Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 806.pdf

Abstract: In the present investigation, a porous MgO powder was synthesized and tested for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. The size of the MgO particles was in the range of 38-44 nm, with an average specific surface area of 153.7 m²/g. Adsorption of reactive blue 19 and reactive red 198 was conducted to model azo and anthraquinone dyes at various MgO dosages, dye concentrations, solution pHs and contact times in a batch reactor. Experimental results indicate that the prepared MgO powder can remove more than 98% of both dyes under optimum operational conditions of a dosage of 0.2 g. pH 8 and a contact time of 5 min for initial dye concentrations of 50-300 mg/L. The isotherm evaluations revealed that the Langmuir model attained better fits to the experimental equilibrium data than the Freundlich model. The. maximum predicted adsorption capacities were 166.7 and 123.5 mg of dye per grain of adsorbent for RB 19 and RR 198, respectively. In addition, adsorption kinetic data followed a pseudo-second-order rate for both tested dyes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Dye, Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Kinetic, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Azo and Anthraquinone Dye, Batch, Batch Reactor, Biosorption, Chitosan Nanoparticles, Congo-Red, Data, Dye, Dye Removal, Dyes, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Investigation, Isotherm, Kinetic, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Magnesium Oxides, Model, Nanoparticles, Particles, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Reactive Blue 19, Reactive Dyes, Reactive Red 198, Removal, Removal of Dyes, Rights, Size, Solution, Specific Surface, Specific Surface Area, Surface, Surface Area, Textile Dyes, Waste, Wastewaters

? Zhang, G.S., Liu, H.J., Liu, R.P. and Qu, J.H. (2009), Adsorption behavior and mechanism of arsenate at Fe-Mn binary oxide/water interface. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 820-825.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 820.pdf

Abstract: Preliminary study revealed that a prepared Fe-Mn binary oxide adsorbent with a Fe:Mn molar ratio of 3:1 was more effective for As(V) removal than pure amorphous FeOOH, which MS unanticipated. In this paper, the As(V) adsorption capacities of Fe-Mn binary oxide and amorphous FeOOH were compared in detail. Furthermore, the adsorption behaviors as well as adsorption mechanism of As(V) at the Fe-Mn binary oxide/water interface were investigated. The higher uptake of As(V) by the Fe-Mn binary oxide may be due to its higher surface area (265 m²/g) and pore volume (0.47 cm³/g) than those of amorphous FeOOH. The As(V) adsorption process on the Fe-Mn binary oxide is endothermic and the increase of temperature is favoring its adsorption. A slight increase in the As(V) adsorption was observed with increasing ionic strength of the solution, which indicated that As(V)anions might form inner-sphere surface complexes at the oxide/water interface. The Zeta potential along with FTIR analysis confirmed further the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes between As(V) anions and the surface of Fe-Mn binary oxide. In addition, the influences of coexisting ions such as phosphate, bicarbonate, silicate, sulfate, chloride, calcium and magnesium which are generally present in groundwater on As(V) adsorption were examined. Among the tested anions, chloride and sulfate had no significant effect on As(V) removal, silicate decreased obviously the As(V) removal, while phosphate caused the greatest percentage decrease in As(V) adsorption. On the contrary, the presence of cations of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ enhanced the adsorption of As(V). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Mechanism, Anions, Arsenate, Arsenite, Elsevier, Endothermic, Fe-Mn Binary Oxide, FTIR, Hydroxide, Magnesium, Mechanism, Natural-Waters, Oxide Adsorbent, Phosphate, Pore Volume, Removal, Sorption, Specific Adsorption, Sulfate, Surface Area, Surface-Chemistry, Temperature

? Chang, Y., Lv, X.Q., Zha, F., Wang, Y.G. and Lei, Z.Q. (2009), Sorption of p-nitrophenol by anion-cation modified palygorskite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 826-831.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 826.pdf

Abstract: A series of anion-cation modified palygorskites were prepared by microwave irradiation, and characterized with FT-IR. Compared with natural palygorskite, the p-nitrophenol sorption capacity with anion-cation modified palygorskite was significantly improved. The maximum sorption capacity (137.74 mg g^-1) was obtained with the mass ratio 1:4 and 3:10 of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to sodium dodecyl sulfate and the surfactant to palygorskite of at 313 K. The sorption equilibrium was in accordance with the Langmuir isothermal sorption equations. Thermodynamic function calculated showed that the sorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process. Free energy of the sorption increased with the increase of the temperature. The sorption of p-nitrophenol followed the pseudo-second-order process (sorption rate constant: 0.00453 mg^-1 min^-1). (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Adsorption, Anion-Cation Modified Palygorskite, Aqueous-Solutions, Bromide, Capacity, Clay, Energy, Equilibrium, Exothermic, FT-IR, FTIR, Function, Grafted Attapulgite, Hexadecyltrimethylammonium, Irradiation, Isothermal, Isothermal Sorption Equation, Kinetics, Langmuir, Microwave, Modified, Modified Attapulgite, Natural, Organobentonite, P-Nitrophenol, Palygorskite, Phenol, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constant, Removal, Silica, Sodium, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Sorption Rate Constant, Sulfate, Surfactant, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamics, Water

? Kemer, B., Ozdes, D., Gundogdu, A., Bulut, V.N., Duran, C. and Soylak, M. (2009), Removal of fluoride ions from aqueous solution by waste mud. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 888-894.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 888.pdf

Abstract: The present study was carried out to assess the ability of original waste mud (o-WM) and different types of activated waste mud which are acid-activated (a-WM) and precipitated waste mud (p-WM). in order to remove excess of fluoride from aqueous solution by using batch technique. The p-WM exhibited greater performance than the others. Adsorption studies were conducted as a function of pH, contact time, initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent concentration, temperature, etc. Studies were also performed to understand the effect of some co-existing ions present in aqueous solutions. Adsorption process was found to be almost independent of pH for all types of waste mud. Among the kinetic models tested for p-WM, pseudo-second-order model fitted the kinetic data well with a perfect correlation coefficient value of 1.00. It was found that the adequate time for the adsorption equilibrium of fluoride was only I h. Thermodynamic parameters including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) revealed that adsorption of fluoride ions on the p-WM was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in the temperature range of 0-40C. Experimental data showed a good fit with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Results of this study demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of WM for removal of fluoride ions from aqueous solution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherm Models, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Batch, Biosorption, Concentration, Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Data, Dialysis, Effectiveness, Endemic Fluorosis, Endothermic, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Feasibility, Fluoride, Freundlich, Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm, Function, Gibbs Free Energy, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Model, Models, Performance, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Residue, Rights, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Value, Waste, Waste Mud, Water

? Ofomaja, A.E., Naidoo, E.B. and Modise, S.J. (2009), Removal of copper(II) from aqueous solution by pine and base modified pine cone powder as biosorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 909-917.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 909.pdf

Abstract: Pine cone, a popular agricultural waste in South Africa has been studied for its potential application as a biosorbent in its raw and sodium hydroxide modified form. Surface modification were carried out using sodium hydroxide solution of concentration ranging from 0.01 to 0.15 mol L^-1 and the samples characterized. Batch kinetics were carried out on the biosorption of copper(II) from aqueous solution using the prepared samples and varying biosorption parameters such as solution pH, dose and biosorption temperature. The results revealed that pine cone surface was modified by sodium hydroxide treatment, carboxylic and phenolic functional groups were mostly affected as seen from Boehm’s titration and FTIR analysis. Surface modification reduced pH_pzc from 7.49 to 2.55 and also increased the internal surface of pine cone powder. Copper(II) biosorption studies revealed that optimum solution pH and biosorbent dose for copper(H) removal was pH 5 and 8.0 g L^-1, for the untreated and treated samples. Copper(II) uptake followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the intraparticle diffusion model. Copper(II) removal increased with NaOH modification and higher NaOH concentration. Biosorption temperature was found to increase copper(II) uptake for all samples indicating that copper(II) biosorption is endothermic in nature. Activation energy computed from the pseudo-second order rate constant increased with NaOH modification from 18.22 to 21.39 kJ mol^-1. The thermodynamic parameters of activation (ΔG*, ΔH* and ΔS*) were computed using Erying equation and the results show that the reorientation step is mostly entropy controlled at the activation state and the contribution of entropy to the reorientation step of activation tends to decrease with NaOH washing and with increase in NaOH concentration. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Africa, Agricultural, Agricultural By-Products, Agricultural Waste, Analysis, Application, Aqueous Solution, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption Temperature, Carboxylic, Citric-Acid, Concentration, Copper(II), Diffusion, Diffusion Model, Dye, Endothermic, Energy, Entropy, FTIR, FTIR Analysis, Functional Groups, Hydroxide, Intraparticle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion Model, Ion Adsorption, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, L1, Methylene-Blue Biosorption, Model, Modification, Modified, NaOH, Orange Peel, Palm Kernel Fiber, pH, Pine Cone Powder, Potential, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constant, Removal, Rights, Sodium, Sodium Hydroxide Modification, Solution, Sorption, South Africa, State, Surface, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thuja-Orientalis, Treatment, Uptake, Waste

? Wang, X.H., Zheng, Y. and Wang, A.Q. (2009), Fast removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite composites. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 970-977.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 970.pdf

Abstract: Novel chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite (CTS-g-PAA/APT) composites were applied as adsorbents for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous Solution. The effects of the initial pH value (pH(0)) of Cu(II) solution, contact time (t), APT content (wt%) and the initial concentration of Cu(II) solution (C-0) on the adsorption capacity of the composites were investigated. Results from kinetic experimental data showed that the Cu(II) adsorption rate on the composites with 10, 20 and 30 wt% APT was fast and more than 90% of the maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II) occurred within the initial 15 min. The adsorption kinetics was better described by the pseudo-second order equation, and their adsorption isotherms were better fitted for the Langmuir equation. The results of the five-time consecutive adsorption-desorption studies showed that the composites had high adsorption and desorption efficiencies, which implies that the composites may be used as quite effective adsorbents for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Palygorskite, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Properties, Adsorption Rate, Adsorption-Desorption, Aqueous Solution, Capacity, Clay, Composite, Composites, Concentration, Copper, Cu(II), Cu(II), Data, Desorption, Experimental, Heavy-Metals Removal, Hydrogels, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kaolinite, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Membranes, Montmorillonite, pH, pH Value, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Rights, Solution, T, Value, Waste-Water

? Graydon, J.W., Zhang, X.Z., Kirk, D.W. and Jia, C.Q. (2009), Sorption and stability of mercury on activated carbon for emission control. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 978-982.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 978.pdf

Abstract: A leading strategy for control of mercury emissions from combustion processes involves removal of elemental mercury from the flue gas by injection of activated carbon sorbent. After particulate capture and disposal in a landfill, it is critical that the captured mercury remains permanently sequestered in the sorbent. The environmental stability of sorbed mercury was determined on two commercial, activated carbons, one impregnated using gaseous sulfur, and on two activated carbons that were impregnated with sulfur by reaction with SO₂. After loading with mercury vapor using a static technique, the stability of the sorbed mercury was characterized by two leaching methods. The standard toxicity characteristic leaching procedure showed leachate concentrations well below the limit of 0.2 mg/L for all activated carbons. The nature of the sorbed mercury was further characterized by a sequential extraction scheme that was specifically optimized to distinguish clearly among the highly stable phases of mercury. This analysis revealed that there are two forms in which mercury is sequestered. In the sorbent that was impregnated by gaseous sulfur at a relatively low temperature, the mercury is present predominantly as HgS. In the other three sorbents, including two impregnated using SO₂, the mercury is predominantly present in the elemental form, physisorbed and chemisorbed to thiophene groups on the carbon surface. Both forms of binding are sufficiently stable to provide permanent sequestration of mercury in activated carbon sorbents after disposal. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Carbon, Combustion, Design, Elsevier, Emission Control, Fibers, Flue Gas, Gas-Phase Mercury, Groups, Injection, Leaching, Mercury, Mercury Capture, Mercury Sequestration, Optimization, Removal, Sequential Extraction, Sequential Extractions, SO₂, Sorbents, Sorption, Sulfur Impregnation, Sulfur-Impregnated Carbon, Temperature

? Teng, S.X., Wang, S.G., Gong, W.X., Liu, X.W. and Gao, B.Y. (2009), Removal of fluoride by hydrous manganese oxide-coated alumina: Performance and mechanism. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1004-1011.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1004.pdf

Abstract: A novel hydrous-manganese-oxide-coated alumina (HMOCA) material was prepared through a redox process. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM, BET surface area measurement. XRD, pH_pzc measurement, FTIR spectroscopy, and XPS. The manganese oxides were amorphous and manganese existed mainly in the +IV oxidation state. Batch and column experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption potential of the adsorbent. Fluoride adsorption onto HMOCA followed the pseudo-second-order equation well with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. Both external and intraparticle diffusion contributed to the rate of transfer and removal. The adsorption of fluoride was thought to take place mainly by ion-exchange. Optimum removal of fluoride occurred in a pH range of 4.0-6.0. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model was 7.09 mg/g. The presence of HCO₃^-, SO₄^2- and PO₄^3- had negative effects on the adsorption of fluoride. The adsorbed fluoride can be released by alkali solution. Column studies were performed and 669 bed volumes were treated with the effluent fluoride under 1.0 mg/L at an influent F- concentration of 5.0 mg/L and flow rate of 2.39 m³/(m² h) (empty bed contact time = 7.5 min). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Alumina, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Alumina, Aqueous-Solution, Behavior, Bet, Bet Surface Area, Breakthrough, Capacity, Carbon, Column, Column Experiments, Column Studies, Concentration, Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Defluoridation, Diffusion, Drinking-Water, Equilibrium, Experiments, Fixed-Bed Adsorption, Flow, Flow Rate, Fluoride, FTIR, FTIR Spectroscopy, Hydrous-Manganese-Oxide-Coated Alumina (HMOCA), Intraparticle Diffusion, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ionexchange, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Lead(II) Ions, Manganese, Manganese Oxide Coated, Measurement, Mechanism, Model, Oxidation, Oxides, pH, Potential, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Equation, Removal, Rights, SEM, Solution, Spectroscopy, State, Surface, Surface Area, XPS, XRD

? Pentari, D., Perdikatsis, V., Katsimicha, D. and Kanaki, A. (2009), Sorption properties of low calorific value Greek lignites: Removal of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper ions from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1017-1021.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1017.pdf

Abstract: The removal of metal ions (Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu) from spiked aqueous solutions using four lignite samples (TH2, TH7, MT2, and MT8) of different quality, from different areas in Greece, was investigated. Cation exchange capacity, humic and fulvic acid content, and the BET specific surface area of the samples were determined, proximate and ultimate analyses were conducted and the mineralogy of their low temperature ash was studied. Equilibrium and kinetic studies were performed in batch conditions. Competitive adsorption of the four elements examined was also investigated. It was observed that the four lignite samples were considerably effective in removing Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu ions from aqueous solutions, with the sample MT2 being the most effective. Among the elements, Pb appeared to have the strongest affinity based on a mass uptake by lignite samples. The same behaviour was observed during the competitive adsorption experiments. Kinetic experiments proved that, in all cases, equilibrium was achieved within 45 min. Sorption isotherm studies were conducted by varying the initial concentration of the elements. MATLAB software was used to fit experimental data to Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The data were better fitted to the Langmuir equation. Attempt was made to correlate the adsorption behaviour of the lignite samples with the mineralogy of their low temperature ashes and their content in humic and fulvic acids. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Analyses, Aqueous Solutions, Batch, Behaviour, Bet, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd, Competitive, Competitive Adsorption, Concentration, Copper, Cu, Data, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experiments, Freundlich, Fulvic Acid, Future, Greece, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, High-Temperatures, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Lead, Lignite, Low Temperature, Metal, Metal Ions, Metal-Ions, Mineralogy, Parameters, Pb, Quality, Rank Turkish Coals, Removal, Rights, Software, Solutions, Sorption, Sorption Isotherm, Specific Surface, Specific Surface Area, Surface, Surface Area, Temperature, TH2, Uptake, Value, Waste-Water, Water-Bentonite Suspensions, Zinc

? Huang, J.H. (2009), Treatment of phenol and p-cresol in aqueous solution by adsorption using a carbonylated hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1028-1034.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1028.pdf

Abstract: Phenolic compounds are one of the most representative pollutants in industrial wastewater, and efficient removal and destruction of them have attracted significant concerns. In the present study, a carbonylated hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent HJ-1 was developed and its ability to remove phenol and p-cresol in aqueous solution was tested in comparison with the commercial Amberlite XAD-4 resin. The HJ-1 resin exhibited excellent applicability in the acidic and neutral pH, NaCl posed the positive effect, whereas Cd²⁺ had the negative effect on the adsorption. The adsorption dynamics obeyed the pseudo-second-order rate equation and the adsorption rate constant of phenol was a little greater than that of p-cresol. The adsorption isotherms can be correlated to Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption capacity of phenol and p-cresol onto HJ-1 resin was much larger than that onto XAD-4. With regard to the two adsorbates, the adsorption capacity of p-cresol was larger than that of phenol at the same temperature and equilibrium concentration. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the adsorption was principally driven by adsorption enthalpy and entropy. Analysis of the different adsorbability of p-cresol from phenol suggested that the solubility and polarity of the adsorbate played important roles. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Dynamics, Adsorption Enthalpy, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Rate, Amberlite XAD-4, Amide Group, Aqueous Solution, Capacity, Cd²⁺, Comparison, Concentration, Dynamics, Enthalpy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Extractant Impregnated Resins, Hypercrosslinked, Industrial Wastewater, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, NaCl, P-Cresol, pH, Phenol, Phenolic Compounds, Photocatalytic Degradation, Pollutants, Polymeric, Polymeric Adsorbent, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Rate Constant, Removal, Resin, Rights, Solid-Phase Extraction, Solubility, Solution, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Treatment, Waste-Water, Wastewater, Wheat Shells, XAD-4, XAD-4 Resin

? Wang, G.H., Liu, J.S., Wang, X.G., Xie, Z.Y. and Deng, N.S. (2009), Adsorption of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution onto cross-linked chitosan. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1053-1058.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1053.pdf

Abstract: Cross-linked chitosan (CCTS) was synthesized by the reaction of chitosan with epichlorohydrin under alkaline conditions. Adsorption of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution onto cross-linked chitosan was investigated in a batch system. Adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic studies of uranium(VI) onto cross-linked chitosan were carried out. The influence factors on uranium(VI) adsorption were also investigated and described in detail, such as contact time, pH value and initial uranium(I) concentration. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium. Equilibrium data agreed very well with the Langmuir model. Adsorption kinetics data were tested using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the chemical adsorption was the rate-limiting step. Results also showed that cross-linked chitosan was favourable adsorbent. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetic, Adsorption Kinetics, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch System, Beads, Charcoal, Chemical, Chitosan, Concentration, Contaminated Water, Cross-Linked, Cross-Linked Chitosan, Crosslinked Chitosan, Data, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Model, Models, pH, pH Value, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Rate Limiting Step, Rate-Limiting Step, Reactive Dye, Removal, Rights, Selective Adsorption, Solution, Sorption, Uranium, Uranium(VI), Value

? Gad, H.M.H. and El-Sayed, A.A. (2009), Activated carbon from agricultural by-products for the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials,