Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 517.pdf

Abstract: Ce-doped titania hollow spheres were prepared using carbon spheres as template and Ce-doped titania nanoparticles as building blocks. The Ce-doped titania nanoparticles were synthesized at low temperature. The prepared hollow spheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS). The effect of Ce content on the physical structure and photocatalytic properties of doped titania hollow sphere samples was investigated. Results showed that there was an optimal Ce-doped content (4%) for the photocatalytic activity of X-3B degradation. The apparent rate constant of the best one was almost 31 times as that of P25 titania. The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of dyes under visible light irradiation was also discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Anatase, Ce-Doped, Degradation, Dyes, Hollow Sphere, Irradiation, Nanoparticles, Nitrogen, Photocatalysis, Pollutants, Preparation, TEM, Temperature, TiO₂ Thin-Films, Titania, Visible-Light Illumination, X-Ray Diffraction, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS, XRD

? Li, K.Q., Li, Y. and Zheng, Z. (2010), Kinetics and mechanism studies of p-nitroaniline adsorption on activated carbon fibers prepared from cotton stalk by NH₄H₂PO₄ activation and subsequent gasification with steam. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 553-559.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 553.pdf

Abstract: Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were prepared for the removal of p-nitroaniline (PNA) from cotton stalk by chemical activation with NH₄H₂PO₄ and subsequent physical activation with steam. Surface properties of the prepared ACFs were performed using nitrogen adsorption, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. The influence of contact time, solution temperature and surface property on PNA adsorption onto the prepared ACFs was investigated by conducting a series of batch adsorption experiments. The kinetic rates at different temperatures were modeled by using the Lagergren-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Morris’s intraparticle diffusion and Boyd’s film-diffusion models, respectively. It was found that the maximum adsorption of PNA on the ACFs was more than 510 mg/L, and over 60% adsorption occurred in first 25 min. The effect of temperature on the adsorption was related to the contacting time and the micropore structure of the adsorbents. And the increase of micropore surface area favored the adsorption process. Kinetic rates fitted the pseudo-second-order model very well. The pore diffusion played an important role in the entire adsorption period, and intraparticle diffusion was the rate-limiting step in the beginning 20 min. The Freundlich model provided a better data fitting as compared with the Langmuir model. The surface micrograph of the ACF after adsorption showed a distinct roughness with oval patterns. The results revealed that the adsorption was in part with multimolecular layers of coverage. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 4-Nitroaniline, Acf, Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon Fiber, Activation, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Carbon, Chemical, Chemical Activation, Cotton Stalk, Coverage, Data, Degradation, Diffusion, Equilibrium, Experiments, Fibers, Film Diffusion, First, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, FTIR, FTIR Spectroscopy, Intraparticle Diffusion, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Mechanism, Model, Models, Nitrogen, Nitrophenol, Oxidation, P-Nitroaniline, Physical, Physical Activation, Pore Diffusion, Property, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Rate Limiting Step, Rate-Limiting Step, Rates, Removal, Rights, Role, SEM, Solution, Spectroscopy, Structure, Surface, Surface Area, Temperature, Waste, Water

? Chen, C., Cai, W.M., Long, M.C., Zhang, J.Y., Zhou, B.X., Wu, Y.H. and Wu, D.Y. (2010), Template-free sol-gel preparation and characterization of free-standing visible light responsive C,N-modified porous monolithic TiO₂. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 560-565.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 560.pdf

Abstract: Visible light responsive C,N-modified porous monolithic titania (MTf) has been successfully synthesized. The template-free sol-gel synthesis method accompanied by phase separation and in situ C,N-modification has been used. The molar ratio of water to tetrabutyl titanate (f) in starting solution plays an important role in the porous structure and photoactivity of MTf. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and N-2 adsorption-desorption analysis show that MTf possess mesoporous structure as well as macroporous structure. MT22 has been further characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The results show that both nitrogen and carbon elements exist in MT22 and result in the visible light photocatalytic activity of MT22. The observed reaction rate of decolorization of methyl orange is 0.0026 min(-1). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Analysis, Anatase TiO₂, Doped TiO₂, Dye, Irradiation, Mesoporous, Modification, Nitrogen, Performance, Phase-Separation, Photocatalysis, Photocatalytic Degradation, Porous Monolith, SEM, Sol-Gel, Synthesis, TiO₂, Titania, Titanium Dioxide, Visible Light, Visible-Light, Water, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS, XRD

? Šiljeg, M., Foglar, L. and Kukučka, M. (2010), The ground water ammonium sorption onto Croatian and Serbian clinoptilolite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 572-577.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 572.pdf

Abstract: The removal of ammonium from the Valpovo region ground water (VGW) with the use of natural clinoptilolite samples from the Donje Jesenje deposit (Croatia) and the Zlatokop deposit in Vranjska Banja (Serbia) was studied. The natural Serbian (SZ) and Croatian zeolites (CZ) were transformed to the Na-form (Na-CZ and Na-SZ) in order to increase the exchange capacity of zeolite. The CZ and SZ theoretic ammonium sorption capacities were 24.24 mg NH4+/g CZ and 32.55 mg NH4+/gSZ, respectively. The application of natural and Na-form of clinoptilolite for efficient removal of ammonium ions from VGW was further investigated. For that purpose, the four “filter guard” vessels filled with zeolite samples were set in parallel in the ground water purification pilot plant. The complete ammonium removal, with the use of SZ and Na-SZ was achieved during 20 h. After having observed saturation of clinoptilolite, the samples were regenerated with the use of 2 mol/L NaCl, and reused for determination of ammonium sorption efficiency. The regenerated samples showed to be still very efficient for NH4+ removal and, in addition, the SZ was shown as superior for ammonium removal in comparison to the CZ. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Ammonium, Aqueous-Solutions, Biological Regeneration, Clinoptilolite, Complete, Croatia, Ground Water, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange Uptake, Iron, Manganese, Natural Clinoptilolite, Nitrate Removal, Nitrogen Removal, Regeneration, Removal, Sorption, Waste-Water, Water, Zeolite, Zeolite-Clinoptilolite

? Zhao, Y.F., Zhang, B., Zhang, X., Wang, J.H., Liu, J.D. and Chen, R.F. (2010), Preparation of highly ordered cubic NaA zeolite from halloysite mineral for adsorption of ammonium ions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 658-664.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 658.pdf

Abstract: Well-ordered cubic NaA zeolite was first synthesized using natural halloysite mineral with nanotubular structure as source material by hydro-thermal method. SEM and HRTEM images indicate that the synthesized NaA zeolite is cubic-shaped crystal with planar surface, well-defined edges and symmetrical and uniform pore channels. The adsorption behavior of ammonium ions (NH4+) from aqueous solution onto NaA zeolite was investigated as a function of parameters such as equilibrium time, pH, initial NH4+ concentration, temperature and competitive cations. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. A maximum adsorption capacity of 44.3 mg g(-1) of NH4+ was achieved. The regeneration and reusable ability of this adsorbent was evaluated, and the results indicated that the recovered adsorbent could be used again for NH4+ removal with nearly constant adsorption capacity. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (Delta G(0)), enthalpy (Delta H-0) and entropy (Delta S-0) were also determined, which indicated that the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process at ambient conditions. Compared with other adsorbents, the as-synthesized NaA zeolite displays a faster adsorption rate and higher adsorption capacity, which implies potential application for removing NH4+ pollutants from wastewaters. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Ammonium Ions, Aqueous-Solution, Equilibrium, Exchange Uptake, Fly-Ash, Freundlich, Halloysite Mineral, Hydro-Thermal Method, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Mordenite, NaA Zeolite, Natural Clinoptilolite, pH, Pore, Preparation, Regeneration, Removal, SEM, Simultaneous Removal, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Waste-Water, Zeolite

? Huang, H.Y., Zhao, C.D., Ji, Y.S., Nie, R., Zhou, P. and Zhang, H.X. (2010), Preparation, characterization and application of p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene-SBA-15 mesoporous silica molecular sieves. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 680-685.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 680.pdf

Abstract: p-tert-Butyl-calix[4]arene-SBA-15 mesoporous silica molecular sieves have been prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements. FT-IR spectra showed the presence of methylene (-CH2-), methyl (-CH3) and phenyl bands on the modified SBA-15. Powder XRD data indicated the structure of p-tertbutyl-calix[4]arene-SBA-15 remained the host SBA-15 structure. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed a decrease in surface area and pore size. The adsorption capacity of the materials to diethylstilbestrol and bisphenol A was studied via the dynamic adsorption experiments. The maximum dynamic adsorption capacity on modified materials was 34.8 and 2.9 times higher than SBA-15 particles for diethylstilbestrol and bisphenol A, respectively. The results indicated that p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene-SBA-15 particles could be used to the enrich the various compounds in water samples before the further analysis. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Bisphenol-A, Calix[4]Arene, Compounds, Environmental-Samples, Fourier Transform Infrared, FTIR, Infrared, Mesoporous, Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieves, Molecular Sieves, Monolayers, Octadecyltrichlorosilane, Performance Liquid-Chromatography, Phenol, Pollutants, Pore, Preparation, SBA-15, Separation, Silica, Solid-Phase Extraction, Water, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD

? Igura, M. and Okazaki, M. (2010), Cadmium sorption characteristics of phosphorylated sago starch-extraction residue. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 686-692.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 686.pdf

Abstract: The residue produced by the extraction of sago starch is usually discarded as a waste material. In this study, we phosphorylated the sago starch-extraction residue with phosphoryl chloride and used the phosphorylated residue to remove cadmium from wastewater. The phosphoric ester functionality in the phosphorylated residue was evaluated by means of infrared microspectrometry and solid-state NMR. The dependence of the cadmium sorption behavior on pH, contact time, and electrolyte concentration and the maximum sorption capacity of the phosphorylated residue were also studied. The cadmium sorption varied with pH and electrolyte concentration, and the maximum sorption capacity was 25.2 mg g(-1), which is almost half the capacity of commercially available weakly acidic cation exchange resins. The phosphorylated residue could be reused several times, although cadmium sorption gradually decreased as the number of sorption-desorption cycles increased. The phosphorylated residue sorbed cadmium rapidly, which is expected to be favorable for the continuous operation in a column. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Cadmium, Cation Exchange, Cation-Exchangers, Cellulose, Contact Time, Contaminated Water, Heavy Metal Sorbent, Heavy-Metals, Infrared, Ions, Lead, NMR, pH, Phosphorylation, Removal, Sago Residue, Solid-State, Sorption, Wastewater

? Chiang, Y.C. and Wu, P.Y. (2010), Adsorption equilibrium of sulfur hexafluoride on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 729-738.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 729.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was investigated. The properties of MWNTs were characterized and the adsorption capacities of SF6 on MWNTs at different concentrations and temperatures were collected. H2SO4/H2O2 oxidation or KOH activation of MWNTs has effectively introduced the surface oxides and modified the microstructure without destruction of their graphitic crystalline structure. The MWNTs, especially the modified samples, are expected to be promising adsorbents for SF6 removals from air. The saturated capacities of SF6 with a concentration of 518 ppmv on the MWNTs ranged from 278 to 497 mg/g at 25 degrees C. The Toth equation has been reported to fit the adsorption data better than the Freundlich or Langmuir equation. The pi-pi dispersion interaction followed by the multi-layer adsorption and the electron donor-acceptor interaction were proposed to be the major adsorption mechanisms, depending on the adsorption temperature. The isosteric heat of adsorption, ranging from 51 to 124 kJ/mol with a loading of 30-300 mg/g, decreased with increasing SF6 loading, reflecting the energetic heterogeneity of the MWNTs. These results suggest that the adsorption of SF6 on MWNTs could be associated with binding to defect sites. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Carbon Nanotubes, Catalytic Decomposition, Characterization, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Hydrogen Adsorption, Kinetics, Langmuir, Methane, Modification, Near-Ambient, Organic Vapors, Oxidation, SF6, Sorption, Sulfur Hexafluoride, Surface-Diffusion

? Eloussaief, M. and Benzina, M. (2010), Efficiency of natural and acid-activated clays in the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 753-757.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 753.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of Pb2+ ions onto Tunisian clay in aqueous solution was studied in a batch system. Four samples of clay (RGC, RRC, AGC, and ARC) were used. The raw RGC and RRC clays were sampled in jebel Tejera-Esghira in Medenine area (Southeast of Tunisia). AGC and ARC corresponds respectively to RGC and RRC activated by GM sulphuric acid. The adsorbents employed were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, chemical analysis, and the specific surface area was also estimated. The ability of clay samples to remove Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions has been studied at different operating conditions: temperature and pH. The optimum pH for lead ions retention was found 7.0 for the four clay samples. The effect of temperature on adsorption phenomenon was also investigated. The results indicated that adsorption is an exothermic process for lead ions removal. The equilibrium adsorption data were analysed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption capacities (X-m) for RRC, RGC, ARC and AGC were found 17.84, 25.44, 27.15 and 40.75 mg g(-1), respectively. The performance of the red clay after activation was compared to that of silica gel, which has maximum adsorption of 20 mg g(-1). On the other hand, although the performance of activated carbon (88.3 mg g(-1)) is by far higher than that of the green clay after activation, the latter seems to have better performance than that of the silica gel. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Clay, Adsorption, Adsorption Characteristics, Analysis, Aqueous Solutions, Batch, Cd(II), Clay, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Ionic-Strength, Isotherms, Kaolinite, Langmuir, Langmuir AND Freundlich Isotherms, Lead, Lead, Metal-Ions, Operating Conditions, Palygorskite, Pb(II), Pb²⁺, pH, Removal, Retention, Silica, Sorption, System, Temperature

? Singh, B.K., Tomar, R., Kumar, S., Jain, A., Tomar, B.S. and Manchanda, V.K. (2010), Sorption of ¹³⁷Cs, ¹³³Ba and ¹⁵⁴Eu by synthesized sodium aluminosilicate (Na-AS). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 771-776.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 771.pdf

Abstract: Sodium aluminosilicate has been synthesized by solution route for use as a sorbent for various radionuclides. It was characterized by XRD, zeta potential, BET surface area, FTIR spectroscopy and site density measurement. Sorption studies of Cs-137, Ba-133 and Eu-154 on synthesized sodium aluminosilicate have been carried out at varying pH (3-10). Sorption of all the metal ions was found to increase with pH of suspension with the saturation value increasing with the oxidation state of metal ion. Effect of Aldrich humic acid (2 mg/l) on sorption was also investigated. In case of Cs-137, the sorption was not affected by the presence of humic acid, while in case of Ba-133 and Eu-154, sorption was enhanced at lower pH and decreased at higher pH in presence of HA. A series of experiments were carried out for Eu-154 sorption on sodium aluminosilicate at various conditions. Sorption of europium was analyzed by different sorption isotherms, viz., Freundlich and D-R isotherm. Thermodynamic data reveal sorption phenomena as endothermic and spontaneous. Studies were further extended to find out effect of diverse ions (Ca2+ and CO32-) on sorption of europium. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Aluminosilicate, Chemistry, Colloids, Freundlich, FTIR, Ha, Humic Acid, Humic-Acid, Isotherm, Isotherms, Metal Ions, Oxidation, pH, Radionuclide Migration, Sodium Aluminosilicate, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Isotherms, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Data, Water, XRD, Zeta Potential

? Liu, F., Luo, X.G. and Lin, X.Y. (2010), Adsorption of tannin from aqueous solution by deacetylated konjac glucomannan. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 844-850.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 844.pdf

Abstract: Konjac glucomannan treated by alkali solution through deacetylated reaction was used as a new water insoluble adsorbent to remove tannin from aqueous solution. A comprehensive study on adsorption of tannin by deacetylated konjac glucomannan (DKGM) was conducted regarding the effects of initial pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature and initial tannin concentration. The adsorption process was much dependent on the pH and temperature and was found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics. The optimum pH value was at pH ranging from 2 to 6. The maximum removal efficiency of tannin from aqueous solution was 90%. Increasing the adsorption temperature would result in lower adsorption capacity, suggesting that adsorption of tannin onto DKGM was exothermic in nature. The adsorption isotherms were measured at various temperatures and correlated to Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption mechanism was confirmed that the interaction of DKGM and tannin was through hydrogen bonding. It was also observed that DKGM possesses excellent reusability for tannin removal. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Mechanism, Aqueous Solution, Capacity, Clay, Concentration, Cr(III), Deacetylated Konjac Glucomannan, Efficiency, Effluents, Exothermic, Freundlich, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Bonding, Industry, Interaction, Isotherms, Kinetics, Mechanism, pH, pH Value, Phenols, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Rights, Selective Adsorption, Solution, Sorption, Tannin, Temperature, Value, Waste-Water, Water, Water Absorbency

? Vinod, V.T.P., Sashidhar, R.B. and Sreedhar, B. (2010), Biosorption of nickel and total chromium from aqueous solution by gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium): A carbohydrate biopolymer. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 851-860.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 851.pdf

Abstract: Gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium), an exudates tree gum from India was explored for its potential to decontaminate toxic metal ions in aqueous solution. The toxic metal ions nickel and total chromium biosorption capacity of the gum kondagogu were studied in the batch experimental mode. The optimum conditions of biosorption were determined by investigating pH, contact time, and initial metal ion and biosorbent concentrations. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of biosorption equilibrium and the data were analyzed on the basis of pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum biosorption capacity of gum kondagogu as calculated by Langmuir model were found to be 50.5 mg g^-1 for nickel at pH 5.0±0.1 and 129.8 mg g^-1 for total chromium at pH 2.0±0.1, respectively. FTIR, SEM-EDXA and XPS analysis were used to evaluate the binding characteristics of gum kondagogu with metals. The experimental results demonstrate that the metal-ion interaction occurs through ion-exchange, adsorption and precipitation mechanisms. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Agricultural By-Products, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Binding, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption Mechanisms, Capacity, Characteristics, Chitosan, Chromium, Cr(VI), Data, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, FTIR, Gum Kondagogu, Heavy-Metals, India, Interaction, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ionexchange, Ions, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Mechanisms, Metal, Metal Ion, Metal Ions, Metal Removal, Metals, Mode, Model, Models, Nickel, pH, Potential, Precipitation, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Rice Bran, Rights, Solution, Total Chromium, Toxic, Tree Gum, XPS

? Lodeiro, P., Gudiña, A., Herrero, L., Herrero, R. and de Vicente, M.E.S. (2010), Aluminium removal from wastewater by refused beach cast seaweed. Equilibrium and dynamic studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 861-866.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 861.pdf

Abstract: Aluminium removal has been investigated in synthetic and real wastewaters provided by an aluminium surface treatment plant. Marine algae, obtained as beach cast seaweed (a refuse substance) were used as adsorption material. The influence of pH, metal concentration and time for aluminium elimination was studied by use of synthetic solutions. The optimum pH value was 4.0, which provided a maximum adsorption capacity of 22.5 mg g(-1). The adsorption percentage surpassed 80% in less than 30 min of contact time. Real solutions from the industrial unit were fully characterized and tested in two different fixed-bed columns. One column was filled with 27.5 g of dried beach cast seaweed. Three cycles of adsorption and two of desorption were carried out. The first cycle (12 mg g(-1) maximum sorption capacity) was enough to reach the maximum adsorption capacity at 15 mL min(-1) flow rate. The second column was packed with 1100 g of seaweed and its behaviour was compared to another column filled with activated charcoal, following both the same experimental procedure. Maximum sorption capacity was 14 mg g(-1) for seaweed, whereas the activated charcoal only reached 1.6 mg g(-1) (flow rate of 250 mL min(-1)). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aluminium, Aqueous-Solutions, Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption, Column, Contact Time, Desorption, Equilibrium, Macroalga Cystoseira-Baccata, pH, Removal, Seaweed, Sorption, Treatment, Wastewater

? Yan, D.Y.S., Yip, T.C.M., Yui, M.M.T., Tsang, D.C.W. and Lo, I.M.C. (2010), Influence of EDDS-to-metal molar ratio, solution pH, and soil-to-solution ratio on metal extraction under EDDS deficiency. Journal of Hazardous Materials,