Title: Traffic Injury Prevention

Title: Traffic Injury Prevention

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: Impact Factor

? Desapriya, E., Subzwari, S., Sasges, D., Basic, A., Alidina, A., Turcotte, K. and Pike, I. (2010), Do light truck vehicles (LTV) impose greater risk of pedestrian injury than passenger cars? A meta-analysis and systematic review. Traffic Injury Prevention, 11 (1), 48-56.

Full Text: 2010\Tra InjPre11, 48.pdf

Abstract: Objective: Pedestrian crashes present a growing challenge for public health trauma and road safety researchers around the world. They are associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and cost, yet there is an international lack of published work on the topic, especially when compared with vehicle occupant safety studies. Our review attempts to quantify the risk of fatal injury among vulnerable road users. The specific objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to quantify and compare the impact of light truck vehicles (LTVs) versus conventional cars on pedestrian fatal injury. Methods: A protocol was developed using methods of the Cochrane Collaboration. We conducted a search for the studies in bibliographic databases that included ATI (Australian Transport Index); Cochrane Injuries Group Specialized Register; EMBASE; ERIC; MEDLINE; National Research Register; PsycINFO; Road Res (ARRB); SIGLE; Science (and Social Science) Citation Index; TRANSPORT (NTIS, TRIS, TRANSDOC, IRRD). Web sites of traffic and road accident research bodies, government agencies, and injury prevention organizations were searched for grey literature. Reference lists from selected papers or topic reviews were scanned for potentially relevant papers. Results: Our initial search identified 878 potentially eligible studies. After thorough review by three of the researchers a total of 12 studies were included in the systematic review, 11 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled odds ratio for the risk of fatal injury in pedestrian collisions with LTVs compared to conventional cars was odds ratio 1.54, 95 percent confidence interval 1.15-1.93, p = 0.001. Thus, the risk for pedestrians of sustaining fatal injury is 50 percent greater in collisions with LTVs than in collisions with conventional cars. Conclusions: Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that LTVs pose a greater risk of pedestrian injury death compared to conventional cars. These findings have important implications for the automotive industry and the safety of vulnerable road users.

Keywords: Bumper Height, Citation, Collaboration, Collisions, Compatibility, Crashes, Databases, Determinants, Epidemiology, Front Design Modifications, Greater Mass, Impact, Increased Stiffness, Injury Prevention, Light Truck Vehicles, Literature, MEDLINE, Meta-Analysis, Older Pedestrians, Pedestrian Fatal Injury Crashes, Protection, Public Health, Research, Researchers, Review, Safety, Science, Sports-Utility Vehicles, Systematic Review, Topic, Transport, United-States

? Cazzulino, F., Burke, R.V., Muller, V., Arbogast, H. and Upperman, J.S. (2014), Cell phones and young drivers: A systematic review regarding the association between psychological factors and prevention. Traffic Injury Prevention, 15 (3), 234-242.

Full Text: 2014\Tra InjPre15, 234.pdf

Abstract: Objective: Cell phone use among young drivers has become increasingly common in recent years. Young people are the most likely to accept the use of new technology and least likely to understand the risks associated with cell phone use while driving (CPWD; defined here as talking on the phone only) and texting while driving (TextWD). Due to inexperience, young drivers are the most at risk when using cell phones while driving and therefore should be the target of the majority of prevention strategies. The intent of this review is to determine factors that influence young drivers to engage in CPWD and TextWD and suggest a basis for prevention campaigns and strategies that can effectively prevent current and future generations from using cell phones while driving. Methods: We conducted a search for original articles in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. All abstracts were reviewed and for those that met the inclusion criteria, full articles were obtained and assessed. Results: Four hundred and twelve articles were identified in the search and, of those, 37 full-text articles were obtained. A total of 29 articles about the frequency of CPWD and the psychological effects influencing young driver’s tendency to engage in CPWD were included. There was a high frequency of both CPWD and TextWD despite a high perceived risk of both behaviors. This discrepancy was explained by a high perceived controllability, the effect of social norms, call importance, and lack of effective law enforcement. The intervention strategies reviewed were also found to be ineffective over the long term. Conclusions: the systematic review reveals that young drivers are an at-risk group for distracted driving. We propose preventative strategies based on identifying factors that influence drivers to engage in CPWD and TextWD as well as by reviewing strategies found in the reviewed articles. Further research is necessary to determine the effectiveness of these proposed strategies.

Keywords: Cell Phone, College-Students, Crashes, Criteria, Distracted Driving, Driving, Effectiveness, Effects, Enforcement, Environmental, Factors, Health, Influence, Intervention, Law, Law Enforcement, Long Term, Long-Term, Methods, Mobile Phone, Norms, Novice, Occupational Health, Perceptions, Performance Decrements, Prevent, Prevention, Psychological, Pubmed, Recent, Research, Results, Review, Risk, Risks, Science, Social, States, Systematic Review, Talking, Technology, Teen Drivers, Teenager, Term, Texting, Transportation, USA, Web of Science, Youth