Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 613.pdf

Abstract: The removal of boron from aqueous solution by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was studied with self-prepared polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes in the present work. The effect of pH, boron concentration, temperature and salt concentration of the feed solution on the boron rejection was investigated. The experimental results indicated that boron rejection was less dependent on the feed pH and salt concentration. DCMD process had high boron removal efficiency (>99.8%) and the permeate boron was below the maximum permissible level even at feed concentration as high as 750 mg/L. Although the permeate flux was enhanced exponentially with the feed temperature increasing, the influence of feed temperature on the boron rejection could be neglected. Finally, the natural groundwater sample containing 12.7 mg/L of boron was treated by DCMD process. The permeate boron kept below 20 mu g/L whether the feed was acidified or not, but pre-acidification was helpful to maintain the permeate flux stability. All the experimental results indicated that DCMD could be efficiently used for boron removal from aqueous solution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Batch Adsorption, Boron, Boron Removal, Desalination, Fiber, Fluoride, Full Factorial Design, Geothermal Waste-Water, Ion-Exchange-Resins, Membrane Distillation, Permeate Flux, pH, Rejection, Removal, Reverse-Osmosis, Seawater, SWRO Permeate, Technology

? Chen, A.H. and Huang, Y.Y. (2010), Adsorption of Remazol Black 5 from aqueous solution by the templated crosslinked-chitosans. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 668-675.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 668.pdf

Abstract: The templated crosslinked-chitosan microparticles prepared using the imprinting method with the Remazol Black5 (RB5) dye as a template, epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a crosslinker, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution used for the microparticle formation showed the highest adsorption capacity for the RB5 dye compared with those that used other methods with or without a template, three crosslinkers, and two microparticle formations. The results showed that the adsorption of the RB5 dye on the microparticles was affected by the microparticle size, the initial dye concentration, the initial pH value, as well as the temperature. Both kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process were estimated. These data indicated an exothermic spontaneous adsorption process that kinetically followed the second-order adsorption process. Equilibrium experiments fitted well the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for the RB5 dye was 2941 mg/g. The competition study showed that the adsorption of the RB5 dye on the microparticles in the mixture solution was much less affected by the existence of the 3R dye than the other way around. Furthermore, the microparticles could be regenerated through the desorption of the dye in pH 10.0 of NaOH solution and could be reused to adsorb the dye again. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid-Solutions, Adsorption, Beads, Behavior, Capacity, Competition, Desorption, Eosin-Y, Equilibrium, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal, Model, Model Anionic Dye, Nanoparticles, pH, pH Value, RB5, Reactive Dye, Regeneration, Remazol Black5, Removal, Templated Crosslinked-Chitosan, Thermodynamic Parameters

? Peng, Q.Q., Liu, Y.G., Zeng, G.M., Xu, W.H., Yang, C.P. and Zhang, J.J. (2010), Biosorption of copper(II) by immobilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the surface of chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles from aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 676-682.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 676.pdf

Abstract: Immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the surface of chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (SICCM) was applied as a new magnetic adsorbent for the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared magnetic adsorbent was characterized by TEM, XRD and FTIR. TEM images indicated that S. cerevisiae was immobilized on the surface of chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CCM) successfully, and conglobation was not observed. The XRD pictures suggested that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were pure Fe3O4 with a spinel structure and that the immobilizing process did not result in the phase change of Fe3O4. Factors that influence the adsorption of Cu(II) were investigated, which included the initial pH of Cu(II) solution, initial concentration of Cu(II) solution and contact time. The optimum pH for Cu(II) absorption was 4.5. The highest removal efficiency of 96.8% was reached when the initial Cu(II) concentration was 60 mg L-1, and the adsorption capacity was increased with the increase of initial concentration of Cu(II). In particular, SICCM was highly efficient for the fast adsorption of Cu(II) within the first 10 min, and adsorption equilibrium could be achieved in 1 h. Equilibrium studies show that the data of Cu(II) adsorption follow the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II) was estimated to be 144.9 mg g(-1) with a Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant of 0.0719 L mg(-1) at 301 K. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Bioaccumulation, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticle, Contact Time, Copper(II), Cu(II), Cu(II) Ions, Equilibrium, FTIR, Heavy-Metals, Immobilization, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Lead, Nanoparticles, pH, Removal, Reticulata, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, TEM, XRD

? Abdullah, M.A., Rahmah, A.U. and Man, Z. (2010), Physicochemical and sorption characteristics of Malaysian Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. as a natural oil sorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 683-691.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 683.pdf

Abstract: Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn (kapok) is a natural sorbent that exhibits excellent hydrophobic-oleophilic characteristics. The effect of packing density, the oil types and solvent treatment on the sorption characteristics of kapok was studied in a batch system. Oil sorption capacity, retention capacity, entrapment stability and kapok reusability were evaluated. Based on SEM and FTIR analyses, kapok fiber was shown to be a lignocellulosic material with hydrophobic waxy coating over the hollow structures. Higher packing density at 0.08 g/ml showed lower sorption capacity, but higher percentage of dynamic oil retention, with only 1% of oil drained out from the test cell. Kapok remained stable after fifteen cycles of reuse with only 30% of sorption capacity reduction. The oil entrapment stability at 0.08 g/ml packing was high with more than 90% of diesel and used engine oil retained after horizontal shaking. After 8 h of chloroform and alkali treatment, 2.1% and 26.3% reduction in sorption capacity were observed, respectively, as compared to the raw kapok. The rigid hollow structure was reduced to flattened-like structure after alkali treatment, though no major structural difference was observed after chloroform treatment. Malaysian kapok has shown great potential as an effective natural oil sorbent, owing to high sorption and retention capacity, structural stability and high reusability. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Batch, Ceiba Pentandra, Environmental Remediation, Exfoliated Graphite, Fiber, FTIR, Heavy Oils, Hydrophobic Cotton Fibers, Hydrophobicity-Oleophilicity, Kapok, Natural Oil Sorbent, Natural Sorbent, Oil Sorption, Oil, Water Separation, Performance, Recovery, Removal, Retention, Reuse, SEM, Sorbent, Sorption, Spill Cleanup, System, Treatment, Water

? Liu, J.C., Tzou, Y.M., Lu, Y.H., Wu, J.T., Cheng, M.P. and Wang, S.L. (2010), Enhanced chlorophenol sorption of soils by rice-straw-ash amendment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 692-696.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 692.pdf

Abstract: Rice-straw burning is a common post-harvest practice on rice paddy land, which results in the accumulation of rice-straw ash (RSA) in paddy soil. Because the occurrence of RSA in soil may affect the fate and transport of contaminants, this study investigated the sorption of 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) on RSA and RSA amended soils to evaluate the sorptive properties of RSA in soils. The results showed that the sorption of 3-CP to RSA proceeds through a surface reaction rather than through partitioning and that the neutral form of 3-CP is preferentially sorbed to the surface when compared to the deprotonated anionic form of 3-CP. The addition of RSA to the soils enhanced the overall 3-CP sorption, indicating that RSA amendment may be applied to retard the movement of 3-CP in contaminated soils. As the RSA content in the soils was increased from 0% to 2%, the Langmuir sorption maximum of the soils increased from 18-80 to 256-274 mg kg(-1). Thus, RSA contributed more to the total sorption of the soils than other major components in the soils. Nonetheless, the 3-CP sorption of the soils containing RSA was less than the combination of pure RSA and the soils, thereby indicating that the 3-CP sorption of RSA was suppressed. This may be attributed to the competition of organic matter or other soil components for the surface binding sites of RSA. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Black Carbon, Burns, Chlorophenol, Crop Residue Management, Environmental Black Carbon, Langmuir, Particulate Matter, Pentachlorophenol, Rice Straw, Soil, Soils, Sorption, Surface

? Sivasankara, V., Ramachandramoorthy, T. and Chandramohan, A. (2010), Fluoride removal from water using activated and MnO₂-coated Tamarind Fruit (Tamarindus indica) shell: Batch and column studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 719-729.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 719.pdf

Abstract: The present work is concerned with the defluoridation capacities of activated (ATFS) and MnO₂-coated Tamarind Fruit Shell (MTFS), using batch and column sorption techniques. In the batch technique, the dynamics of fluoride sorption, with respect to pH, [F](o) and sorbent dose, was studied. The applicability of pseudo-first order for ATFS and Ritchie-second order for MTFS was observed. The kinetics data were found to fit well with Temkin isotherm for ATFS and Langmuir for MTFS. The interaction of co-ions in the defluoridation capacity of the sorbent was studied. Column experiments were carried out under a constant fluoride concentration of 2 mg/l, flow rate and different bed depths. The capacities of the breakthrough and exhaustion points increased with increase in the bed depth for ATFS unlike MTFS. The Thomson model was applied to the column experimental results. The characterization of the sorbents, ATFS and MTFS, was done using the FTIR, SEM and XRD techniques. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Tamarind Fruit Shell, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Batch, Batch And Column Studies, Biosorption, Breakthrough, Capacity, Characterization, Coal-Based Sorbents, Column, Column Studies, Concentration, Data, Defluoridation, Defluoridation, Drinking-Water, Dynamics, Equilibrium, Exhaustion, Experimental, Experiments, Flow, Flow Rate, Fluoride, Fluoride Removal, FTIR, Interaction, Ion-Exchange, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Manganese Oxide-Coated Tamarind Fruit, Model, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Removal, Rights, SEM, Shell, Sorbent, Sorbent Dose, Sorbents, Sorption, Techniques, Temkin Isotherm, Water, Work, XRD

? Zeng, X.W., Yu, T.J., Wang, P., Yuan, R.H., Wen, Q., Fan, Y.G., Wang, C.H. and Shi, R.F. (2010), Preparation and characterization of polar polymeric adsorbents with high surface area for the removal of phenol from water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 773-780.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 773.pdf

Abstract: Preparation of methyl methacrylate (MMA)/divinylbenzene (DVB) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)/DVB copolymers via suspension polymerization yielded precursors which possess residual vinyl groups. Post-crosslinking of appropriate dichloroethane swollen precursors without external crosslinking agent in the presence of anhydrous ferric chloride (FeCl3) yielded post-crosslinked resins with high surface area and suitable polarity. FT-IR spectrum indicated that increasing the proportion of MMA or EGDMA in monomer mixtures notably reduces the amount of the pendant vinyl groups onto the matrix of the precursors. Furthermore, the pendant vinyl groups of precursors were almost absent when the content of MMA and EGDMA increased to 40 mol% and 20 mol% in the monomers, respectively. The specific surface areas and pore volumes of copolymers showed a remarkable increase after post-crosslinking. Experimental results showed that isotherms of phenol adsorption onto these polymeric adsorbents could be represented by Freundlich model and Langmuir model reasonably. PDE-5pc exhibited higher adsorption capacity of phenol than other adsorbents, which resulted from synergistic effect of larger specific surface area and polar groups onto the network. Column adsorption/desorption dynamic curves suggested that PDE-5pc is a potential candidate for treatment of chemical effluent containing phenol and phenolic pollutants. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous-Solutions, Column, Freundlich, FTIR, High Surface Area, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Network, Pendant Vinyl Groups, Pendant Vinyl Groups, Phenol, Polar Adsorbent, Polymerization, Pore, Pore Structure, Post-Crosslinking, Preparation, Removal, Solid-Phase Extraction, Sorbents, Sorptive Properties, Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers, Swelling Behavior, Treatment, Water, XAD-4 Resin

? Sajjad, A.K.L., Shamaila, S., Tian, B.Z., Chen, F. and Zhang, J.L. (2010), Comparative studies of operational parameters of degradation of azo dyes in visible light by highly efficient WO_x/TiO₂ photocatalyst. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 781-791.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 781.pdf

Abstract: The multidimensional aspects of the photocatalytic activity were investigated in a systematic way by employing the dyes Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and Methyl Orange (MO) as substrates in terms of their degradation or conversion rates. 4.0% WOx/TiO2 nanocomposite demonstrated the best reactivity under visible light, allowing more efficient usage of solar light. The reduced form of W decreased the band gap and inhibited electron hole recombination efficiently. This composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the operational parameters under visible light irradiation such as optimization of nanocomposites wt%, change of pH, reuse of catalyst and initial dye concentration. The kinetics of the dyes degradation was found to follow the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Decomposition or mineralization was investigated with the changes of absorption spectra, pH, degradation efficiency and TOC removal in visible irradiation systems. FT-IR spectroscopy of these adsorbed dyes on WOx/TiO2 powder provided an insight to the mode of its adsorption on WOx/TiO2. It was found that the dye adsorbed on WOx/TiO2 underwent a series of oxidation steps which lead to decolorization and formation of a number of intermediates mainly aromatic and aliphatic acids. These intermediates were quantified by GC/GC-MS. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Anionic Dye, AO7, Aqueous-Solution, Decomposition, Degradation, Dye, Dyes, FT-IR Spectroscopy, FTIR, Heterogeneous Photocatalysis, Hydrazone Tautomerism, Kinetics, Lead, Methyl-Orange, Mo, Nanocomposites, Operational Parameters, Oxidation, pH, Photocatalysis, Removal, Reuse, Step Flame Synthesis, TEM, Tio2, Titanium-Dioxide, WO₃, TiO₂ Nanoparticles, WOx, TiO₂, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD, ZnO

? Wijetunga, S., Li, X.F. and Jian, C. (2010), Effect of organic load on decolourization of textile wastewater containing acid dyes in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 792-798.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 792.pdf

Abstract: Textile wastewater (TW) is one of the most hazardous wastewater for the environment when discharged without proper treatment. Biological treatment technologies have shown encouraging results over the treatment of recalcitrant compounds containing wastewaters. Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) was evaluated in terms of colour and the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) with different organic loads using TW containing dyes belonging to different chemical groups. The study was performed using six different dye concentrations (10 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 300 mg/L) with three COD levels (similar to 1000 mg/L, similar to 2000 mg/L, similar to 3000 mg/L). Decolourization, COD removal and reactor stability were monitored. Over 85% of colour removal was observed with all dye concentrations with three organic loads. Acid Red 131 and Acid Yellow 79 were decolourized through biodegradation while Acid Blue 204 was decolourized due to adsorption onto anaerobic granules. COD removal was high in all dye concentrations, regardless of co-substrate levels. The reactor did not show any instability during the study. The activity of granules was not affected by the dyes. Methanothrix like bacteria were the dominant group in granules before introducing TW, however, they were reduced and cocci-shape microorganism increased after the treatment of textile wastewater. (C) 2010 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Dyes, Adsorption, Anaerobic Treatment, Azo-Dye, Bacteria, Batch, Biodegradation, Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD, COD Removal, Compounds, Decolorization, Decolourization, Dye, Dyes, Performance, Removal, System, Textile Wastewater, Treatment, UASB Reactor, UASB Reactor, Wastewater, Wastewaters

? Ahn, C.K., Woo, S.H. and Park, J.M. (2010), Surface solubilization of phenanthrene by surfactant sorbed on soils with different organic matter contents. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 799-806.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 799.pdf

Abstract: The effect of sorbed surfactant on the distribution of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) during soil washing was investigated using a mathematical model. Phenanthrene (PHE) as an HOC and Triton X-100 (TX100) as a nonionic surfactant were used with two soils with low (SS) and high (BS) organic matter contents. The available carbon fraction (f(A, soil)*) after surfactant sorption was determined from surfactant coverage by measuring soil surface area using a methylene blue method. The sorbed surfactant was greatly effective as a sorbent for PHE, with an effectiveness factor (epsilon(soil)) in the range of 10.9-117.2 for SS and 39.7-121.3 for BS. Surface molar solubilization ratio (MSRs) and epsilon(soil) decreased with increasing TX100 dose. The MSRs decrement was lower for BS than for SS probably due to stronger affinity of PHE on organic matter in BS than in SS, which cause lower efficiency of soil washing than estimated by intrinsic sorption of PHE. These results suggest that soil washing in the field using surfactant for soils with high organic matter contents may give much lower efficiency than expected due to additional adsorption of HOC onto sorbed surfactant. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Available Carbon Fraction, Biodegradation, Bioremediation, Compounds, Effectiveness Factor, Mathematical Model, Methylene Blue, Non-Ionic Surfactants, Nonionic Surfactant, Organic Compounds, Phenanthrene, Polycyclic Aromatic-Hydrocarbons, Remediation, Selective Adsorption, Soil, Soils, Sorbent, Sorption, Surfactant Enhanced Soil Washing, System

? Lawal, O.S., Sanni, A.R., Ajayi, I.A. and Rabiu, O.O. (2010), Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies for the biosorption of aqueous Lead(II) ions onto the seed husk of Calophyllum inophyllum. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 829-835.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 829.pdf

Abstract: Biosorption of Lead(II) ions from aqueous solution onto the seed husk of Calophyllum inophyllum was investigated in a batch system. Equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetic studies were conducted by considering the effects of pH, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, and temperature. The results showed that the uptake of the metal ions increased with increase in initial metal ion concentration. The pH for optimum adsorption was 4 for the Pb(II) ions (q = 4.86 mg/g and 97.2% adsorption). Langmuir isotherm described the biosorption of Pb(II) ions onto the biomass (R² = 0.9531) better than the Freundlich model (R² = 0.7984), and the Temkin model (R² = 0.8761). Biosorption kinetics data obtained for the metal ions sorption were fitted using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. It was found that the kinetics data fitted well into the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG), standard enthalpy (ΔH) and standard entropy (ΔS) were evaluated. The result showed that biosorption of the metal ion onto C. inophyllum biomass was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The results of FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) revealed that carboxyl, amine, and hydroxyl groups on the biomass surface were involved in the adsorption of Pb(II) ions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch System, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption Kinetics, Cadmium, Calophyllum Inophyllum, Concentration, Cr(III), Data, Endothermic, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, FTIR, Gibbs Free Energy, Heavy-Metals, Infrared Spectroscopy, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead, Lead(II), Metal, Metal Ion, Metal Ions, Model, Pb(II), Pb(II) Ions, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Removal, Rights, Solution, Sorption, Spectroscopy, Standard, Surface, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Time, Uptake, Waste-Water

? Vyrides, I., Conteras, P.A. and Stuckey, D.C. (2010), Post-treatment of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) saline effluent using powdered activated carbon (PAC). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 836-841.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 836.pdf

Abstract: Powdered activated carbon (PAC) was added to an effluent from a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) treating saline wastewater as a post-treatment method. The adsorption of contaminants was carried out and key Freundlich isotherm parameters were evaluated. The results showed a reduction in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the effluent of over 80% after treatment with 1.7 g PAC/L. The composition of the effluent was determined by the use of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and by GC-MS analysis. Most of the components of the effluent had a MW less than 1 kDa, and these were the hardest to eliminate by PAC adsorption. m-Aminophenylacetylene, cyclohexane 1,2,4 trimethyl and cholestan 3-one were found in the effluent, but could be removed by PAC adsorption. Finally, different methods for using PAC, with or without biomass, revealed that aerobic biomass enhanced the adsorption process resulting in higher DOC removals. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Anaerobic Membrane Reactor, Analysis, Biomass, COD, Competitive Adsorption, DOC, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Isotherm, Molecular-Weight, Organic-Matter, PAC, Post-Treatment, Powdered Activated Carbon, Saline Sewage, SMP, Soluble Microbial Products, Toxicity, Treatment, Waste-Water Treatment, Wastewater, Wastewaters

? Chou, W.L. (2010), Removal and adsorption characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol from aqueous solutions using electrocoagulation. Journal of Hazardous Materials,