Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat149, 482.pdf

Abstract: Aim of this study is the determination of the Cr(VI) removal efficiency of treated pine sawdust and also to find out the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of Cr(VI) removal process in batch systems. Sawdust has been treated with 1,5-disodium hydrogen phosphate before the adsorption experiments. The effects of initial concentration of Cr(VI) ion, temperature, amount of adsorbent and pH of the solution on adsorption have been investigated. Optimum conditions for adsorption were determined as T = 40 degrees C, sawdust dose = 4 g, pH 2, by using the results of these experiments and an additional set of experiments was performed under these optimum conditions in order to see the change in the adsorption efficiency. Removal of chromium ion was found as highly dependent on pH and initial Cr(VI) concentration of the solution. In order to find out thermodynamic and kinetic parameters equilibrium adsorption models were applied. Although experimental data confirm with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, they suit most on Langmuir isotherms. Adsorption rate constant was determined from Lagergren equation. Equilibrium constants, adsorption free energy, enthalpy and entropy change values were also determined. It was found that adsorption process follows first order kinetic and adsorption of Cr(VI) on sawdust has the spontaneous nature. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Water Pollution, Heavy Metals, Phosphate-Treated Sawdust, Adsorption Isotherms, Lagergren Equations, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Aqueous-Solutions, Waste-Water, Hexavalent Chromium, Activated Carbon, Competitive Biosorption, Heavy-Metals, Kinetics, Sawdust, Ions

? Arıca, M.Y. and Bayramoğlu, G. (2007), Biosorption of Reactive Red-120 dye from aqueous solution by native and modified fungus biomass preparations of Lentinus sajor-caju. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149 (2), 499-507.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat149, 499.pdf

Abstract: The capacities and mechanisms of native and treated white-rot fungus “Lentinus sajur-caju” biomass preparations in removing of textile dye (i.e. Reactive Red-120) from aqueous solution was investigated with different parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature and ionic strength. In the batch system, the maximum dye uptake on all the tested fungal biomass preparations was observed at pH 3.0, and the dye uptake capacities of the biosorbents (at 800 mg/l dye concentration) were found to be 117.8, 182.9, 138.6 and 57.2 mg/g for native and heat-, acid- and base-treated dry fungal preparations, respectively. The uptake capacities order of the fungal preparations for the dye were found as heat-treated > acid-treated > native > base-treated. The Langmuir, Freundlih and Temkin adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium. The Freundlich and Temkin models were able to describe the biosorption equilibrium of Reactive Red-120 on the fungal biomass preparations. The dye biosorption on the fungal biomass preparations followed second-order kinetic model and equation.

Keywords: Acid, Acid-Red-274 Ar-274, Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Models, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch System, Biomass, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Concentration, Dosage, Dye, Dye Biosorption, Dye Uptake, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Funalia-Trogii, Fungal, Fungal Biomass, Fungus, Heavy-Metals, Ionic Strength, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic-Models, Langmuir, Lentinus Sajor-Caju, Mechanisms, Model, Models, Modified, Order, Parameters, pH, Phanerochaete-Chrysosporium, Reactive Red 120, Reactive Red-120, Regression-Analysis, Removing, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Second Order, Strength, Temperature, Textile, Textile Dye, Uptake, White Rot, White Rot Fungus, White-Rot, White-Rot Fungi, White-Rot Fungus

? Tacal, Ö. and Özer, I. (2007), An assessment of the role of intracellular reductive capacity in the biological clearance of triarylmethane dyes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149 (2), 518-522.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat149, 518.pdf

Abstract: The second-order rate constants (at pH 7, 25C) for the reduction of three cationic triarylmethane dyes [pararosaniline (PR+), malachite green (MG⁺), methyl green (MeG⁺)] by NADH were 1.410^-2 to 6.710^-2 mM^-1 min^-1. Based on these values the intracellular nonenzymatic reduction of TAM⁺ to TAM-H by endogenous NADH was estimated to proceed with an average half-life of 30 min. Rapid and significant adduct formation was observed with the thiol, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), suggesting that the primary intracellular form of the dyes must be a thiol adduct and that the conversion to adduct form takes place within ms-s. These time frames, when compared to the min-h time frame for microbial clearance of triarylmethanes from culture media, suggest that transport must be the rate-limiting step in nonadsorptive (chemical) clearance of the dyes and that the presence of enzymes to complement the nonenzymatic reductive and adduct-forming activities cited serves a kinetically limited purpose. It appears that a superior catalytic scavenger will be one with a superior transport capacity.

Keywords: Assessment, Biological, Capacity, Chemical, Culture, Dyes, Half-Life, Malachite Green, Media, Methyl Green, Microbial, NADH, Pararosaniline, pH, Primary, Purpose, Rate Constants, Rate Limiting Step, Rate-Limiting Step, Reduction, Role, Second Order, Second-Order, Thiol Adduct, Transport, Transport Capacity, Triarylmethane Reductase

? Vilar, V.J.P., Botelho, C.M.S. and Boaventura, R.A.R. (2007), Chromium and zinc uptake by algae Gelidium and agar extraction algal waste: Kinetics and equilibrium. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149 (3), 643-649.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat149, 643.pdf

Abstract: Biosorption of chromium and zinc ions by an industrial algal waste, from agar extraction industry has been studied in a batch system. This biosorbent was compared with the algae Gelidium itself, which is the raw material for agar extraction, and the industrial waste immobilized with polyacrylonitrile (composite material). Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich equilibrium models describe well the equilibrium data. The parameters of Langmuir equilibrium model at pH 5.3 and 20C were for the algae, q(L)=18 mg Cr(III) g^-1 and 13 mgZn(II) g^-1, K-L=0.0211 mg^-1 Cr(III) and 0.0261 mg^-1 Zn(II); for the algal waste, q(L)=12 mg Cr(III) g^-1 and 7 mg Zn(II) g^-1, K-L=0.0331 mg^-1 Cr(III) and 0.0421 mg^-1 Zn(II); for the composite material, q(L)=9 mg Cr(III) g^-1 and 6 mg Zn(II)g^-1, K-L=0.0321 mg^-1 Cr(III) and 0.0341 mg^-1 Zn(II). The biosorbents exhibited a higher preference for Cr(III) ions and algae Gelidium is the best one. The pseudo-first-order Lagergren and pseudo-second-order models fitted well the kinetic data for the two metal ions. Kinetic constants and equilibrium uptake concentrations given by the pseudo-second-order model for an initial Cr(III) and Zn(II) concentration of approximately 100 mg l^-1, at pH 5.3 and 20C were k(2,ads) =0.04 g mg^-1 Cr(III) min^-1 and 0.07 g mg^-1 Zn(II) min^-1, q(eq)=11.9 mg Cr(III) g^-1 and 9.5 mg Zn(II) g^-1 for algae; k(2,ads) =0.17 g mg^-1 Cr(III) min^-1 and 0.19 g mg^-1 Zn(II) min^-1, q(eq)=8.3 mg Cr(III) g^-1 and 5.6 mg Zn(II) g^-1 for algal waste; k(2,ads)=0.01 g mg^-1 Cr(III) min^-1 and 0.18 g mg^-1 Zn(II) min^-1, q(eq)=8.0 mg Cr(III) g^-1 and 4.4 mg Zn(II) g^-1 for composite material. Biosorption was modelled using a batch adsorber mass transfer kinetic model, which successfully predicts Cr(III) and Zn(H) concentration profiles. The calculated average homogeneous diffusivities, D-h, were 4.210^-8, 8.310^-8 and 1.410^-8 cm² s^-1 for Cr(III) and 4.810^-8, 9.710^-8 and 6.210^-1 cm² s^-1 for Zn(II), respectively, for Gelidium, algal waste and composite material. The algal waste has the lower intraparticle resistance. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Algae, Algae Gelidium, Algal Waste, Batch, Batch System, Biosorbent, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Chromium, Chromium(III), Composite, Concentration, Cr(III), Cr(III) Ions, Data, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Model, Equilibrium Models, Extraction, Gelidium, Immobilized, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir-Freundlich, Mass Transfer, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Models, pH, Preference, Profiles, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Resistance, Uptake, Waste, Zinc, Zinc(II), Zn(II)

? Aarthi, T., Narahari, P. and Madras, G. (2007), Photocatalytic degradation of Azure and Sudan dyes using nano TiO₂. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149 (3), 725-734.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat149, 725.pdf

Abstract: The present study investigates the dependence of photocatalytic rate on molecular structure of the substrate that is degraded. The photocatalytic degradation of Azure (A and B) and Sudan (III and IV) dyes, having similar structure, but different functional groups, were investigated with two catalysts. The photocatalytic activity of solution combustion synthesized TiO₂ (CS TiO₂) was compared with that of Degussa P-25 for degrading these dyes. The effect of solvents and mixed-solvent system on photodegradation of Sudan III was investigated. The photodegradation rate was found to be higher in solvents with higher polarity. The effect of pH and the presence of metal ions in the form of chloride and nitrate salt, on degradation rate of Azure A was also investigated. The metal ions significantly reduced the photocatalysis rates. A detailed Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model has been developed to explain the effect of metal ions on degradation rate of the substrate. This model elucidates the contribution of holes and electrons towards degradation of the dye.

Keywords: Azure, Chloride, Combustion, Combustion Synthesis, Degradation, Dye, Dye Degradation, Dyes, Functional Groups, Ions, IV, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Nano, Nano-TiO₂, Nitrate, pH, Photocatalysis, Photocatalytic, Photocatalytic Activity, Photocatalytic Degradation, Photodegradation, Rates, Salt, Solution, Structure, Sudan, TiO₂

? Orozco, A.M.F., Contreras, E.A. and Zaritzky, N.E. (2008), Modelling Cr(VI) removal by a combined carbon-activated sludge system. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150 (1), 46-52.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat150, 46.pdf

Abstract: The combined carbon-activated sludge process has been proposed as an alternative to protect the biomass against toxic substances in wastewaters; however, the information about the effect of powdered-activated carbon (PAC) addition in activated sludge reactors for the treatment of wastewaters containing Cr(VI) is limited. The objectives of the present study were: (a) to evaluate the removal of hexavalent chromium by (i) activated sludge microorganisms in aerobic batch reactors,(II) powdered-activated carbon, and(III) the combined action of powdered-activated carbon and biomass; (b) to propose mathematical models that interpret the experimental results. Different Cr(VI) removal systems were tested: (S1) biomass (activated sludge), (S2) PAC, and (S3) the combined activated carbon-biomass system. A Monod-based mathematical model was used to describe the kinetics of Cr(VI) removal in the system S1. A first-order kinetics with respect to Cr(VI) and PAC respectively, was proposed to model the removal of Cr(VI) in the system S2. Cr(VI) removal in the combined carbon-biomass system (S3) was faster than both Cr(VI) removal using PAC or activated sludge individually. Results showed that the removal of Cr(VI) using the activated carbon-biomass system (S3) was adequately described by combining the kinetic equations proposed for the systems S I and S2. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Sludge, Adsorption, Aerobic, Aqueous-Solution, Behavior, Biomass, Chromium, Chromium Removal, Combined Activated Carbon-Biomass System, Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Removal, Experimental, First Order, Hexavalent, Hexavalent Chromium, Information, Kinetic, Kinetic Equations, Kinetics, Mathematical Model, Microorganisms, Model, Pac, Powdered Activated Carbon, Pure Cultures, Reduction, Removal, Treatment, Waste-Water

? Kumar, K.V., Porkodi, K. and Rocha, F. (2008), Comparison of various error functions in predicting the optimum isotherm by linear and non-linear regression analysis for the sorption of Basic Red 9 by activated carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150 (1), 158-165.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat150, 158.pdf

Abstract: A comparison of linear and non-linear regression method in selecting the optimum isotherm was made to the experimental equilibrium data of basic red 9 sorption by activated carbon. The r(2) was used to select the best fit linear theoretical isotherm. In the case of non-linear regression method, six error functions namely coefficient of determination (r(2)), hybrid fractional error function (HYBRID), Marquardt’s percent standard deviation (MPSD), the average relative error (ARE), sum of the errors squared (ERRSQ) and sum of the absolute errors (EABS) were used to predict the parameters involved in the two and three parameter isotherms and also to predict the optimum isotherm. Non-linear regression was found to be a better way to obtain the parameters involved in the isotherms and also the optimum isotherm. For two parameter isotherm, MPSD was found to be the best error function in minimizing the error distribution between the experimental equilibrium data and predicted isotherms. In the case of three parameter isotherm, r2 was found to be the best error function to minimize the error distribution structure between experimental equilibrium data and theoretical isotherms. The present study showed that the size of the error function alone is not a deciding factor to choose the optimum isotherm. In addition to the size of error function, the theory behind the predicted isotherm should be verified with the help of experimental data while selecting the optimum isotherm. A coefficient of non-determination, K-2 was explained and was found to be very useful in identifying the best error function while selecting the optimum isotherm. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Analysis, Carbon, Comparison, Data, Determination, Distribution, Equilibrium, Error, Error Function, Errors, Experimental, Function, Functions, Hybrid, Isotherm, Isotherms, Linear Regression, Non-Linear, Non-Linear Regression, Nonlinear Regression, Regression, Regression Analysis, Size, Sorption, Standard, Structure, Theory, Three Parameter Isotherm, Two Parameter Isotherm

? Al Momani, F., Smith, D.W. and Gamal El-Din, M. (2008), Degradation of cyanobacteria toxin by advanced oxidation processes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150 (2), 238-249.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat150, 238.pdf

Abstract: Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using O₃, H₂O₂, O₃/H₂O₂, O₃/Fe(II), and Fenton treatment were investigated for the degradation of aqueous solutions of cyanobacteria. The effects of concentration of reactants, temperature, and pH on toxins degradation were monitored and the reaction kinetics was assessed. O₃ alone or combined with either H₂O₂ or Fe(II) were efficient treatment for toxins elimination. A higher toxin oxidation tendency was observed with Fenton reaction; total toxins degradation (MC-LR and MC-RR) was achieved in only 60s. The ozonation treatment was successfully described by second-order kinetics model, with a first-order with respect to the concentration of either ozone or toxin. At 20C, with initial concentration of MC-LR of 1 mg/L, the overall second-order reaction rate constant ranged from 6.7910⁴ to 3.4910³ M^-1 s^-1 as the solution pH increased from 2 to 11. The reaction kinetics of the other AOPs (O₃/H₂O₂, O₃/Fe(II), and Fenton), were fitted to pseudo first-order kinetics. A rapid reaction was observed to took place at higher initial concentrations of O₃, H₂O₂ and Fe(II), and higher temperatures. At pH 3, initial concentration of toxin of 1 mg/L, the pseudo first-order rate constant, achieved by Fenton process, was in order of 8.760.7 s^-1.

Keywords: Aqueous Solutions, Concentration, Cyanobacteria, Degradation, Fenton, First Order, First-Order Kinetics, Hydroxyl Radical (OH), Kinetics, Kinetics Model, Model, Oxidation, Ozone, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo First-Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Rate Constant, Reaction Kinetics, Reaction Rate Constant, Second Order, Second Order Kinetics, Second-Order, Second-Order Kinetics, Solution, Solutions, Temperature, Toxin, Treatment

? Rovira, M., Giménez, J., Martínez, M., Martínez-Lladó, X., de Pablo, J., Marti, V. and Duro, L. (2008), Sorption of selenium(IV) and selenium(VI) onto natural iron oxides: Goethite and hematite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150 (2), 279-284.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat150, 279.pdf

Abstract: Selenium is a toxic element with a relatively high mobility in the natural waters. Iron oxy-hydroxides might play an important role in the migration of this element as well as on its removal from contaminated water. In this work we study the interaction of Se(IV), and Se(VI) with natural iron oxides hematite and goethite through two series of batch experiments at room temperature. In the first series, sorption as a function of initial selenium concentration is studied and the results have been fitted with Langmuir isotherms. In a second series of experiments, sorption is studied as a function of pH, being the main trend an increase of the sorption at acidic pH. The variation of the sorption with pH has been modelled with a triple layer surface complexation model and using the FITEQL program. The experimental data have been modelled considering for the Se(IV) the formation of the FeOSe(O)O- complex onto the hematite surface, and a mixture of FeOSe(O)O-, and FeOSe(O)OH onto the goethite surface. For Se(VI) the surface complex considered is FeOH₂⁺-SeO₄^2- on both goethite and hematite. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Aqueous-Solutions, Complexation, Consistent, Hematite, Interaction, Interface, Iron, Iron Oxides, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Mechanisms, Metal Sorption, Mobility, Model, pH, Removal, Selenate Adsorption, Selenium, Sorption, Speciation, Sulfate, Surface Complexation, Temperature, Water

? Nadeem, R., Hanif, M.A., Shaheen, F., Perveen, S., Zafar, M.N. and Iqbal, T. (2008), Physical and chemical modification of distillery sludge for Pb(II) biosorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150 (2), 335-342.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat150, 335.pdf

Abstract: The waste distillery sludge from sugar-cane industry was pretreated physically (boiled, heated and autoclaved) as well as chemically (HCl, H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, AI(OH)₃, C₆H₆, HCHO, CH₃OH and Cl₂H₂₅OSO₃Na (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) for assessing the comparative sorption capacity of untreated and modified distillery sludge for Pb(II) biosorption from aqueous solutions. Experiments were conducted in shake flasks on a batch basis to access the effect of different experimental parameters such as pH, biosorbent dosage, biosorbent size, initial Pb(II) concentration and contact time. The uptake capacity ‘q’ (mg/g) of untreated and pretreated distillery sludge was in following order: NaOH (51.29  1.21) > HCl (49.82  1.22) > HCHO (49.56  1.14) > H₂SO₄ (47.71  1.20) > HgCl₂ (45.32  1.06) > Ca(OH)₂ (44.01  1.18) > MeOH (43.73  1.23) > C6H6 (42.72  1.19) > H₃PO₄ (42.01  1.17) > SDS (40.87  1.27) > autoclaved (40.23  1.24) > Boiled (39.95  1.19) > heated (38.87  1.32) > Al (OH)₃ (38.30  1.14) > untreated (37.76  1.21). In further parameter studies, the optimized biosorbent size was 0.250 mm at pH 5 and best dose was 0.05 g of biosorbent. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich models for sorption process was tested and best fitted model was Langmuir with the coefficient of determination (R-2) value, 0.97, the process followed second order kinetic mechanism. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated-Sludge, Alginate Beads, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solutions, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Distillery Sludge, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead, Mechanism, Modification, Mucor-Rouxii, Pb(II), pH, Plant Biomass, Pretreatment, Removal, Size, Sludge, Sorption, Sorption Isotherms, Waste-Water

? Mittal, A., Gajbe, V. and Mittal, J. (2008), Removal and recovery of hazardous triphenylmethane dye, Methyl Violet through adsorption over granulated waste materials. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150 (2), 364-375.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat150, 364.pdf

Abstract: Bottom Ash a power plant waste material and De-Oiled Soya, an agricultural waste product have been successfully used for the removal and recovery of a hazardous triphenylmethane dye--Methyl Violet, from wastewaters. The characterization of each adsorbent has been carried out by I.R. and D.T.A. curves. Batch adsorption studies have been made by measuring effects of pH, sieve size, amount of adsorbent, contact time, temperature, concentration of the adsorbate solution, etc. Kinetic studies have been used to determine the nature of rate controlling step of the processes and confirm the applicability of the first order rate expression in the ongoing adsorption process. Various thermodynamic parameters have also been calculated by applying the linear forms of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The linear nature of adsorption isotherms obtained shows the dependence of the processes on the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Furthermore, to ascertain the adsorption processes to be particle diffusion or film diffusion mechanism, Boyd and Reichenberg’s expressions have been applied. For both the adsorbents, column operations have been carried out for the bulk removal of the dye. The adsorbed dye has been recovered by eluting hydrochloric acid of pH 3 through exhausted columns.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Process, Agricultural, Agricultural Waste, Batch Adsorption, Bottom Ash, Characterization, Column, Concentration, De-Oiled Soya, Diffusion, Dye, Expression, Film Diffusion, First, First Order, Forms, Freundlich, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Mechanism, Methyl Violet, Models, Particle Diffusion, pH, Plant, Power, Power Plant, Recovery, Removal, Size, Solution, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Triphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane Dye, Waste, Waste Material, Waste Materials, Wastewaters

? Dahiya, S., Tripathi, R.M. and Hegde, A.G. (2008), Biosorption of heavy metals and radionuclide from aqueous solutions by pre-treated arca shell biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150 (2), 376-386.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat150, 376.pdf

Abstract: In this study biosorption potential of pre-treated arca shell biomass for lead, copper, nickel, cobalt and cesium was explored from the artificially prepared solution containing known amount of metals. The effects of pH, initial concentration, biosorbent dosage and contact time were studied in batch experiments. Effects of common ions like sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium on the sorption capacity of pre-treated arca biomasses were also studied. To analyse the homogeneity of the biomaterial, experiments were performed for eight lots arca shell biomass for all the studies elements and it was observed that relative standard deviation in uptake capacity was within 10% for all elements. At equilibrium, the maximum total uptake by shell biomaterial was 18.33±0.44, 17.64±0.31, 9.86±0.17, 3.93±0.11 and 7.82±0.36 mg/g for lead, copper, nickel, cesium and cobalt, respectively, under the optimised condition of pH, initial concentration, biosorbent dose and contact time. Effect of all the common ions jointly up to concentration of 50 ppm was negligible for all the elements but at higher levels the cations affects the uptake capacity. Sorption isotherms were studied to explain the removal mechanism of both elements by fitting isotherms data into Lagergren, Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Halls separation factor estimated under optimised condition also favours the sorption potential of these elements using area shell biomass. Arca shell biomass can be effectively and efficiently employed for removal of studied elements after optimisation of parameters. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Copper, Lead, Nickel, Cesium, Cobalt, Lagergren, Langmuir, Freundlich Isotherm, Marine-Algae, Removal, Copper(II), Adsorption, Sorption, Cu(II), Equilibrium, Nickel, Waste, Ions

? Hatay, I., Gup, R. and Ersöz, M. (2008), Silica gel functionalized with 4-phenylacetophynone 4-aminobenzoylhydrazone: Synthesis of a new chelating matrix and its application as metal ion collector. Journal of Hazardous Materials,