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- OTEC is within the ocean and is development- the Ocean is what powers the plants
- Energy development is topical, the ocean itself is what generated the electric power
- OTEC is the extraction of solar energy from oceans
- A2: OTEC is solar
Off-Case AnswersT CardsOceansOTEC uses the deep oceanCreativeWorld9 2011 [“ADITYA(right) & PRAKASH (left)”. We have completed B.tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering (E.C.E).we are residing at Vishakhapatnam,A.P.we have designed this website with aim of helping the students of Engineering and all graduate fields..This blog contains mainly “IEEE abstracts with full papers in all respective fieldsOCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION http://www.creativeworld9.com/2011/03/abstract-and-full-paper-on-ocean.html OTEC, or Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, is an energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power. OTEC systems use the ocean's natural thermal gradient—the fact that the ocean's layers of water have different temperatures to drive a power-producing cycle. As long as the temperature between the warm surface water and the cold deep water differs by about 20°C (36°F), an OTEC system can produce a significant amount of power, with little impact on the surrounding environment. The distinctive feature of OTEC energy systems is that the end products include not only energy in the form of electricity, but several other synergistic products. The principle design objective was to minimize plan cost by minimizing plant mass, and taking maximum advantage of minimal warm and cold water flows. Power is Converted to high voltage DC, and is cabled to shore for conversion to AC and integration into the local power distribution network. The oceans are thus a vast renewable resource, with the potential to help us produce billions of watts of electric power. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface, making them the world's largest solar collectors. The sun's heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, and this temperature difference creates thermal energy. Just a small portion of the heat trapped in the ocean could power the world. OTEC is within the ocean and is development- the Ocean is what powers the plantsOak Ridge National Library 2009 [ORNL is a national multi-program research and development facility managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy Power from the Sea http://web.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/v44_3_11/article09.shtml OTEC uses temperature differences in the world's oceans to create energy. In the tropics, the surface water temperature is about 25 degrees C; and at 3000 feet down it's about 5 degrees C. "That's a difference of about 20 degrees C, and can be used to generate power," says James Klett of ORNL's Materials Science and Technology Division. The OTEC power generation system works by using this temperature difference to drive a closed-loop Rankine cycle power plant. The Rankine cycle begins by pumping the 25 degree C surface water through a heat exchanger to boil ammonia. The ammonia becomes a gas, which is used to spin a turbine-generator to produce power. Then, the 5 degree C water is used to cool the ammonia, which condenses to its liquid state within a heat exchanger called a condenser, and the cycle starts over again. Energy development is topical, the ocean itself is what generated the electric powerSharma & Sharma 2013 [R.C. Sharma Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Khentawas, G urgaon . 1 and Niharika Sharma PGT, Meenakshi World School Gurgaon Energy from the Ocean and Scope of its Utilization in India http://www.ripublication.com/ijeem_spl/ijeemv4n4_17.pdf The ocean can produce two types of energy: thermal energy from the sun's heat, and mechanical energy from the tides and waves. Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface, making them the world's largest solar collectors. The sun's heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, and this temperature difference creates thermal energy. Just a small portion of the heat trapped in the ocean could power the world. Ocean mechanical energy is quite different from ocean thermal energy. Even though the sun affects all ocean activity, tides are driven primarily by the gravitational pull of the moon, and waves are driven primarily by the winds. As a result, tides and waves are intermittent sources of energy, while ocean thermal energy is fairly constant. The ocean also provides, naturally, various mechanisms to collect, concentrate and transform that energy into forms that might be more useful. The oceans are a heat engine that transforms solar energy into the kinetic energy of wind, waves and current. The average solar power flux onto the surface of the ocean at 15 o North latitude is about 0.2kW/ m 2 , but this is typically converted to trade winds of about 20 knots, which have a power flux of 0.6 kW/m 2 . Here though, the energy is over a vertical area, perpendicular to the wind. This wind energy subsequently is concentrated into a wave energy flux of 8 kW/m 2 [1].These forms of high quality energy are very useful, but often intermittent, require more or less large collectors, and may have environmental issues. On the other hand, wind and wave tend to be stronger in winter, when direct solar energy is l ower, so they may provide seasonal leveling in association with land based direct solar systems. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion eliminates the heat collector, and provides steady power, but has practical issues and tends to be in distant locations OTEC is the extraction of solar energy from oceansCRRC 9 [Coastal Response Research Center, a partnership between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration and the University of New Hampshire, November 3, "Technical Readiness of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion", http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/otec/docs/otectech1109.pdf] The oceans are natural collectors of solar energy and absorb billions of watts of¶ energy from the sun in the form of solar radiation daily. In the tropical latitudes, intense¶ sunlight and longer days result in significant heating of the upper 35 to 100 m of the¶ oceans, yielding comparatively warm (27 - 29°C) oceanic surface waters. Below this¶ warm layer the temperature gradually decreases to an average of about 4.4°C. When the¶ second law of thermodynamics is considered, this temperature differential represents a¶ significant amount of potential energy which, if extracted, would be a completely¶ renewable source of energy.¶ One method of extracting this energy is Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion¶ (OTEC). OTEC facilities take advantage of the Rankine cycle, a process which converts¶ thermal energy into kinetic energy via turbines. The turbines can then be used to drive¶ generators, producing electricity. There are two major OTEC facility designs: open-cycle,¶ and closed-cycle. In an open-cycle OTEC facility seawater is used as a working fluid.¶ Warm surface water is exposed to a vacuum, causing it to boil and generate steam. The¶ cold water from deep in the ocean is then pumped through a condenser, causing the steam¶ to condense (Figure 1). This constant vaporization and condensation is used to drive a¶ turbine, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy. The open-cycle process has¶ the added advantage of creating fresh water as a byproduct. A2: OTEC is solarOTEC is ocean energy – distinct from solar energy in the literature.Kobayashi, 1 (The Present Status and Features of OTEC and Recent Aspects of Thermal Energy Conversion Technologies, Hiroki KOBAYASHI Hitachi Zosen Corporation Sadayuki JITSUHARA, Dr. Xenesys Inc. Haruo UEHARA, Dr. Saga University, 2001 http://www.nmri.go.jp/main/cooperation/ujnr/24ujnr_paper_jpn/Kobayashi.pdf) The world population is 6.1 billion in 2000, and it is still growing explosively. At the same time, energy consumed by human is also increasing explosively, as shown in Fig.1. By considering future economic growth and environmental problems it is obvious that in the 21st century we cannot rely on the current mainstream resources, i.e. oil, coal, and uranium for the world energy supply. Thus, we must face the urgent and important problem of developing an alternative energy source to fossil and nuclear fuel. For the alternative energy sources we can easily consider, for example, such as wind, solar and geothermal power. However, ocean energy should become also an important potential energy source which must be obtained. Among the various forms of ocean energy, the ocean thermal energy is plentiful and very stable. During the last decade, the technology of OTEC has been made great strides. It is worthy of special mention that OTEC technology is easily applicable in many industrial fields for recovery and saving of energy in lower temperature range and small thermal head. Directory: file -> fetch fetch -> 11 th Lit Semester 1 Final Study Guide!!! fetch -> Industrial Revolution Inventors fetch -> Analysis for Galveston Hurricane of 1900 fetch -> The Illuminators (Team 2) 1900 Galveston Hurricane Cycle a team Assignment fetch -> Team csi-utb ruth Reyes Jose Ferrer fetch -> Galveston Hurricane of 1900 Cycle a-teacher as a Problem Solver fetch -> Is Climate Change Starting a New Dust Bowl? 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