Title: Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition

Title: Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition

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? Barber, S.J., Franklin, N., Naka, M. and Yoshimura, H. (2010), Higher social intelligence can impair source memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 36 (2), 545-551.

Abstract: Source monitoring is made difficult when the similarity between candidate Sources increases. The current work examines, how individual differences in social intelligence and perspective-taking abilities serve to increase source similarity and thus negatively impact Source memory. Strangers first engaged in a cooperative storytelling task. On each trial, a single word was shown to both participants, but only 1 participant was designated to add a story sentence, using this assigned word. As predicted, social intelligence negatively predicted performance in a subsequent source-monitoring task. In a 2nd study, preventing participants from being able to anticipate their partner’s next contribution to the story eliminated the effect.

Keywords: Childrens Memory, Cues, Dyads, Emotional Intelligence, Individual Differences, Memory, Others, Perspective Taking, Scale, Self, Source Monitoring, Unconscious Plagiarism, Version

Title: Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology

ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol.

JCR Abbreviated Title: J Expo Anal Env Epid

ISSN: 1053-4245

Issues/Year: 4

Journal Country/Territory: United States

Language: English

Publisher: Stockton Press

Publisher Address: 345 Park Ave South, New York, NY 10010-1707

Subject Categories:

Environmental Sciences: Impact Factor 0.853, 58/126 (1999); Impact Factor 1.489, 22/127 (2000)

Public, Environmental & Occupational Health: Impact Factor 0.853, 55/85

Toxicology: Impact Factor 0.853, /

? Guldberg, P.H. (1992), Gasoline and vapor exposures in service station and leaking underground storage tank scenarios. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2 (1), 97-107.

Abstract: Exposure to gasoline and gasoline vapors from service station operations and leaking underground storage tanks is a major health concern. Six scenarios for human exposure were examined, based primarily on measured air and water concentrations of total hydrocarbons, benzene, xylenes, and toluene. Calculated mean and upper limit lifetime exposures provide a tool for assisting public health officials in assessing and managing gasoline-related health risks.

? Burke, T.A. and Akland, G. (1992), Use of gasoline exposure data and assessment. A summary report of work group III. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2 (1), 147-150.

Abstract: The overall consensus of the Work Group was that the workshop provided an excellent opportunity for discussion of the scientificIssues pertaining to non-occupational exposures to gasoline as it related to public health officials, legal and regulatory agencies, and industrial (workplace) concerns. It was enlightening to discuss the implications of new and existing data and methods for determining the public’s exposure to gasoline. The workshop resulted in a list of data needs and a vision of the future research that will be required to aid future users of exposure data.

? Wesolowski, J.J., Jedrychowski, W. and Flak, E. (1992), Human exposure to pollutants in Poland. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2 (3), 323-339.

Abstract: Serious environmental problems caused by decades of mismanagement of Poland’s natural resources have been brought to light in recent years. All environmental media--air, water, food, and soil--have been burdened with toxic chemicals. Some environmental problems are so severe that the sources of pollution and the mitigation techniques needed are obvious, requiring no further research, but rather common sense, monies, and determination to implement the necessary controls and mitigation procedures. This paper will not address these obvious cases. Rather it will address that spectrum of environmental problems which requires a better understanding of public health risk in order to develop effective risk management strategies. Because these problems are numerous and monies limited, policy makers will need to set priorities both for research projects and control options. Using environmental concentration data presently available from Poland (especially for air), the paper will estimate human exposures, will point out research and monitoring needs, and hopefully, will lend credence to the concept that environmental policies and risk reduction strategies will be most effective if the Total Human Exposure Concept is used as the guiding scientific principle in risk assessment and management programs.

? Dills, R.L., Ackerlund, W.S., Kalman, D.A. and Morgan, M.S. (1993), Blood/air partition coefficient determinations: Automation and improvement of the equilibrium partitioning in closed systems method. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 3 (4), 471-489.

Abstract: The equilibrium partitioning in closed systems method has been frequently used for determining partition coefficients between liquid and gas phases. We developed several improvements in this method: preparation of test atmospheres with a dynamic solvent vapor generator, automation of gas phase analysis, and estimation of the precision of the partition coefficients using a statistical procedure that did not require pairing of test and reference measurements. Blood/air partition coefficients measured in a blood-bank blood sample for acetone, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, toluene, and styrene were: 309±2, 5.6±0.1, 16.2±0.5 and 49±2 (geometric mean±estimated SE, respectively). Water/air partition coefficients were: 361±7, 2.9±0.3, 4.6±0.5, and 6.9±0.9 for acetone, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, toluene, and styrene.

? Cohn, P., Savrin, J. and Fagliano, J. (1999), Mapping of volatile organic chemicals in New Jersey water systems. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 9 (3), 171-180.

Abstract: To characterize volatile organic chemical (VOC) contamination in public water in New Jersey from 1978 through 1990, detailed GIS maps were developed, along with descriptive text and an associated contaminant database, broken into half-year periods. All water providers that served more than 500 service connections were mapped. Contamination status for nine VOCs, including total trihalomethanes (THMs), was estimated for about 90% of the state’s population. Many water systems were partitioned into smaller subsystems in order to map service areas that were more homogeneous with regard to water quality in order to minimize exposure misclassification. Data used for this work included test results taken by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection or the water utilities (raw, plant, and distribution system samples), an analysis of probable water use and water flow (based on pumpage, population, system architecture, and advice from the water systems), and information on service area extensions during the period. Using GIS applications, these maps and databases were used to estimate the size of the population exposed to contaminants over time, demonstrating a dramatic decrease in exposed population after the New Jersey Safe Drinking Water Act was signed in 1984.

Keywords: Contamination, Community Water Systems, Geographic Information System, New Jersey, Volatile Organic Chemicals

? Shoemaker, J.A., Munch, J.W. and Behymer, T.D. (1999), Evaluation of solid phase microextraction for the analysis of hydrophilic compounds. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 9 (3), 181-191.

Abstract: Two commercially available solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, polyacrylate and carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), were evaluated for their ability to extract hydrophilic compounds from drinking water. Conditions, such as desorption time, desorption temperature, sample temperature, sample stirring, methanol concentration in the sample, and ionic strength of the sample, were optimized for 12 hydrophilic compounds (e.g., amines and alcohols) with both fibers. Accuracy, precision, and method detection limits (MDLs) were determined for the target analytes with both fibers. In general, both fibers exhibited excellent accuracy and precision in the range of 91-110% and 1.0-13%, respectively. The carboxen/PDMS fiber extracted these hydrophilic compounds from water with 10 to 100 times lower MDLs (0.10 to 15 micrograms/l) than the polyacrylate fiber (1.5 to 80 micrograms/l). The MDLs of the carboxen/PDMS fiber demonstrate that SPME is a feasible approach for extracting hydrophilic compounds from drinking water.

Keywords: Disinfection By-Products, Drinking-Water, Mutagenic Extracts, Fulvic-Acid, Humic-Acid, Identification, Optimization, Chlorination, Spectroscopy, Ozonation, Disinfection By-Products, Drinking Water, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Solid Phase Microextraction

? Shin, D., Chung, Y., Choi, Y., Kim, J., Park, Y. and Kum, H. (1999), Assessment of disinfection by-products in drinking water in Korea. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 9 (3), 192-199.

Abstract: The main purpose of applying the chlorination process during water treatment is for disinfection. Research results, however, indicate that disinfection byproducts (DBPs) including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloketones (HKs), and chloropicrin (CP) can be produced by the chlorination process. Some of these DBPs are known to be potential human carcinogens. This 3-year project is designed to establish a standard analysis procedure for DBPs in drinking water of this country and investigate the distribution and sources of specific DBPs. The occurrence level of DBPs in drinking water was below 50 µg/l in most cases. THMs in plant effluent accounted for 60% of all DBPs measured, whereas HAAs accounted for 20%, HANs 12%, HKs 5% and CP 3%. Chloroform was found to be the major THMs is compound (77%), followed by bromodichloromethane (BDCM, 18%) and bromoform (BF, 3%). The concentration of DBPs formed in distribution systems increased fi om those detected in plant effluent. Comparison of humid acid and sewage as precursors for THMs formation showed that humic acid was the major THMs precursor. Results would play an important role in exposure assessment as a part of the risk assessment process, and would give basic information for establishment of DBPs reduction and management procedures.

Keywords: Disinfection By-Products (DBPs), Drinking Water, Human Exposure

? Richardson, S.D., Collette, T.W., Price, P.C., Genicola, F.A., Jenks, J.W., Thruston, Jr., A.D. and Ellington, J.J. (1999), Identification of drinking water contaminants in the course of a childhood cancer investigation in Toms River, New Jersey. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 9 (3), 200-216.

Abstract: Using a combination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy (GC/IR) spectroscopic techniques, chemical contaminants and their hydrolysis products were identified in well water sampled in connection with a suspected childhood cancer cluster located in Dover Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. The drinking water contamination resulted from the leaching of industrial waste chemicals from drums that were disposed of at the site known as Reich Farm. Contaminants identified include dinitrile-tetralin compounds, known as ‘trimers, ‘ that are by-products of a polymerization process widely used by several polymer manufactures during the 1970s and 1980s (and still used today). Also identified were ‘trimer’ hydrolysis products, formed by the hydrolysis of their nitrile groups to amides. These industrial contaminants were not present in any of the mass or IR spectral library databases, and their identification required unconventional spectroscopic methods (including high resolution mass spectrometry, chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy), along with scientific reasoning and interpretation. It is currently not known whether these chemical contaminants are responsible for the childhood cancers observed in this area.

Keywords: Disinfection By-Products, Acrylonitrile, Chemical Identification, Childhood Cancer, Drinking Water, Industrial Pollutants, Toms River, New Jersey

? ORourke, M.K., van de Water, P.K., Jin, S., Rogan, S.P., Weiss, A.D., Gordon, S.M., Moschandreas, D.M. and Lebowitz, M.D. (1999), Evaluations of primary metals from NHEXAS Arizona: Distributions and preliminary exposures. National Human Exposure Assessment Survey. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 9 (5), 435-445.

Abstract: NHEXAS AZ is a multimedia, multipathway exposure assessment survey designed to evaluate metals and other analytes. This paper reports the analyte-specific concentration distributions in each of the media examined (air, soil, house dust, food, beverage, and water), for various methodologies used (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and hydride generation-atomic absorption spectroscopy). Results are reported for the five primary metals (Pb, As, Cd, Cr, and Ni). Ingestion was the most important pathway of exposure. Metal concentrations in air were very low (ng/m3) and found only above the 90th percentile. Metals were commonly found in house dust and soil. Exposure transfer coefficients minimize the importance of this component for those over the age of 6 years. When ranked by exposure, food, beverage, and water appeared to be the primary contributors of metal exposure in NHEXAS AZ. For instance, at the 90th percentile, Pb was undetected in air, found at 131 and 118 microg/m3 in floor dust and soil, respectively, and measured at 16 microg/kg in food, 7.1 microg/kg in beverage, and 2.0 and 1.3 microg/l in drinking and tap water, respectively. We calculated preliminary estimates of total exposure (microg/day) for each participant and examined them independently by age, gender, and ethnicity as reported by the subjects in the NHEXAS questionnaire. At the 90th percentile for Pb, total exposures were 64 microg/day across all subjects (n = 176); adult men (n = 55) had the greatest exposure (73 microg/day) and children (n = 35) the least (37 microg/day). Hispanics (n = 54) had greater exposure to Pb (68 microg/day) than non-Hispanics (n = 119; 50 microg/day), whereas non-Hispanics had greater exposure for all other metals reported. These results have implications related to environmental justice. The NHEXAS project provides information to make informed decisions for protecting and promoting appropriate public health policy.

? Zender, R., Bachand, A.M. and Reif, J.S. (2001), Exposure to tap water during pregnancy. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 11 (3), 224-230.

Abstract: Studies of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water and risk of adverse reproductive outcome have usually relied on approximate measures of exposure. Individual differences in consumption of bottled or filtered water, variability in tap water consumption at home and at work, dermal and inhalation exposure to volatile contaminants, and changes in residency during pregnancy may lead to exposure misclassification. We characterized exposures to tap water and other risk factors among 71 pregnant and 43 non-pregnant women attending public health clinics. Nearly all residences had a municipal water source, but 25% of women drank filtered or bottled water. Fifty percent of the women in our sample reported working outside the home where, on average, one third of their daily water intake. took place. Pregnant women consumed more water than non-pregnant women (3.4 vs. 3.0 total 1/day), especially cold tap water at home (1.8 vs. 1.31/day, 95% CI for the difference=0.1, 0.9). Patterns of showering were similar for both groups of women, but pregnant women were more likely to bathe and to bathe more frequently. The prevalence of smoking was lower among pregnant women (22.5% vs. 32.6%), as was the consumption of alcohol (4.2% vs. 53.5%, 95% Cl for the difference= -64.9, -33.7). Thirty-two percent of women had moved during their current pregnancy. The data reaffirm the importance of collecting individual-level data for water consumption and exposure to potential confounders to avoid misclassification bias. This study is the first to target women of low socio-economic status (SES) and therefore of particular interest in studies of adverse reproductive outcomes for which this group is at increased risk.

Keywords: Chlorination Byproducts, Exposure Assessment, Pregnant Women, Showering, Tap Water Consumption, Trihalomethanes, Water Disinfection, Disinfection By-Products, Drinking-Water, Residential-Mobility, Lactating Women, Outcomes, Trihalomethanes, Chloroform

? Williams, B.L., Florez, Y. and Pettygrove, S. (2001), Inter- and intra-ethnic variation in water intake, contact, and source estimates among Tucson residents: Implications for exposure analysis. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 11 (6), 510-521.

Abstract: Water-related exposures among Hispanics, particularly among Mexican Americans, are relatively unknown. Exposure and risk assessment is further complicated by the absence of good time-activity data (e.g., water intake) among this population. This study attempts to provide some insight concerning water-related exposure parameters among Hispanics. Determining the extent to which non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics living in the Tucson metropolitan area differ with respect to direct water intake and source patterns is the primary purpose of this investigation. Using random digit dialing, researchers conducted a cross-sectional telephone population survey of 1183 Tucson residents. Significant ethnic variation was observed in water intake patterns among this sample, particularly in terns of source. Hispanics reported much higher rates of bottled water consumption than did non-Hispanic whites, Ethnic variation in exposure parameters such as that observed in this study increases the potential for measurement error in exposure analysis. Erroneous assumptions that exposure estimates (i.e., water intake source) are generalizable across various ethnic groups may lead to both overestimation and underestimation of contaminant exposure.

Keywords: Exposure, Hispanic, Risk, Risk Assessment, Water Consumption, Water Intake Activity, Disinfection By-Products, Bottled Drinking-Water, Tap Water, Lognormal Distributions, Environmental-Health, Bladder-Cancer, Mexico Border, Risk-Factors, Well Water, Chlorination