 10.1002/jgra.50307.

Zagar, N., L. Isaksen, D. Tan, and J. Tribbia, 2013: Balance properties of the short-range forecast errors in the ECMWF 4D-Var ensemble. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 139, 1229-1238, DOI: 10.1002/qj.2033.

Zeng, Z., S.-P. Ho, S. Sokolovskiy, and Y.-H. Kuo, 2012: Structural evolution of the Madden-Julian Oscillation from COSMIC radio occultation data. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 117, D22108, DOI: 10.1029/2012JD017685.

Zhang, C., J. Gottschalck, E.D. Maloney, M.W. Moncrieff, F. Vitart, D.E. Waliser, B. Wang, and M.C. Wheeler, 2013: Cracking the MJO nut. Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 1223-1230, DOI: 10.1002/grl.50244.

Zhang, Q., X. Tie, W. Lin, J. Cao, J. Quan, L. Ran, and W. Xu, 2013: Variability of SO₂ in an intensive fog in North China Plain: Evidence of high solubility of SO₂. Particuology: Science and Technology of Particles, 11, 41-47, DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2012.09.005.

Zhang, Z.-S., K.H. Nisancioglu, M.A. Chandler, A.M. Haywood, B.L. Otto-Bliesner, G. Ramstein, C. Stepanek, A. Abe-Ouchi, W.-L. Chan, F.J. Bragg, C. Contoux, A.M. Dolan, D.J. Hill, A. Jost, Y. Kamae, G. Lohmann, D.J. Lunt, N.A. Rosenbloom, L.E. Sohl, and H. Ueda, 2013: Mid-pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation not unlike modern. Climate of the Past, 9, 1495-1504, DOI: 10.5194/cp-9-1495-2013.

Zhang, G.J., M. Cai, and A. Hu, 2013: Energy consumption and the unexplained winter warming over northern Asia and North America. Nature Climate Change, 3, 466-470, DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1803.

Zhang, B., W. Lotko, O. Brambles, M. Wiltberger, W. Wang, P.J. Schmitt, and J. Lyon, 2012: Enhancement of thermospheric mass density by soft electron precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L20102, DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053519.

Zhang, Q., A.J. Pitman, Y.P. Wang, Y.J. Dai, and P. Lawrence, 2013: The impact of nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the estimated terrestrial carbon balance and warming of land use change over the last 156 yr. Earth System Dynamics, 4, 333-345, DOI: 10.5194/esd-4-333-2013.

Zhao, L., E. Landi, and S. Gibson, 2013: Two novel parameters to evaluate the global complexity of the Sun's magnetic field and track the solar cycle. The Astrophysical Journal, 773, 6 pp, DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/773/2/157.

Zhao, L., S. Gibson, and L.A. Fisk, 2013: Association of solar wind proton flux extremes with pseudostreamers. Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics, 118, 2834-2841, DOI: 10.1002/jgra.50335.

Zhao, J., J. Ortega, M. Chen, P.H. McMurry, and J.N. Smith, 2013: Dependence of particle nucleation and growth on high-molecular-weight gas-phase products during ozonolysis of α-pinene. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 7631-7644, DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-7631-2013.

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