21st Century Grammar Handbook



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21st century grammar
21st century grammar, transformation, transformation, - - - .pdf;filename*= UTF-8''অনুবাদ চর্চা (প্রথম আলো পত্রিকা থেকে-২৯-০৩-২০২০)-1, 21st century grammar
Quotation mark. The punctuation marks used to set o quoted speech are called
“quotes” or quotation marks Yes Bloom said.”
Simple direct quotations are surrounded by double quotes (”), while further quotes within double-quote-marked sentences use single quotes (’), as in the example.
Further quotes within quotes within quotes would logically beset o by double quotes, but sentences of such complexity should rarely be imposed on readers.
Quotes are also used to mark single words, phrases, or clauses for emphasis—when they are being signaled as somehow suspect (You call that a dog when they are being treated as grammatical categories or words in themselves (“ That is a pronoun or for other emphatic purposes.
Note that other punctuation is placed before or after quote marks di erently,
depending on whether quotes surround fully quoted speech or emphasized words. A
fully quoted sentence or fragment has all its punctuation inside the quote marks,
including any ending punctuation Did you call the dog Call the dog I called the dog Similarly, fully quoted sentences or fragments that don’t end a sentence have all punctuation inside quotes Are you sure the judge asked Here the whole sentence ends with a period inside the double quotes as expected, and the sentence quoted ends with a question mark inside the single quotes that set it o . When a sentence is quoted and falls before and after the identi cation of the speaker, the rst part ends with a comma inside the quotes, and the rest ends with whatever punctuation is appropriate Your fence the neighbor shouted, is too high Similarly, if two sentences from the same speaker are quoted before and after the identi cation, all punctuation for the quoted sentences is within the quotes “‘Come

on in the host directed, Get comfortable When quotes are used to mark words for any other purpose than as a direct quotation, then end-of-sentence question marks and exclamation points do not fall within them Is this supposed to bean example of good writing The question mark is inside the double quotes that set o the whole example but outside the single quotes that here suggest doubts or irony about the words good writing Had the example ended with a period, however, it would have been inside both sets of quotation marks This is supposed to be good writing ”
Q.v. This abbreviation of the Latin words “quod vide” means which see It is better in modern writing to simply say, Please see or “See.”



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