Recognising the central role of teachers in improving the quality of education, in 2015-16 ODE completed a major review into the relationship between Australian assistance for teacher development and the expected outcomes of improved teacher effectiveness and student learning33. The Investing in Teachers evaluation identified that Australian education programming understands and responds well to contextual challenges. However, the evaluation identified that there was almost no data available on outcomes that could be attributed to DFAT’s teacher development investments. Recognising this weakness, DFAT’s management response to the evaluation has committed to champion teachers across its portfolio of work; and to improve monitoring and evaluation of the outcomes of specific teacher development investments. In 2016-17, DFAT will ensure ODE’s Investing in Teachers evaluation informs all new education designs and mid-term reviews and will commence work on at least two long-term studies on the effectiveness of investments in teacher development.
Figure 33: Education and health investment performance, 2015-16
Health
In 2015-16, Australia invested $565.3 million or 14 per cent of ODA in health, including in basic water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) through global, regional and bilateral mechanisms. Figure 34 shows areas of Australia’s health expenditure in 2015-16.
Health investments under the aid program are guided by the Health for Development Strategy 2015-2020. The strategy focuses on health systems strengthening to ensure services respond to people’s health needs; and to strengthen regional preparedness and capacity to respond to emerging health threats.
In 2015-16, Australia’s health assistance continued to deliver strong results, including the vaccination of 2.8 million children globally, increased access to safe water for over 1.79 million people and increased access to basic sanitation for over 1.77 million people. DFAT continued to explore innovative approaches to deliver improved health outcomes. For example, Timor-Leste’s nutrition pilot, ‘Hamutuk’ (meaning ‘together’), a $3 million program from 2015-19 jointly funded by DFAT’s innovationXchange is using targeted messaging through mobile and wireless platforms to monitor and change nutrition behaviours.
Figure 34: Health areas of expenditure, 2015-16
Funding continues to be channelled through global health partners, including the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund); Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; World Health Organization; UNFPA; UNAIDS; and the World Bank. Australia contributed $60 million of its $250 million 2016-20 pledge to Gavi in 2015-16, contributing to the immunisation of 65 million children globally, saving an estimated 900,000 lives. Australia contributed $85 million of its $200 million 2014-16 pledge to the Global Fund in 2015-16, helping to provide antiretroviral therapy for 1.1 million people with HIV/AIDS, treat 1.9 million people with TB and distribute 111 million bed nets to help prevent malaria, saving an estimated 3 million lives.
Health and medical research continues to be an investment priority with significant progress being made under three Product Development Partnerships (PDPs) that focus on high burden diseases in the Indo-Pacific region, specifically tuberculosis (TB) and malaria. The PDPs’ global public-private partnerships structure enables Australia to innovatively pool and leverage funding with other donor governments and philanthropic foundations for research and development in diseases that lack commercial value. Through this leveraging, Australia is able to multiply its investment impact – for example, for every US$1 invested in the Medicines for Malaria Venture, there is an investment impact of US$3.50. The PDPs recognised Australia’s leading edge in malaria and TB research, and have been actively engaging Australian researchers’ expertise over the last ten years in the development of advanced diagnostics, drugs and treatments. Collectively, these research activities will help lead to new and improved therapies to fight major disease challenges globally as well as in the region.
Product Development Partnerships (PDP)
Australia’s investment in PDP is supporting the introduction of the first-ever child-friendly paediatric formulated TB treatment by TB Alliance, and its partners. Prior to December 2015, there was no standard TB treatment for children. Paediatric treatment was estimated based on standard adult measure, resulting in crushed pills and inaccurate dosage. The new paediatric treatment is properly dosed and comes in various fruit flavours, dissolved in a glass of water, to be taken once a day for six months. At the country level, DFAT is supporting Papua New Guinea to pilot the introduction of this product at Port Moresby General Hospital ahead of a planned national roll-out.
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