Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 814.pdf

Abstract: In this work, activated carbon was prepared from banana stalks (BSAC) waste to remove the insecticide carbofuran from aqueous solutions. The effects of contact time, initial carbofuran concentration, solution pH and temperature (30, 40 and 50ºC) were investigated. Adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of carbofuran on BSAC were studied. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models and the data best represented by the Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy (ΔHº), standard entropy (ΔSº) and standard free energy (ΔGº) were evaluated. Regeneration efficiency of spent BSAC was studied using ethanol as a solvent. The efficiency was found to be in the range of 96.97-97.35%. The results indicated that the BSAC has good regeneration and reusability characteristics and can be used as alternative to present commercial activated carbon. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 2,4-D, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption-Kinetics, Alternative, Aqueous Solutions, Banana Stalks, Carbamate, Carbofuran, Carbon, Characteristics, Concentration, Data, Desorption Characteristics, Efficiency, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Ethanol, Freundlich, Herbicide, Insecticide, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Kinetics and Thermodynamics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Models, Pesticides, pH, Range, Regeneration, Removal, Reusability, Rights, Soils, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Standard, Temkin Isotherm, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Time, Waste, Work

? Baek, M.H., Ijagbemi, C.O., Se-Jin, O. and Kim, D.S. (2010), Removal of Malachite Green from aqueous solution using degreased coffee bean. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 820-828.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 820.pdf

Abstract: This study reports on the feasibility of employing degreased coffee beans (DCB) as adsorbent for Malachite Green (MG) removal in dyeing wastewater. The iodine value (IV), specific surface area (SSA) and porosity of the raw coffee beans (RCB) used in the study increased after the degreasing process, resulting in significant increase in the adsorption of MG onto DCB. Employing a batch experimental set-up, optimum conditions for complete color removal and adsorption of MG by DCB was studied considering parameters such as effect of degreasing process, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, reaction temperature and pH. Adsorbed amount of MG by DCB increased with increasing DCB dosage and initial MG concentration. The rate of the adsorption reaction followed the pseudo second-order kinetics with the sorption isotherm well fitted to the Freundlich and the Langmuir isotherm models. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption processes is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. DCB has potentials for application as adsorbent for the removal of MG from dyeing process wastewater. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption-Kinetics, Application, Aqueous Solution, Basic Dye, Batch, Clay, Color Removal, Concentration, Degreased Coffee Beans, Dye, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experimental, Feasibility, Freundlich, Isotherm, IV, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Malachite Green, Metal-Ions, Mg, Models, pH, Porosity, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Reaction, Removal, Rights, Sawdust, Second Order, Second Order Kinetics, Second-Order, Second-Order Kinetics, Solution, Sorption, Sorption Isotherm, Specific Surface, Specific Surface Area, Surface, Surface Area, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Value, Waste-Water, Wastewater

? Pereira, F.V., Gurgel, L.V.A. and Gil, L.F. (2010), Removal of Zn²⁺ from aqueous single metal solutions and electroplating wastewater with wood sawdust and sugarcane bagasse modified with EDTA dianhydride (EDTAD). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 856-863.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 856.pdf

Abstract: This work describes the preparation of a new chelating material derived from wood sawdust, Manilkara sp., and not only the use of a new support, but also a chemically modified sugarcane bagasse synthesized in our previous work to remove Zn²⁺ from aqueous solutions and electroplating wastewater. The first part describes the chemical modification of wood sawdust and sugarcane bagasse using ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD) as modifying agent in order to introduce carboxylic acid and amine functional groups into these materials. The obtained materials such as the modified sugarcane bagasse, EB, and modified wood sawdust, ES were then characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and CHN. The second part evaluates the adsorption capacity of Zn²⁺ by EB and ES from aqueous single metal solutions and real electroplating wastewater, which concentration was determined through direct titration with EDTA and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). Adsorption isotherms were developed using Langmuir model. Zn²⁺ adsorption capacities were found to be 80 mg/g for ES and 105 mg/g for EB whereas for the industrial wastewater these values were found to be 47 mg/g for ES and 45 mg/g for EB. Zn²⁺ adsorption in the wastewater was found to be lower than in Zn²⁺ spiked solution due to the competition between other cations and/or interference of other ions, mainly Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻ that were present in the wastewater.

Keywords: Adsorption, Modified Wood, Zinc, Modified Sugarcane Bagasse, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Dianhydride, Electroplating Wastewater

? Zhao, C., Deng, H.P., Li, Y. and Liu, Z.Z. (2010), Photodegradation of oxytetracycline in aqueous by 5A and 13X loaded with TiO₂ under UV irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 884-892.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 884.pdf

Abstract: The photocatalysis degradation, mineralization and detoxification of oxytetracycline (OTC) in aqueous were investigated by 5A and 13X zeolite with nano-TiO2 loaded under UV light. The composite photocatalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning (FESEM) technologies. The adsorption isotherms of OTC by 5A and 13X with different pH are evaluated. The results show that 654 and 1497 mg/g OTC of saturation adsorption capacity is reached by 5A and 13X at pH 7, respectively. Then the effect of TiO2 with 5A and 13X support and different wt% of TiO2 over the support on the resultant OTC removal, net photocatalytic degradation and influence factors such as TiO2 loading, initial pH, concentration of OTC and adding anion on degradation are investigated. The 15 wt% TiO2/5A and 10 wt% TiO2/13X photocatalysts are found optimum for OTC removal and degradation in aqueous. The mineralization was measured by total organic carbon (TOC) while combined toxicity change during OTC degradation was tested with standardized bioluminescence assay of inhibition rate on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 (Q67). The results suggest that TiO2/5A and TiO2/13X composite systems are effective photocatalysts for treatment of OTC in aqueous. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 13x, 5a, Acute Toxicity, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, By-Products, Composite Systems, Degradation, Detoxification, Drinking-Water-Treatment, Isoproturon, Isotherms, Oxytetracycline, pH, Pharmaceuticals, Photocatalysis, Photocatalysis Degradation, Photocatalytic Degradation, Photodegradation, Removal, Tetracycline, TiO₂, Titanium Dioxide, Toxicity, Treatment, Treatment-Plant, UV, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD, Zeolite

? Sun, M. and Wu, Q.H. (2010), Determination of ultra-trace aluminum in human albumin by cloud point extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 901-905.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 901.pdf

Abstract: A cloud point extraction (CPE) method for the preconcentration of ultra-trace aluminum in human albumin prior to its determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) had been developed in this paper. The CPE method was based on the complex of Al(III) with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and Triton X-114 was used as non-ionic surfactant. The main factors affecting cloud point extraction efficiency, such as pH of solution, concentration and kind of complexing agent, concentration of non-ionic surfactant, equilibration temperature and time, were investigated in detail. An enrichment factor of 34.8 was obtained for the preconcentration of Al(III) with 10 mL solution. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit of Al(III) was 0.06 ng mL(-1). The relative standard deviation (n = 7) of sample was 3.6%, values of recovery of aluminum were changed from 92.3% to 94.7% for three samples. This method is simple, accurate, sensitive and can be applied to the determination of ultra-trace aluminum in human albumin. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Aluminum, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Biosorption, Cd, Cloud Point Extraction, Complex, Determination, ETAAS, Garphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Human Albumin, pH, Preconcentration, Separation, Spectroscopy, Water Samples

? Mahmoud, M.E., Hafez, O.F., Osman, M.M., Yakout, A.A. and Alrefaay, A. (2010), Hybrid inorganic/organic alumina adsorbents-functionalized-purpurogallin for removal and preconcentration of Cr(III), Fe(III), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from underground water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 906-912.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 906.pdf

Abstract: Metal pollution is well recognized as one of the major environmental problems that must be imperatively addressed and solved. In this study, three types of alumina adsorbents (I-III) were physically immobilized with purporogallin as a chelating ion exchangers. These were found to exhibit strong capability and selectivity characters for a series of heavy metal ions. Surface modification of hybrid alumina was characterized and identified from the determination of surface coverage and infrared analysis. Hybrid alumina adsorbents were identified for their strong resistivity to acid leaching in pH > 2-7 as well as their high thermal stability up to 350 degrees C. The ability of newly synthesized hybrid inorganic/organic alumina adsorbents (I-III) to bind and extract various metal ions was examined and evaluated in various buffer solutions (pH 1.0-7.0) via determination of the metal adsorption capacity values. These were identified as high as 420-560, 500-580 and 500-590 mu mol g(-1) for alumina adsorbents (I), (II) and (III), respectively in the case of high concentration levels of Cr(III), Fe(III) and Cu(II). The influence of alumina matrices were highly characterized when low concentration levels (mu g ml(-1) and ng ml(-1)) of metal ions were used. Hybrid alumina adsorbents were successfully applied for selective extraction, removal and preconcentration of various heavy metals from underground water samples with percentage recovery values of 92-100 +/- 1-3%. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Absorption Spectrometric Determination, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Alumina, Analysis, Cd(II), Chromium Speciation, Cu(II), Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy Metals, Infrared, Mercury(II), Metal Adsorption, Metal Ions, Metal-Ions, Online Preconcentration, Pb(II), pH, Pollution, Preconcentration, Purpurogalin, Removal, Selective Extraction, Separation, Silica-Gel, Solid-Phase Extraction, Surface, Surface Modification, Underground Water, Water

? Liu, R.P., Liu, H.J., Zhao, X., Qu, J.H. and Zhang, R. (2010), Treatment of dye wastewater with permanganate oxidation and in situ formed manganese dioxides adsorption: Cation blue as model pollutant. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 926-931.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 926.pdf

Abstract: This study investigated the process of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) oxidation and in situ formed hydrous manganese dioxides (delta MnO2) (i.e., KMnO4 oxidation and delta MnO2 adsorption) for the treatment of dye wastewater. The effectiveness of decolorization, removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and increasing biodegradable oxygen demand (BOD) were compared among these processes of KMnO4 oxidation, delta MnO2 adsorption, and KMnO4 oxidation and delta MnO2 adsorption. delta MnO2 adsorption contributed to the maximum DOC removal of 65.0%, but exhibited limited capabilities of decolorizing and increasing biodegradability. KMnO4 oxidation alone at pH 0.5 showed satisfactory decrease of UV-vis absorption peaks, and the maximum BOD5/DOC value of 1.67 was achieved. Unfortunately, the DOC removal was as low as 27.4%. Additionally, the great amount of acid for pH adjustment and the much too low pH levels limited its application in practice. KMnO4 oxidation and delta MnO2 adsorption at pH 2.0 was the best strategy prior to biological process, in balancing the objectives of decolorization, DOC removal, and BOD increase. The optimum ratio of KMnO4 dosage to X-GRL concentration (RKMnO4/X-GRL was determined to be 2.5, at which KMnO4 oxidation and delta MnO2 adsorption contributed to the maximal DOC removal of 53.4%. Additionally, the optimum pH for X-GRL treatment was observed to be near 3.0. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Decolorization, Degradation, Delta MnO₂, Dissolution, Dissolved Mn, DOC, Dye, Oxidation, pH, Potassium Permanganate, Potassium-Permanganate, Removal, Treatment, Wastewater, X-GRL

? Anbia, M., Mohammadi, N. and Mohammadi, K. (2010), Fast and efficient mesoporous adsorbents for the separation of toxic compounds from aqueous media. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 965-972.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 965.pdf

Abstract: The effect of cationic template on the adsorption of chromium (VI), furfural and copperphthalocyanine-3,4’,4’’,4’’’-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPc) in MCM-41 and MCM-48 mesoporous materials was investigated in this work. We used cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the cationic template and sodiummetasilicate (for MCM-41) and tetraethyl-orthosilicon (for MCM-48) as the silica source for the synthesis of mesoporous materials. The properties of synthesized samples were characterized with XRD-low angle, SEM, N-2 adsorption-desorption and TG-DT analysis. The extent of adsorption was investigated as a function of solution pH, shaking speed, contact time, analyte concentration, reaction temperature and supporting electrolyte (sodium chloride) concentration. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to model the adsorption equilibrium data. The as-synthesized mesoporous samples showed very high adsorption capacity for the analytes and adsorption uptakes were rapid on the adsorbents reaching equilibrium in less than 2 h. The materials without surfactant did not show significant affinity for the analytes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Biosorption, Chromium, Chromium(VI), Compounds, Contact Time, Copperphthalocyanine, Cr(VI) Removal, CTAB, Equilibrium, Fly-Ash, Freundlich, Furfural, Hexavalent Chromium, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, MCM-41, MCM-48, Mesoporous, Molecular-Sieves, Nanoparticles, pH, Sawdust, Selective Adsorption, SEM, Silica, Synthesis, Waste-Water

? Wang, J.N., Zhou, Y., Li, A.M. and Xu, L. (2010), Adsorption of humic acid by bi-functional resin JN-10 and the effect of alkali-earth metal ions on the adsorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 1018-1026.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 1018.pdf

Abstract: This study investigated the adsorption of humic acid (HA) by bi-functional resin JN-10, which removed the HA more effectively than the commercial resins D-301, D-201, XAD-7, and globe active carbon F-400. The difference between the FT-IR spectroscopy and C-13 NMR analysis of JN-10 before and after it adsorbing the HA revealed that both hydrophobic interaction and electric attraction were the adsorption force for the HA. The related thermodynamic parameters exhibited that the adsorption of the HA by JN-10 was an endothermic process. The occurring of adsorption was due to the increase of entropy, and the electric attraction was also a main adsorption force. In order to investigate the influence of the molecule weight (MW) of the HA on its removal by JN-10, the HA with the MWs ranging from 2000 to 100,000 Da was divided into six fractions by ultra-filtration. The HA with a medium MW (6000-10,000 Da) was preferentially removed by JN-10 due to the synergistic effect of hydrophilicity, molecular size, and aromaticity of the HA. The adsorption capacity of JN-10 for the HA increased in the presence of low concentration of alkali-earth metal ions Ca2+ and Mg2+, which neutralized the negative charges of the HA, but it decreased as the concentration of these ions increased because the hydrates formed by the alkali-earth metal ions occupied the adsorption sites of the resin. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Alkali-Earth Metal Ions, Analysis, Aqueous-Solutions, Bi-Functional Resin, C-13, Dom, Enhanced Sorption, Exchange-Resin, Fractionation, FT-IR Spectroscopy, FTIR, Ha, Humic Acid, Metal Ions, Natural Organic-Matter, NMR, Polymeric Adsorbent, Removal, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Water, Weight

? Yadav, V.S., Prasad, M., Khan, J., Amritphale, S.S., Singh, M. and Raju, C.B. (2010), Sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) using red mud. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 1044-1050.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 1044.pdf

Abstract: Red mud, an aluminium industry hazardous waste, has been reported to be an inexpensive and effective adsorbent. In the present work applicability of red mud for the sequestration of green house gases with reference to carbon dioxide has been studied. Red mud sample was separated into three different size fractions (RM I, RM II, RM III) of varying densities (1.5-2.2 g cm(-3)). Carbonation of each fraction of red mud was carried out separately at room temperature using a stainless steel reaction chamber at a fixed pressure of 3.5 bar. Effects of reaction time (0.5-12 h) and liquid to solid ratio (0.2-0.6) were studied for carbonation of red mud. Different instrumental techniques such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR and scanning electron microscope (SEM)were used to ascertain the different mineral phases before and after carbonation of each fraction of red mud. Characterization studies revealed the presence of boehmite, cancrinite, chantalite, hematite, gibbsite. anatase, rutile and quartz. Calcium bearing mineral phases (cancrinite and chantalite) were found responsible for carbonation of red mud. Maximum carbonation was observed for the fraction RM 11 having higher concentration of cancrinite. The carbonation capacity is evaluated to be 5.3 g of CO2/100 g of RM II. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aluminium, Aluminum-Industry, Aqueous-Solutions, Bauxite, Cancrinite, Capture, Carbon Dioxide, Carbonation, Characterization, CO₂, FTIR, Green House Gases, Pressure, Red Mud, Removal, Thermal-Analysis, Transformation, Waste, X-Ray Diffraction

? Sumathi, S., Bhatia, S., Lee, K.T. and Mohamed, A.R. (2010), Selection of best impregnated palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) for simultaneous removal of SO₂ and NO_x. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 1093-1096.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 1093.pdf

Abstract: This work examines the impregnated carbon-based sorbents for simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx from simulated flue gas. The carbon-based sorbents were prepared using palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) impregnated with several metal oxides (Ni, V, Fe and Ce). The removal Of SO2 and NOx from the simulated flue gas was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. The results showed that PSAC impregnated with CeO2 (PSAC-Ce) reported the highest sorption capacity among other impregnated metal oxides for the simultaneous removal Of SO2 and NOx. PSAC-Ce showed the longest breakthrough time of 165 and 115 min for SO2 and NOx, respectively. The properties of the pure and impregnated PSAC were analyzed by BET, FTIR and XRF. The physical-chemical features of the PSAC-Ce sorbent indicated a catalytic activity in both the sorption of SO2 and NOx. The formation of both sulfate (SO42-) and nitrate (NO3-) species on spent PSAC-Ce further prove the catalytic role played by CeO2. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Breakthrough, Catalytic-Reduction, CeO₂, Flue-Gas, FTIR, Metal Oxides, Metal-Oxides, NH₃, NO_x, Palm Shell Activated Carbon (PSAC), Removal, SO₂, Sorbent, Sorption

? Masui, T., Imadzu, H., Matsuyama, N. and Imanaka, N. (2010), Total oxidation of toluene on Pt/CeO₂-ZrO₂-Bi₂O₃/gamma-Al₂O₃ catalysts prepared in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 1106-1109.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 1106.pdf

Abstract: Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-Bi2O3/gamma-Al2O3 (Pt/CZB/Al2O3) catalysts for the catalytic combustion of toluene, which is one of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were prepared by the wet impregnation method in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and BET specific surface area measurement using N-2 adsorption have been used to characterize the catalysts. The catalytic test was conducted from room temperature in a flow of 900 ppm of toluene in air and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 8000 h(-1). The catalytic activity was evaluated in terms of C7H8 conversion and the gas composition after the reaction was analyzed using two gas chromatographs with a flame ionization detector (FID) and a thermal conductivity detector (TCD). The Pt/CZB/Al2O3 catalysts are specific for the total toluene oxidation and CO and any toluene-derivative compounds were not detected as by-products. The specific surface area of the catalysts was increased by the addition of PVP in the preparation process. By the optimization of the amount of platinum, complete oxidation of toluene was realized at a temperature as low as 120 degrees C on a 7 wt%Pt/16wt%Ce0.64Zr0.15Bi0.21O1.895/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Co, Combustion, Complete, Complete Combustion, Compounds, Copper, Crack-Free, Noble-Metal, Organic Compounds, Oxidation, Oxide Catalysts, Perovskites, Platinum Supported Catalyst, Pollutants, Promoter, Temperature Redox Activity, Toluene, Total Oxidation, VOC Oxidation, VOCs, Volatile Organic-Compounds

? Haik, Y., Qadri, S., Ganoe, A., Ashraf, S. and Sawafta, R. (2010), Phase change material for efficient removal of crystal violet dye. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176 (1-3), 1110-1112.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat176, 1110.pdf

Abstract: Hazardous dye removal and recovery from wastewater requires efficient capturing material. We report a phase change material (PCM) with phase change temperature of 16 degrees C giving up to 98% removal of crystal violet in few minutes. The PCM was found to collect 54 times of its weight soluble dye. The dye adsorption kinetics obeys a second order pseudo rate. Upon cooling the PCM to below 16 degrees C it gels and enabled solid removal of the captured dye. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Azo Dyes, Crystal Violet, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dye Recovery, Dye Removal, Equilibrium, Kinetics, Laccase, Phase Change Material, Recovery, Removal, Rights, Second Order, Second-Order, Temperature, Wastewater, Water

? Zhang, Z.Y., Peng, J.H., Srinivasakannan, C., Zhang, Z.B.A., Zhang, L.B., Fernández, Y. and Menéndez, J.A. (2010), Leaching zinc from spent catalyst: Process optimization using response surface methodology. Journal of Hazardous Materials,