Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 672.pdf

Abstract: Biosorption of Mn(II) from aqueous solutions using Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus xylosus and Blakeslea trispora cells was investigated under various experimental conditions of pH, biomass concentration, contact time and temperature. The optimum pH value was determined to 6.0 and the optimum biomass concentration to 1.0 g L^-1 for all types of cells. Mn(II) biosorption was found to fit better to the Langmuir model for Pseudomonas sp. and B. trispora and to Freundlich model for S. xylosus. Langmuir model gave maximum Mn(II) uptake capacity 109 mg g^-1 for Pseudomonas sp. and much lower. 59 mg g^-1 and 40 mg g^-1 for S. xylosus and B. trispora, respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was also found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption confirmed the endothermic nature of sorption process with positive heat of enthalpy, accompanied by a positive value of entropy change. Interestingly, desorption experiments by treating biomass with 0.1 M HNO₃ solution resulted to more than 88% recovery of the adsorbed Mn(II) from Pseudomonas sp. and almost 95% and 99% from S. xylosus and B. trispora cells respectively, thus indicating that Mn(II) can be easily and quantitatively recovered from biomass. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Biomass, Biosorption, Blakeslea Trispora, Cadmium, Capacity, Carbon, Cd(II), Concentration, Copper, Cr(VI), Desorption, Endothermic, Enthalpy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experiments, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Heavy-Metal Ions, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Studies, L1, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Mn(II), Model, Ni(II), pH, pH Value, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Pseudomonas sp., Recovery, Rights, Single, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Sorption Process, Staphylococcus Xylosus, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Uptake, Value

? Alothman, Z.A. and Apblett, A.W. (2010), Metal ion adsorption using polyamine-functionalized mesoporous materials prepared from bromopropyl-functionalized mesoporous silica. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 581-590.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 581.pdf

Abstract: Mesoporous silicas carrying di-, tri-, or penta-amine functional groups were prepared by prior functionalization of a mesoporous silica with bromopropyl-functional groups followed by nucleophilic displacement of the bromine atoms by ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, or tetraethylenepentamine, respectively. A synthetic method was developed that gave a starting material with very high surface coverage by the 3-brompropyl groups. Batch tests were conducted to investigate the capabilities of the prepared adsorbents for the removal of copper, zinc, and cadmium from aqueous solutions. The metal adsorption capacities for these metals were determined as a function of the polyamine group used and the total nitrogen content. The tendency to chemisorb divalent metal ions was found to follow the order: Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+. It was found that the ethylenediamine derivative unexpectedly exhibited the highest capacities. The metal sorption by the ethylenediamine functionalized silica was found to follow first order kinetics with rate constants for Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ uptake of 0.028, 0.019, and 0.014 min(-1), respectively. The substituted mesoporous silicas showed high resistance to leaching of the grafted polyamine groups. Copper ions that were adsorbed at the surface of the mesoporous silicas can be recovered by washing with an aqueous solution of 1.0 M HNO3. The activities of the recovered mesoporous silicas were between 80 and 90% of the original materials. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Amine, Aqueous Solutions, Bromopropyl, Cadmium, Catalysts, Cd²⁺, Copper, Kinetics, Ligands, MCM-41, Mesoporous, Metal Adsorption, Metal Ion, Metal Ions, Monolayers, NMR, OSU-6-W, Removal, Silica, Sorption, Structural-Characterization, Zinc

? Li, J.P., Lin, Q.Y. and Zhang, X.H. (2010), Mechanism of electron transfer in the bioadsorption of hexavalent chromium within Leersia hexandra Swartz granules by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 598-602.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 598.pdf

Abstract: Leersia hexandra Swartz biogranules were used to adsorb Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Batch biosorption experiments showed that the Cr(VI) concentration sharply decreases in the first 15 min. The main functional groups that may be involved in chromium sorption were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) through L hexandra Sw. Results indicate that Cr(III) is the dominant species on the surface of the biogranules and that the redox reaction can be accomplished within 40 min. The mechanism of electron transfer during Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) was investigated. Protonation of the oxygen-containing groups produces electrostatic-sorption power over Cr(VI). The nitrogen-containing groups serve as the electrondonor groups in the process of reduction-sorption. Moreover, after the complete reduction of Cr(VI), the pH of the suspension significantly increases. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solutions, Aspergillus-Niger, Binding, Bioadsorption, Biosorption, Chromium, Complete, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Dead Fungal Biomass, Fourier Transform Infrared, Hexavalent Chromium, Infrared, Leersia Hexandra Swartz, Mechanism, pH, Reduction, Reduction, Removal, Sorption, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

? Athanasekou, C.P., Romanos, G.E., Kordatos, K., Kasselouri-Rigopoulou, V., Kakizis, N.K. and Sapalidis, A.A. (2010), Grafting of alginates on UF/NF ceramic membranes for wastewater treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 611-623.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 611.pdf

Abstract: The mechanism of heavy metal ion removal in processes involving multi-layered tubular ultrafiltration and nanofiltration (UF/NF) membranes was investigated by conducting retention experiments in both flow-through and cross-flow modes. The prospect of the regeneration of the membranes through an acidic process was also examined and discussed. The UF/NF membranes were functionalised with alginates to develop hybrid inorganic/organic materials for continuous, single pass, wastewater treatment applications. The challenge laid in the induction of additional metal adsorption and improved regeneration capacity. This was accomplished by stabilizing alginates either into the pores or on the top-separating layer of the membrane. The preservation of efficient water fluxes at moderate trans-membrane pressures introduced an additional parameter that was pursued in parallel to the membrane modification process. The deposition and stabilization of alginates was carried out via physical (filtration/cross-linking) and chemical (grafting) procedures. The materials developed by means of the filtration process exhibited a 25-60% enhancement of their Cd2+ binding capacity, depending on the amount of the filtered alginate solution. The grafting process led to the development of alginate layers with adequate stability under acidic regeneration conditions and metal retention enhancement of 25-180%, depending on the silane involved as grafting agent and the solvent of silanisation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acidic Regeneration, Adsorption, Alginates, Aqueous-Solution, Biosorption, Chromatography, Exclusion, Grafting, Heavy Metal, Heavy-Metals, Metal Adsorption, Metal Retention, Modified Silica, Nanofiltration Membrane, Phases, Regeneration, Removal, Retention, Silanes, Treatment, UF, NF Membranes, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, Water

? Zahrim, A.Y., Tizaoui, C. and Hilal, N. (2010), Evaluation of several commercial synthetic polymers as flocculant aids for removal of highly concentrated CI Acid Black 210 dye. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 624-630.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 624.pdf

Abstract: The removal of C.I. Acid Black 210 dye from highly concentrated solutions was studied using a coagulation/flocculation process. Aluminium sulphate was used as a primary coagulant and five commercial polymers were used as flocculant aids. The five commercial polymers were ACCEPTA 2058 (poly-diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride), ACCEPTA 2047 (high molecular mass (MM) anionic polyacrylamide), ACCEPTA 2111 (high MM cationic polyacrylamide). ACCEPTA 2105 (Low-medium MM cationic polyacrylamide) and ACCEPTA 2037 (Composite of high MM cationic polyacrylamide-inorganic salt(s)). The five polymers behaved differently and they showed maximum colour removal increment in the order: ACCEPTA 2058 > ACCEPTA 2037 > ACCEPTA 2111 approximate to ACCEPTA 2047 > ACCEPTA 2105. Results also showed that the aluminium sulphate is important as primary coagulant and settling time has significant effect on the dye removal. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aluminium, Ci Acid Black 210 Dye, Coagulation Processes, Color Removal, Decolorization, Dye, Flocculant, Industrial Wastewater, Polyacrylamide, Polyelectrolytes, Polymers, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Reuse, Reverse-Osmosis, Synthetic Polymers, Textile Waste-Water

? Soylak, M. and Yilmaz, E. (2010), Sorbent extraction of 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR)-metal chelates on Diaion SP-850 adsorption resin in order to preconcentration/separation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 704-709.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 704.pdf

Abstract: A sensitive and simple separation-enrichment technique for the determination of trace amounts of some metal ions was described. By the passage of aqueous samples including Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions-4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR) chelates through Diaion SP-850 column, metal chelates adsorb quantitatively and almost all matrix elements were passed through the column to drain. Quantitative recoveries for analyte ions were obtained at pH 6 at 3 ml/min flow rate of sample solution in 0.5 g Diaion SP-850 filled glass column. The investigations were also carried out on the interferences from other concomitant ions in the sorption process. After optimization, a preconcentration factor of 60 and a recovery values as % higher than 95 were achieved. The detection limit (N = 10, 3 sigma) for Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) were found as 3.6, 1.1, 2.8 and 2.3 mu g l(-1), respectively. The applications to the determination of iron, copper, nickel and cobalt in real samples and the validation of the analytical methodology employing NIST SRM 1549 milk powder, NIST RM 8433 Corn Bran and BCR 144R Sewage sludge of domestic origin as certified reference materials were performed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 4-(2-Thiazolylazo) Resorcinol, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Atomic-Absorption-Spectrometry, BCR, Cloud Point Extraction, Co(II), Column, Copper, Diaion SP-850, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Food Samples, Metal Ions, Modified Amberlite XAD-7HP, Nickel, pH, Preconcentration, Solid-Phase Extraction, Sorption, Spectrophotometric Determination, Trace Amounts, Trace Metal, Water Samples

? Nguyen, T.V., Vigneswaran, S., Ngo, H.H. and Kandasamy, J. (2010), Arsenic removal by iron oxide coated sponge: Experimental performance and mathematical models. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 723-729.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 723.pdf

Abstract: Millions of people worldwide are at risk from the presence of arsenic in groundwater. In this study, adsorption equilibrium and long term experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of iron oxide coated sponge (IOCSp) in arsenic removal. It was found that maximum adsorption capacity of IOCSp for As(III) and As(V) calculated by Sips isotherm was 4.2 and 4.6 mg/g of IOCSp, respectively. A filter packed with small amount of 25 g IOCSp maintained a consistent arsenic removal efficiency of 95% from synthetic solution containing arsenic concentration of as high as 1000 mu g/L. This produced a throughput volume of 153 and 178 L of water containing As(III) and As(V), respectively before any need for regeneration or disposal of IOCSp. IOCSp could be regenerated by washing it with NaOH solution. The dynamic (column) adsorption kinetics were successfully predicted by the Thomas and Nikolaidis modified models. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Alumina, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Aqueous-Solutions, Arsenic, As(III), As(V) Removal, Cement Iocc, Drinking Water, Drinking-Water, Equilibrium, Fixed-Bed Adsorption, Iron Oxide Coated Sponge (IOCSP), Isotherm, Kinetics, Modeling, Red Mud, Regeneration, Removal, Water, Zero-Valent Iron

? Jain, R., Gupta, V.K. and Sikarwar, S. (2010), Adsorption and desorption studies on hazardous dye Naphthol Yellow S. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 749-756.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 749.pdf

Abstract: In the present study, the batch technique was adopted under a variety of conditions, viz., amount of adsorbent, contact time, concentration, temperature and pH. By using UV spectrophotometer, concentration of dye was measured before and after adsorption. Dye removal data were fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations. The values of their corresponding constants were determined. Thermodynamic parameters like free energy (Delta G), enthalpy (Delta H) and entropy (Delta S) of the systems were calculated by using Langmuir constant. The estimated values for (Delta G) were -8.027 x 10(3) and -28.46 x 10(3) kJ mol(-1) over activated carbon and activated de-oiled mustard at 303 K (30 degrees C), indicate toward a spontaneous process. The adsorption process followed pseudo-first-order model. The values of % removal and k(ad) for dye systems were calculated at different temperatures ranging (303-323 K). Desorption studies indicate that elution by dilute NaOH through the fixed bed of the adsorbents columns could be regenerated and a quantitative recovery of Naphthol Yellow S can be achieved. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Aluminum-Industry Waste, Aqueous-Solutions, Basic Fuchsin, Batch, Bottom Ash, COD, Contact Time, De-Oiled Mustard, Desorption, Dye, Fly-Ash, Freundlich, Isotherm, Langmuir, Methylene-Blue, Naphthol Yellow S, pH, Reactive Dye, Reactofix-Golden-Yellow-3 RFN, Removal, Rhodamine-B, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters

? Zhao, Q., Yang, K. and Li, P.J. (2010), Enhanced soil retention for o-nitroaniline by the addition of a mixture of a cationic surfactant (Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride) and a nonionic surfactant (Polyethylene Glycol Mono-4-nonylphenyl Ether). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 757-762.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 757.pdf

Abstract: The sorption enhancement of o-nitroaniline on a soil by the addition of a mixture of a cationic surfactant (Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride, CPC) and a nonionic surfactant (Polyethylene Glycol Mono-4-nonylphenyl Ether. P0707), as compared with that by individual CPC and P0707, was investigated to examine their potential application in soil retarding for organic contaminants. The maximum sorption coefficients (K-d*) of o-nitroaniline on modified soils by individual CPC and P0707 were 110 mL g(-1) at an added CPC dose of 6000 mg L-1 and 12.5 mL g(-1) at an added P0707 dose of 7000 mg L-1, respectively. They were approximately 78 and 8.87 times higher than the sorption coefficients (K-d) of o-nitroaniline on the unmodified soil (1.41 mL g(-1)), suggesting that CPC and P0707 can enhance the sorptive capacity of soil for o-nitroaniline. The maximum K-d* value of o-nitroaniline on modified soils by the mixture of CPC and P0707 was 144 mg L-1 (at CPC dose of 10,500 mg L-1 and P0707 dose of 6000 mg L-1), which is higher than that on the CPC (or P0707) modified soils and approximately 102 times higher than that on the un-modified soil. Therefore, mixed cationic-nonionic surfactants could be better than individual ones in soil modification to enhance retention of organic contaminants. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Behavior, Binary, Cationic Surfactant, Clay, Contaminants, Equilibria, Ionic Organic-Compounds, Mixed Micelle Formation, Nonionic Surfactant, O-Nitroaniline, Polycyclic Aromatic-Hydrocarbons, Retention, Soil, Soils, Sorption, Sorption, Triton X-100, Water

? Rujirawanich, V., Chavadej, S., O’Haver, J.H. and Rujiravanit, R. (2010), Removal of trace Cd²⁺ using continuous multistage ion foam fractionation: Part I-The effect of feed SDS/Cd molar ratio. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 812-819.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 812.pdf

Abstract: In this research, a continuous multistage ion foam fractionation column with bubble-cap trays was employed to remove cadmium ions from simulated wastewater having cadmium ions at a low level (10 mg/L). In this study, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used to generate the foam. An increase in feed SDS/Cd molar ratio enhanced the removal of Cd. However, the SDS concentration above a certain level resulted in wetter foams, leading to having a high volume of generated foam that lowered both the enrichment ratio and separation factor of the Cd. The SDS recovery tended to increase with increasing feed SDS/Cd molar ratio. The molar ratio of SDS/Cd in foamate was found to be close to the theoretical adsorption molar ratio of 2/1 on the air-water interface of foam when the system was operated at a feed SDS/Cd molar ratio in the range of 2/1-7/1. Ion foam fractionation has been demonstrated in this study to be a promising technique for high heavy metal removal (more than 99%) for a feed having a low heavy metal concentration in the ppm (mg/L) level. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Cadmium, Cadmium Removal, Copper Removal, Dodecyl-Sulfate, Enhanced Ultrafiltration, Flotation, Heavy Metal, Interface, Ion Foam Fractionation, Metal Removal, Permeate, Removal, Research, Separation, Sodium Dodecylsulfate, System, Wastewater, Water

? Ibrahim, H.S., Jamil, T.S. and Hegazy, E.Z. (2010), Application of zeolite prepared from Egyptian kaolin for the removal of heavy metals: II. Isotherm models. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 842-847.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 842.pdf

Abstract: In this study, the adsorption behavior of zeolites A and X. which are prepared from very cheap local Egyptian clay (kaolin), with respect to Cu2+, Cd+2, Cr+2, Ni+2 and Zn2+ has been studied. The batch method has been employed, using metal solutions ranging from 100 to 400 mg/L The distribution coefficients (K-d) and adsorption percent were determined for the adsorption system as a function of sorbate concentration. In the uptake evaluation part of the study, adsorption ratios of metal cations on zeolites A and X match to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich (DKR) adsorption isotherm data. Also, every cation exchange capacity for metals has been calculated. According to the equilibrium studies, the selectivity sequence can be given as Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. It was found that the uptake depend on hydrated ion diameter. This study may attract more interest due to the presence of large reservoirs of very cheap kaolin in Egypt from which both zeolite types were prepared. (c) 2010 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Aqueous-Solution, Batch, Cation Exchange, Clay, Egyptian Kaolin, Equilibrium, Evaluation, Freundlich, Heavy Metals, Ion-Exchange, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Natural Clinoptilolite, Ni²⁺, Removal, Selectivity, Silver(I), Sorption, Synthetic Zeolites, System, Zeolite

? Boels, L., Tervahauta, T. and Witkamp, G.J. (2010), Adsorptive removal of nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid) antiscalant from membrane concentrates by iron-coated waste filtration sand. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 855-862.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 855.pdf

Abstract: Iron-coated waste filtration sand was investigated as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (NTMP) from membrane concentrates. The adsorption of this phosphonate-based antiscalant on this material was measured and compared with two commercially available anion exchange resins and activated carbon. Comprehensive adsorption experiments were conducted in several synthetic concentrate solutions and in a concentrate collected from a full scale nano-filtration brackish water desalination plant. The effect of pH, ionic strength and the presence of competitive anions on the equilibrium adsorption were investigated. The results showed that, in contrast to the anion exchange resins, the adsorption on coated filtration sand is not suppressed at increasing ionic strength and is much less affected by the competitive anions carbonate and sulphate. The adsorption decreased slightly when the pH was raised from 7.0 to 8.0. The adsorption isotherms in the real nano-filtration concentrate, measured in the concentration interval of 5-50 mg dm(-1) NTMP, showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of coated filtration sand was 4.06 mg g(-1). The adsorption capacity per unit mass of the adsorbents at low NTMP concentration (12.5 mg dm(-3)) followed the decreasing order Amberlite IRA-410 > coated filtration sand > Amberlite IRA-900 > Norit SAE Super. This demonstrates that the use of iron-coated waste filtration sand offers a promising means for the removal of NTMP from membrane concentrates. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Antiscalant, Brackish-Water, Desalination, Equilibrium, Ferrihydrites, Filtration Sand, Goethite, Isotherms, Low Cost Adsorbent, Membrane Concentrate, Metal-Ions, pH, Phosphate, Phosphonate, Phosphonates, Precipitation, Removal, Scale Inhibitors, Water, Zero Charge

? Isosaari, P., Marjavaara, P. and Lehmus, E. (2010), Sequential electrokinetic treatment and oxalic acid extraction for the removal of Cu, Cr and As from wood. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 (1-3), 869-876.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat182, 869.pdf

Abstract: Removal of Cu, Cr and As from utility poles treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) was investigated using different one- to three-step combinations of oxalic acid extraction and electrokinetic treatment. The experiments were carried out at room temperature, using 0.8% oxalic acid and 30V (200 V/m) of direct current (DC) or alternating current in combination (DC/AC). Six-hour extraction removed only 15%, 11% and 28% and 7-day electrokinetic treatment 57%, 0% and 17% of Cu, Cr and As from wood chips, respectively. The best combination for all the metals was a three-step process consisting of pre-extraction, electrokinetics and post-extraction steps, yielding removals of 67% for Cu, 64% for Cr and 81% for As. Oxalic acid extraction prior to electrokinetic treatment was deleterious to further removal of Cu, but it was necessary for Cr and As removal. Chemical equilibrium modelling was used to explain the differences in the behaviour of Cu, Cr and As. Due to the dissimilar nature of these metals, it appeared that even more process sequences and/or stricter control of the process conditions would be needed to obtain the >99% removals required for safe recycling of the purified wood material. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Arsenate, Cca-Treated Wood, Chromated Copper Arsenate, Chromium, Copper, Copper Arsenate Wood, Electrodialysis, Electrodialytic Remediation, Electrokinetic, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Modelling, Modelling, Optimization, Oxalic Acid, Part I, Removal, Sawdust, Speciation, Timber Waste, Treatment, Utility Pole

? Pérez, R.M., Cabrera, G., Gómez, J.M., Ábalos, A. and Cantero, D. (2010), Combined strategy for the precipitation of heavy metals and biodegradation of petroleum in industrial wastewaters. Journal of Hazardous Materials,