Title: Trimestre Economico

Title: Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

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? Ofokansi, K.C., Kenechukwu, F.C., Isah, A.B. and Okigbo, E.L. (2013), Formulation and evaluation of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan microparticles for the delivery of ibuprofen. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12 (1), 19-25.

Full Text: 2013\Tro J Pha Res12, 19.pdf

Abstract: Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research is indexed by Science Citation Index (Purpose: Toformulate glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan-based microparticles and evaluate its suitability for the delivery of ibuprofen, a BCS class II drug. Methods: Ibuprofen-loaded chitosan microparticles were prepared by emulsification-cross-linking technique using glutaraldehyde saturated toluene (GST) as the cross-linking agent. The microparticles were characterized with respect to morphology, particle size, microparticle yield and entrapment efficiency. The swelling behaviour of the particles and ibuprofen release were assessed in both simulated gastric fluid (SGF) without pepsin (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) without pancreatin (pH 7.4). Results: Discrete and free-flowing microparticles of size range 100.05 +/- 8.82 to 326.70 +/- 10.43 mu m were obtained. The microparticles had a high yield (69.2 to 99.2 %) and exhibited greater water sorption capacity in SIF (122.2 %) than in SGF (60 %). Furthermore, the microparticles cross-linked with 10 ml of GST entrapped the highest amount of drug (23.32 +/- 0.97 %) while those cross-linked with 25 ml GST had the highest yield of the microparticles (99.19 %), and highest water sorption in SIF (122.2 %). Up to 93.6 % of the entrapped drug was released in SIF from microparticles cross-linked with 25 ml of GST. Drug release from microparticles cross-linked with 20 and 30 ml each of GST showed a biphasic pattern. Conclusions: Entrapment of ibuprofen in glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan microparticles can be exploited to target and control the release of the drug and possibly reduce its gastro-erosive side effects.

Keywords: Bc, Beads, Behaviour, Capacity, Chitosan, Chitosan Microparticles, Citation, Control, Controlled-Release, Cross-Linked, Crosslinking, Delivery, Diclofenac Sodium, Drug, Drug-Delivery, Effects, Efficiency, Entrapment, Evaluation, Gastrointestinal, Glutaraldehyde, Ibuprofen, Journal, Microcapsules, Microparticle, Microparticles, Microspheres, Morphology, Oral Delivery, Particle Size, Particles, Pattern, PH, Pharmaceutical, Release, Research, Results, Science, Science Citation Index, Side Effects, Size, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Swelling, Toluene, Water

? Maroyi, A. (2014), Alternative medicines for HIV/AIDS in resource-poor settings: Insight from traditional medicines use in Sub-Saharan Africa. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13 (9), 1527-1536.

Full Text: 2014\Tro J Pha Res13, 1527.pdf

Abstract: Purpose: To document the utilization of traditional medicines in managing human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) opportunistic infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: This study is based on a review of literature published in scientific journals, books, reports from national, regional and international organizations, theses and conference papers obtained from libraries and electronic search of Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Scopus and Science Direct. Results: A total of 79 medical conditions related to HIV/AIDS were treated using 74 plant species. The common diseases treated by herbal remedies were bacterial/fungal infections, boosting of appetite/immunity, cold/cough, cryptococcal meningitis, diarrhea, fever, herpes simplex/zoster, oral/oesopharyngeal candidiasis, skin infections/rash, tuberculosis and wounds. More than three-quarters of the documented plant species (63 species, 85.1 %) have anti-HIV active compounds. Conclusion: This study reveals that traditional medicines are often used as alternative sources of medicines for HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Further investigations are needed to explore the bioactive compounds of these herbal medicines, aimed at exploring the bioactive compounds that can be developed into anti-HIV drugs.

Keywords: Active, Africa, Alternative, Anti-Hiv Activity, Antiretroviral, Antiviral Activity, Conference Papers, Diseases, Drugs, Fever, From, Google, Google Scholar, Herbal Medicines, Herpes-Simplex-Virus, Hiv, Aids, Human, In-Vitro, Infections, Integrase, International, Investigations, Isi, Isi Web Of Science, Journals, Literature, Medical, Medline, Meningitis, Methods, Papers, Plant, Plant-Extracts, Regional, Results, Reverse-Transcriptase, Review, Review Of Literature, Science, Scientific Journals, Scopus, Skin, Sources, Species, Sub-Saharan Africa, Syndrome, Traditional, Traditional Medicines, Tuberculosis, Type-1 Hiv-1, Utilization, Web, Web Of Science, Western Uganda

? Sweileh, W.M., Zyoud, S.H., Sawalha, A.F. and Al-Jabi, S.W. (2014), A bibliometric study of community pharmacy-based research activity in Middle Eastern Arab countries: 2003-2012. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13 (9), 1549-1554.

Full Text: 2014\Tro J Pha Res13, 1549.pdf

Abstract: Purpose: To analyze community pharmacy based research in Arab countries. Methods: Comprehensive review of the literature indexed by Scopus was conducted. Data from Jan 01, 2003 till December 31, 2013 was searched for documents with specific words pertaining to “community pharmacy” in any one of the 13 Middle Eastern Arab countries. The quality of publication was assessed using h-index obtained from Scopus and Impact Factor (IF) obtained from Journal Citation Report (JCR) Results: A total of 93 documents were retrieved with an h-index of 9. Thirty eight documents (40.9 %) were published in journals not listed in JCR and therefore had no IF. The sum of the IF of the 93 documents was 64.9 with a mean of 1.3 +/- 2.01. The total number of citations was 338 with a mean of 3.6 +/- 6.4 citations per document. The highest community pharmacy-based research was from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) (32.3 %) followed by United Arab Emirates (UAE) (17.2 %), Jordan (16.1 %), Kuwait (11.8 %) and Qatar (10.8 %). International cooperation was highest with Malaysia (9.7 %) followed by Pakistan (7.5 %), United Kingdom (UK) (8.6 %), and Australia (6.5 %). Conclusion: The quantity and quality of community pharmacy-based research originating from Middle Eastern Arab countries was low. More effort is needed to bridge the gap in community pharmacy-based research and to promote better community pharmacy services in Middle Eastern Arab countries.

Keywords: Activity, Arab Countries, Australia, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Review, Bibliometric Study, Bridge, Citation, Citations, Community, Community Pharmacy, Community Pharmacy Services, Cooperation, Countries, Data, Documents, From, H Index, H-Index, Impact, Impact Factor, International, International Cooperation, Jcr, Jordan, Journal, Journal Citation Report, Journals, Kuwait, Literature, Malaysia, Methods, Middle East, Middle Eastern Arab, Pakistan, Pharmacy, Publication, Quality, Quality Of, Research, Results, Review, Saudi Arabia, Scopus, Services, Till, UK, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom