Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 842.pdf

Abstract: The study was to investigate the performance of electrocoagulation (EC) for the efficient removal of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) from aqueous solutions. Several parameters were evaluated to characterize the PVA removal efficiency, such as various electrode pairs, current densities, supporting electrolytes, temperatures, and initial electrolyte concentrations. The effects of the current density, supporting electrolyte, and temperature on the electrical energy consumption were also investigated. The experimental results indicate that a Fe/Al electrode pair is the optimum choice out of four different electrode pair combinations. The optimum current density, supporting electrolyte concentration, and temperature were found to be 5 mA cm^-2, 0.008N NaCl, and 298 K. respectively. The PVA removal efficiency decreased with increasing in the initial concentrations. The kinetic studies indicated that the EC process was best described using pseudo-second-order kinetics. The experimental data were also compared to different adsorption isotherm models in order to describe the EC process. The adsorption of PVA was best fitted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters such as the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy indicated that the adsorption of PVA on metal hydroxides was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in the temperature range of 288-318 K. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherm Model, Adsorption Isotherm Models, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetics, Alcohol, Aluminum, Aqueous Solutions, Characteristics, Choice, Concentration, Consumption, Data, Degradation, EC, Efficiency, Electrocoagulation, Electrodes, Endothermic, Energy, Energy Consumption, Enhanced Fenton Reaction, Enthalpy, Entropy, Experimental, Gibbs Free Energy, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm, Metal, Model, Models, NaCl, Oxidation, Performance, Phosphate, Poly(Vinyl Alcohol), Polyvinyl Alcohol, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, PVA Removal, Range, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Rights, Silica, Solutions, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Waste-Water

? Li, Y.H., Liu, F.Q., Xia, B., Du, Q.J., Zhang, P., Wang, D.C., Wang, Z.H. and Xia, Y.Z. (2010), Removal of copper from aqueous solution by carbon nanotube/calcium alginate composites. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 876-880.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 876.pdf

Abstract: With bulk production and increasing application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as adsorbents in wastewater treatment, they will eventually be discharged into water environment and result in human contact risk to these toxic materials. However, so far few attentions have been paid to resolve the environmental micro-pollution caused by these micro-sized CNTs. In this research, an environmental friendly adsorbent, CNTs immobilized by calcium alginate (CNTs/CA) was prepared. Its copper adsorption properties were investigated via equilibrium studies. Experimental results showed that copper removal efficiency of CNTs/CA is high and reaches 69.9% even at a lower pH of 2.1. The copper adsorption capacity of CNTs/CA can attain 67.9 mg/g at copper equilibrium concentration of 5 mg/L. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Biosorption, Ca-Alginate, Calcium Alginate, Calcium Alginate, Carbon Nanotubes, CNTS, Copper, Copper Adsorption, Encapsulated Magnetic Sorbent, Equilibrium, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Lead, Nanotubes, pH, Production, Removal, Research, Sodium Alginate, Treatment, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, Water

? Schiewer, S. and Iqbal, M. (2010), The role of pectin in Cd binding by orange peel biosorbents: A comparison of peels, depectinated peels and pectic acid. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 899-907.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 899.pdf

Abstract: Biosorption by cheaply and abundantly available materials such as citrus peels can be a cost efficient method for removing heavy metals from wastewater. To investigate the role pectin plays in metal binding by citrus peels, native orange peels, protonated peels, depectinated peels, and extracted pectic acid were compared. Kinetic experiments showed that equilibrium was achieved in 1 h. The 1st-order model was more effective in describing the kinetics than the 2nd-order model. Titrations showed two acidic sites with pK(a) values around 4 (carboxyl) and 10.5 (hydroxyl), respectively. The pH dependent surface charge was described well by a two-site model. Sorption isotherms were best modeled assuming a 1:2 binding stoichiometry, followed by the Langmuir and the Freundlich model. The binding capacity was highest for pectic acid (2.9 mequiv./g) followed by protonated peels and native peels, being lowest for depectinated peels (1.7 mequiv./g). This showed the importance of pectin in metal binding by citrus peels. However, even depectinated peels were still good sorbents which still provided carboxyl groups that were involved in metal binding. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in all materials and their involvement in metal binding. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorptive Separation, Aqueous-Solutions, Biosorption, Biosorption, Cadmium, Citrus Peels, Cu(II) Binding, Equilibrium, Freundlich, FTIR, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Mechanism, Pectin, pH, Removal, Sorption, Sorption Isotherms, Titration, Waste, Wastewater

? Xenidis, A., Stouraiti, C. and Papassiopi, N. (2010), Stabilization of Pb and As in soils by applying combined treatment with phosphates and ferrous iron. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 929-937.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 929.pdf

Abstract: The chemical immobilization of Pb and As in contaminated soil from Lavrion, Greece, using monocalcium phosphate and ferrous sulfate as stabilizing agents was investigated. Monocalcium phosphate was added to contaminated soil at PO4 to Pb molar ratios equal to 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2.5, whereas ferrous sulfate was added at Fe to As molar ratios equal to 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20. Phosphates addition to contaminated soil decreased Pb leachability, but resulted in significant mobilization of As. Simultaneous immobilization of Pb and As was obtained only when soil was treated with mixtures of phosphates and ferrous sulfate. Arsenic uptake by plants was also seen to increase when soil was treated only with phosphates, but co-addition of ferrous sulfate was efficient in maintaining As phytoaccumulation at low levels. The addition of at least 1.5 M/M phosphates and 10 M/M iron sulfate to soil reduced the dissolved levels of Pb and As in the water extracts to values in compliance with the EU drinking water standards. However, both additives contributed in the acidification of soil, decreasing pH from 7.8 to values as low as 5.6 and induced the mobilization of pH sensitive elements, such as Zn and Cd. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acidification, Arsenic, Arsenic-Contaminated Soil, Drinking Water, Firing Range Soils, Immobilization, In-Situ Stabilization, Iron Sulfate, Lead, Lead Orthophosphates, Mobility, pH, Phosphates, Remediation, Soil, Soils, Sorption, Stabilization, Treatment, Water, Zn

? Ghassabzadeh, H., Mohadespour, A., Torab-Mostaedi, M., Zaheri, P., Maragheh, M.G. and Taheri, H. (2010), Adsorption of Ag, Cu and Hg from aqueous solutions using expanded perlite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 950-955.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 950.pdf

Abstract: The aim of the present work was to investigate the ability of expanded perlite (EP) to remove of silver, copper and mercury ions from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out and the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature of solution on the removal process has been investigated. The optimum pH for the adsorption was found to be 6.5. Adsorption of these metal ions reached their equilibrium concentration in 120, 240 and 180 min for Ag(I), Cu(II) and Hg(II) ions, respectively. Experimental data were also evaluated in terms of kinetic characteristics of adsorption and it was found that adsorption process for these metal ions followed well pseudo-second-order kinetics. Using Langmuir isotherm model, maximum adsorption capacity of EP was found to be 8.46, 1.95 and 0.35 mg/g for Ag(I), Cu(II) and Hg(II) ions, respectively. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters including, the change of free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) of adsorption were calculated for each metal ion. The results showed that the adsorption of these metal ions on EP was feasible and exothermic at 20-50°C. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous Solutions, Batch Adsorption, Bentonite, Cadmium, Capacity, Characteristics, Chitosan, Concentration, Copper, Copper(II), Cu, Data, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Exothermic, Expanded Perlite, Expanded Perlite (EP), Experiments, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Mercury, Metal, Metal Ion, Metal Ions, Methylene-Blue, Model, Perlite, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Rank Turkish Coals, Removal, Rights, Silver, Silver(I), Solution, Solutions, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Time, Water, Work

? Aktas, O. and Cecen, F. (2010), Adsorption and cometabolic bioregeneration in activated carbon treatment of 2-nitrophenol. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 956-961.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 956.pdf

Abstract: The extent of cometabolic bioregeneration of activated carbons loaded with 2-nitrophenol was investigated in lab-scale batch activated sludge reactors. Bioregeneration was quantified by measuring the deterioration in adsorption capacity of a fresh activated carbon after a pre-loading and a subsequent bioregeneration sequence. Activated carbons loaded with 2-nitrophenol could be partially bioregenerated cometabolically in the presence of phenol as the growth substrate. The occurrence of exoenzymatic bioregeneration was also possible during cometabolic bioregeneration of thermally activated carbon. However, cometabolic bioregeneration of chemically activated carbon was higher in accordance with higher desorbability. Rather than biodegradation, desorption was the rate-limiting step in bi-solute bioregeneration of phenol and 2-nitrophenol. The absence of oxidative coupling reactions leads to sufficient reversible adsorption, which eventually makes 2-nitrophenol an ideal compound in terms of bioregenerability. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 2-Nitrophenol, Activated Carbon, Activated Carbons, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Batch, Biodegradation, Bioregeneration, Cometabolism, Desorption, Nitrophenol, Phenol, Sludge, Treatment

? Monier, M., Ayad, D.M., Wei, Y. and Sarhan, A.A. (2010), Adsorption of Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions by modified magnetic chitosan chelating resin. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 962-970.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 962.pdf

Abstract: Cross-linked magnetic chitosan-isatin Schiffs base resin (CSIS) was prepared for adsorption of metal ions. CSIS obtained was investigated by means of FTIR, H-1 NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), magnetic properties and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption properties of cross-linked magnetic CSIS resin toward Cu²⁺, Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions were evaluated. Various factors affecting the uptake behavior such as contact time, temperature, pH and initial concentration of the metal ions were investigated. The kinetic parameters were evaluated utilizing the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics followed the mechanism of the pseudo-second-order equation for all systems studied, evidencing chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism and not involving a mass transfer in solution. The best interpretation for the equilibrium data was given by Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 103.16, 53.51, and 40.15 mg/g for Cu²⁺, Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, respectively. Cross-linked magnetic CSIS displayed higher adsorption capacity for Cu²⁺ in all pH ranges studied. The adsorption capacity of the metal ions decreased with increasing temperature. The metal ion-loaded cross-linked magnetic CSIS were regenerated with an efficiency of greater than 88% using 0.01-0.1 M ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). (C) 2010 Elsevier BA/. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Mechanism, Adsorption Properties, Analysis, Aqueous-Solutions, Behavior, Capacity, Chelating Resin, Chemical, Chitosan, Co(II), Co²⁺, Concentration, Cross-Linked, Cross-Linked Chitosan, Cu(II), Cu²⁺, Data, Edta, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Freundlich, FTIR, Gel Beads, Glutaraldehyde, H-1-Nmr, Ions, Isatin, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Parameters, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Magnetic, Magnetic Properties, Magnetic Resin, Mass Transfer, Mechanism, Mercury(II), Metal, Metal Ions, Metal-Ions, Models, Modified, Ni(II), Ni(II) Ions, Ni²⁺, NMR, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Equation, Rate Limiting Step, Rate-Limiting Step, Removal, Resin, Rights, Schiff’s Base, Selective Separation, Solution, Sorption, Systems, Temperature, TGA, Time, Uptake, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction

? Cheng, B., Le, Y. and Yu, J.G. (2010), Preparation and enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag@TiO₂ core-shell nanocomposite nanowires. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 971-977.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 971.pdf

Abstract: Ag@TiO2 core-shell nanocomposite nanowires were synthesized via a vapor-thermal method using Ag nanowires as templates and tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT) as precursors at 150 degrees C for 10 h. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by photocatalytic decolorization of Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution at ambient temperature under UV-light irradiation. The results show that the Ag@TiO2 core-shell nanowires exhibit highly efficient and recyclable photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RhB aqueous solution. Moreover, in contrast to the discrete nanoparticles, the Ag@TiO2 nanowires can be readily separated from the treated solution by natural settlement after photocatalytic reaction. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Degradation, Isotherms, Macro-, Mesoporous Titania, Nanocomposite, Nanoparticles, Nanowires, Photocatalytic Activity, Photooxidation, Preparation, Rhodamine B, Silver, Sol-Gel Method, Template-Free Fabrication, Thin-Films, TiO₂ Powders, Titanium Oxides, Transformation, Vapor-Thermal Method, Visible-Light, X-Ray Diffraction

? Li, G.W., Zhang, L.H., Li, Z.W. and Zhang, W.Q. (2010), PAR immobilized colorimetric fiber for heavy metal ion detection and adsorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 983-989.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 983.pdf

Abstract: A new wearable colorimetric fiber for heavy metal ion detection and adsorption has been synthesized by first aminating a commercially available polyacrylonitrile fiber with ethylenediamine and then covalently immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo)-1,3-benzenediol (PAR) on the modified fiber through a Mannich reaction. The fiber was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction spectra (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy, and its acid exchange capacity, colorimetric properties, response speed, selectivity, reusability, photostability and adsorption capacity were investigated. In neutral aqueous solutions, the PAR immobilized fiber responds selectively to heavy metal ions, such as Hg2+, Pb2+,Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ with a color change from red-orange to dark-brown. Its visual detection limit for Pb2+ is 1 x 10(-6) mol/L. Moreover, the selectivity increases with a decrease in pH, i.e. at pH 3.0, it shows a color change only for Hg2+ and Cu2+. This fiber also shows excellent reusability (>50 times), high photostability (>30 days under direct exposure to sunlight) and high adsorption capacity for Hg2+ (0.74 mmol/g). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 4-(2-Pyridylazo)Resorcinol Par, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solution, Chelating Fiber, Color, Colorimetric Fiber, Fiber, FTIR, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ion Detection, Heavy Metal Ions, Manganese(II), Mannich Reaction, Metal Ions, Modified Activated Carbon, Nanosensor Design, Ni²⁺, Par, Pb²⁺, pH, Polyacrylonitrile, Polyacrylonitrile Fiber, Removal, SEM, Sensor, XRD

? Mui, E.L.K., Cheung, W.H., Valix, M. and Mckay, G. (2010), Dye adsorption onto char from bamboo. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 1001-1005.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 1001.pdf

Abstract: Experiments have been carried out to prepare char from waste bamboo scaffolding for wastewater treatment. Carbonisation parameters such as temperature, holding time, heating rate and particle size were investigated. When the material was heated to 1173K for 2 h, surface area (SBET-N2) and total pore volume (V-total) were 327 m(2)/g and 0.185 cm(3)/g, respectively. Particle size and heating rate appear less influential to the yield and textural characteristics of the resultant chars. Bamboo char obtained in this study did not show very high adsorption capacities for two acid dyes (Acid Blue 25 and Acid Yellow 117) but exhibited significant uptake of Methylene Blue. The equilibrium data were modelled by three different isotherms, namely, Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson model. Comparing the predicted data using optimised parameters from each model based on the SSE error function, the Redlich-Peterson isotherm appears the ‘best’ model to correlate experimental data. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Bamboo, Biomass-Pyrolysis, Carbon, Carbonisation, Char, Chemical-Properties, Dye, Dyes, Effluent, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Methylene Blue, Pore, Removal, Rice Straw, Temperature, Treatment, Waste, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment

? Chu, K.H. (2010), Fixed bed sorption: Setting the record straight on the Bohart-Adams and Thomas models. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 1006-1012.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 1006.pdf

Abstract: The Bohart-Adams model and the so-called Thomas model are commonly used in the modeling of fixed bed breakthrough curves in environmental sorption and biosorption research. Some authors fit the two equations to the same set of experimental breakthrough data and compare their modeling capabilities, implying that the two expressions are separate and independent models. This article clarifies unambiguously and demonstrates conclusively that the two models are in reality mathematically equivalent to each other and their parameters interchangeable. The salient features of the Bohart-Adams model and the genuine Thomas model are outlined here and their relationship delineated. The main difference between the Bohart-Adams and actual Thomas models lies in the form of the sorption isotherm assumed. The former assumes a rectangular (irreversible) isotherm while the latter assumes a Langmuir (favorable) isotherm. It is shown that, when the sorption isotherm is highly favorable, the actual Thomas model reduces to the Bohart-Adams model. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Behavior, Biosorption, Bohart-Adams Model, Breakthrough, Breakthrough Curve, Constants, Copper Biosorption, Desorption, Fixed-Bed, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Modeling, Prediction, Research, Sorption, Thomas Model

? Guo, H.Q., Zhang, J., Liu, Z.Y., Yang, S.G. and Sun, C. (2010), Effect of Tween80 and beta-cyclodextrin on the distribution of herbicide mefenacet in soil-water system. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 1039-1045.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 1039.pdf

Abstract: The effect of two solubilizers, Tween80 and beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) on the distribution of herbicide mefenacet (MF) in soil-water system was investigated. The results indicated that in the absence of Tween80 and BCD, the adsorption of MF on the natural soils fitted well with the Freundlich model and the K-f values were positively related to organic carbon content in the soils. The K-oc values were in the ranges of 52.7-606.6 L kg(-1). Desorption of MF from the soils was irreversible and positive hysteresis was observed in all the cases. In addition, it was found that the solubility of MF in aqueous phase could be enhanced greatly in the presence of Tween80 and BCD. The adsorption isotherms of Tween80 were fitted well with the linear Langmuir sorption model, and that of BCD fitted well with linear adsorption model. Moreover, it was also observed that the presence of proper concentration of Tween80 and BCD can enhance the transfer of MF from soil phase to aqueous phase. Although BCD presented more adsorption loss than Tween80, a carbon-normalized model suggested the adsorbed BCD had a weaker affinity for MF than the adsorbed Tween80, and experiment results showed the BCD could be a more effective solvent for desorption of MF compared with Tween80. The present study indicated that Tween80 and BCD had great potential in the area of ex situ enhanced soil remediation especially that based on full dynamic mixed model. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Beta-Cyclodextrin, Bioavailability, Biodegradation, Desorption, Desorption, Distribution, Freundlich, Isotherms, Langmuir, Mefenacet, Nonionic Surfactant, Organic-Compounds, Pesticides, Polycyclic Aromatic-Hydrocarbons, Remediation, Soil, Soil Remediation, Soils, Solubilization, Sorption, System, Tween80

? Cuerda-Correa, E.M., Domínguez-Vargas, J.R., Olivares-Marín, F.J. and de Heredia, J.B. (2010), On the use of carbon blacks as potential low-cost adsorbents for the removal of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from river water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 1046-1053.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 1046.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely naproxen and ketoprofen, has been studied. Low-cost carbonaceous materials such as carbon blacks have been used as the adsorbents. The influence of temperature (20-60 degrees C), pH (3-11), ionic strength (0.01-0.1 M), textural properties of the adsorbents (S-BET and pore volumes) and aqueous matrix on the adsorption process has been analyzed. The adsorption isotherms have been determined both in milli-Q (TM) aqueous solution and water from the Guadiana river. Ionic strength and pH exert a noticeable influence on the process. In general, the removal is favored at low values of temperature and pH. On the contrary, an increase of the ionic strength seems to favor the adsorption process. The use of more porous adsorbents results in a more effective removal of the pollutants. Finally, the use of natural river water results in a noticeable increase of the removal capacity of naproxen and, particularly, ketoprofen. The experimental results proved that, under the optimal operation conditions, up to 517 mg/g of naproxen and 400 mg/g of ketoprofen may be adsorbed, which demonstrates the promising potential of these adsorbents for the removal of the pharmaceuticals under study. (C) 2010 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption-Kinetics, Carbamazepine, Carbon Blacks, Degradation, Drug Removal, Endocrine Disruptors, Ionic Strength, Isotherms, Ketoprofen, Model, Naproxen, Naproxen, Nsaids, Personal Care Products, pH, Pharmaceutical Compounds, Pore, Removal, Surface, Water

? Chien, S.W.C., Chen, C.Y., Chang, J.H., Chen, S.H., Wang, M.C. and Mannepalli, M.R. (2010), Sorption of toluene by humic acids derived from lake sediment and mountain soil at different pH. Journal of Hazardous Materials,