Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 1068.pdf

Abstract: Contamination of soil and groundwater with BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) depends on the sorption behavior of these compounds by soil organic matter (SOM) and humic acids (HAs). In this study sorption of toluene by HAs extracted from lake sediment and mountain soil was investigated. HA suspensions were adjusted to pH 4.00, 6.00, or 8.00 and made to the concentration of 200 mg L-1. Each HA suspension or solution was subjected to particle size analysis using high performance particle sizer (HPPS). The particle size of HA from lake sediment was around 1000-1200 nm while that from mountain soil was 220-320 nm at suspension pH 4.00. Kinetic studies showed that sorption of toluene by the two HAs followed pseudo-first-order and mainly pseudo-zero-order kinetics. At suspension pH 4.00, the sorption of toluene by the two HAs was best described by Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. Further, sorption of toluene by the lake sediment HA was significantly greater than that by mountain soil HA. It was thus suggested that the lake sediment HA with larger particle size may develop beneficially chemical conformation for sorption of toluene and related compounds in soil and associated environments. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Analysis, Benzene, Binding, BTEX, Compounds, Equilibrium, HA, Humic Acid (HA), Humic Acids, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetics, Lake Sediment, Langmuir, Mountain Soil, Naphthalene, Natural Organic-Matter, pH, Phenanthrene Sorption, Pyrene, Sediment, Size, Soil, Sorption, Substances, Temkin, Toluene, Ultrafiltration

? Asta, M.P., Ayora, C., Acero, P. and Cama, J. (2010), Field rates for natural attenuation of arsenic in Tinto Santa Rosa acid mine drainage (SW Spain). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 1102-1111.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 1102.pdf

Abstract: Reactive transport modelling of the main processes related to the arsenic natural attenuation observed in the acid mine drainage (AMD) impacted stream of Tinto Santa Rosa (SW Spain) was performed. Despite the simplicity of the kinetic expressions used to deal with arsenic attenuation processes, the model reproduced succesfully the major chemical trends observed along the acid discharge. Results indicated that the rate of ferrous iron oxidation was similar to the one obtained in earlier field studies in which microbial catalysis is reported to occur. With regard to the scaled arsenic oxidation rate, it is one order of magnitude faster than the values obtained under laboratory conditions suggesting the existence of a catalytic agent in the natural system. Schwertmannite precipitation rate, which was represented by a simple kinetic expression relying on Fe(III) and pH, was in the range calculated for other AMD impacted sites. Finally, the obtained distribution coefficients used for representing arsenic sorption onto Fe(III) precipitates were lower than those deduced from reported laboratory data. This discrepancy is attributed to a decrease in the schwertmannite arsenate sorption capacity as sulphate increases in the solution. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Mine Drainage, Arsenate, Arsenic, Catalysis, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Iron, Kinetic, Metals, Modelling, Mountain Stream, Odiel Rivers, Oxidation, pH, Schwertmannite, Sorption, Sorption, Spain, Speciation, System, Transport, Waters

? Zhang, P., Jin, C.J., Zhao, Z.H. and Tian, G.B. (2010), 2D crossed electric field for electrokinetic remediation of chromium contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 1126-1133.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 1126.pdf

Abstract: Chromium contaminated soil can be remediated by electrokinetic techniques. However, in practical application, Cr(VI) may migrate with water deep into the soil, contaminating previously unpolluted layers. Both horizontal and vertical electric fields were applied simultaneously to improve traditional electrokinetic remediation. Contrasting experiments using four operation modes (none, solely horizontal, solely vertical and 2D crossed electric field) were designed and tested at the bench-scale with the practical sample of chromium contaminated soil (1.3 x 10(5) mg/kg) from a chemical plant to investigate Cr(VI) migration downward in each test and the effectiveness and feasible of the new design. During the tests, Cr(VI) could migrate deep into the soil in the solely horizontal mode. Cr(VI) migration downward could be prevented by vertical barrier in the solely vertical mode. However, using the 2D crossed mode, Cr(VI) was significantly prevented from migrating downward and the chromium contaminated soil was treated effectively. Thus, the 2D crossed electric field is a promising and practical method for the remediation of contaminated soils. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 2D Crossed, Adsorption, Chromium, Clay, Cr(VI), Electrokinetic, Extraction, Iron, Metals, Migrate, Remediation, Removal, Soil, Soil Treatment, Soils, Technology, Water

? Lattanzi, P., Meneghini, C., De Giudici, G. and Podda, F. (2010), Uptake of Pb by hydrozincite, Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆-Implications for remediation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 1138-1144.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 1138.pdf

Abstract: Hydrozincite, Zns(CO3)(2)(OH)(6), periodically precipitates from heavy metal contaminated waters of the Rio Naracauli stream, Sardinia, in association with a biological photosynthetic community. The precipitation removes not only zinc from the waters, but also other toxic “heavy metals”, such as Cd, Cu, Pb. The phenomenon is therefore of potential interest for “soft” remediation of contaminated waters. Previous cation exchange experiments suggested that binding of Pb to hydrozincite is fairly strong. This suggestion is in agreement with new release tests in deionized water and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectra collected at the Pb L-III edge for natural hydrozincites from Naracauli, and synthetic Pb-doped hydrozincites. The results suggest that, up to bulk concentration of 1.5 wt.% Pb, uptake of this metal occurs in two distinct ways: (1) as a substitution for Zn in the tetrahedral site of the hydrozincite structure, possibly via formation of a surface mononuclear tridentate inner sphere complex; (2) as an ill-defined, presumably amorphous, phase with a local atomic structure similar to cerussite. These data support the concept that Pb binding to hydrozincite is strong enough to make this mineral a potential sink for the metal. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption Complexes, Bioremediation, Calcite-Water Interface, Cation Exchange, Complex, Desorption, Environment, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metals, Hydroxide, Kinetics, Mechanisms, Mine, Pb(II) Sorption, Remediation, Sardinia, Water, X-Ray Absorption, XAFS, XAS, Zinc

? Noubactep, C. (2010), Comments on “Decontamination of solutions containing Cu(II) and ligands tartrate, glycine and quardol using metallic iron” [J. Hazard. Mater. (175 (2010) 452-459)]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 1165-1166.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 1165.pdf

Abstract: This letter presents ways for an improved discussion of the data provided in a recent article on aqueous removal of Cu-II complexes from aqueous solutions using metallic iron (Fe-0) by Gyliene and his co-workers. It is shown that the authors have furnished another brilliant validation of the concept that adsorption onto iron corrosion products and co-precipitation with iron corrosion products are the fundamental mechanisms of dissolved contaminant removal in Fe-0/H2O systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solutions, Co-Precipitation, Complex-Formation, Corrosion, Cu Complexes, Cu(II), Iron Corrosion, Potentials, Removal, Zerovalent Iron

? Noubactep, C. (2010), Comment on “Reductive dechlorination of gamma-hexachloro-cyclohexane using Fe-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles” by Nagpal et al. [J. Hazard. Mater. 175 (2010) 680-687]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177 (1-3), 1170-1171.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat177, 1170.pdf

Abstract: The author used a recent article on lindane reductive dechlorination by Fe/Pd bimetallics to complain that dozen of published works in several journals are not conform to the state-of-the-art knowledge on the mechanism of aqueous contaminant removal by metallic iron (e.g. in Fe-0/H2O systems). It is shown that the contribution of adsorbed Fe-II to the process of contaminant reduction has been neglected while discussing the whole process of contaminant reduction in the presence of bimetallics. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Author, Bimetallic Co-Precipitation, Contribution, Iron Corrosion, Journals, Published Works, Removal, Systems, Zerovalent Iron

? Zhang, F., Parker, J.C., Brooks, S.C., Watson, D.B., Jardine, P.M. and Gu, B.H. (2010), Prediction of uranium and technetium sorption during titration of contaminated acidic groundwater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 42-48.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 42.pdf

Abstract: This study investigates uranium and technetium sorption onto aluminum and iron hydroxides during titration of acidic groundwater. The contaminated groundwater exhibits oxic conditions with high concentrations of NO3-, SO42-, U, Tc, and various metal cations. More than 90% of U and Tc was removed from the aqueous phase as Al and Fe precipitated above pH 5.5, but was partially resolublized at higher pH values. An equilibrium hydrolysis and precipitation reaction model adequately described variations in aqueous concentrations of metal cations. An anion exchange reaction model was incorporated to simulate sulfate, U and Tc sorption onto variably charged (pH-dependent) Al and Fe hydroxides. Modeling results indicate that competitive sorption/desorption on mixed mineral phases needs to be considered to adequately predict U and Tc mobility. The model could be useful for future studies of the speciation of U,Tc and co-existing ions during pre- and post-groundwater treatment practices. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aluminum, Anion Exchange, Anion-Exchange, Equilibrium, Mobility, Model, Model, Modeling, pH, Radionuclide, Sorption, Sulfate, Titration, Transport, Treatment

? Faghihian, H. and Kabiri-Tadi, M. (2010), Removal of zirconium from aqueous solution by modified clinoptilolite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 66-73.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 66.pdf

Abstract: Adsorptive behavior of natural clinoptilolite was assessed for the removal of zirconium from aqueous solutions. Natural zeolite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermal methods of analysis and FTIR. The zeolite sample composed mainly of clinoptilolite and presented a cation exchange capacity of 1.46 meq g^-1. K, Na and Ca-exchanged forms of zeolite were prepared and their sorption capacities for removal of zirconium from aqueous solutions were determined. The effects of relevant parameters, including initial concentration, contact time, temperature and initial pH on the removal efficiency were investigated in batch studies. The pH strongly influenced zirconium adsorption capacity and maximal capacity was obtained at pH 1.0. The maximum removal efficiency obtained at 40ºC and equilibration time of 24h on the Ca-exchanged form. Kinetics and isotherm of adsorption were also studied. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intra-particle diffusion models were used to describe the kinetic data. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided excellent kinetic data fitting (R-2 > 0.998) with rate constant of 1.60×10^-1, 1.96×10^-1, 2.45×10^-1 and 2.02×10^-1 g mmol^-1 min^-1 respectively for Na, K, Ca-exchanged forms and natural clinoptilolite. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms for zirconium uptake and the Langmuir model agrees very well with experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters were determined and are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Batch, Batch Studies, Behavior, Capacity, Cation, Cation Exchange, Cation Exchange Separation, Chromatography, Clinoptilolite, Concentration, Data, Diffusion, Efficiency, Elovich, Equilibration, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Experimental, Extraction, Fluorescence, Forms, Freundlich, FTIR, Hafnium, Hollow Fibers, Intra-Particle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ion-Exchange, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Data, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Methods, Model, Models, Modified, Natural, Natural Zeolite, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Rate Constant, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Rights, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Titanium, Uptake, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction, Zeolite, Zirconium

? Hassanien, M.M., Abou-El-Sherbini, K.S. and Al-Muaikel, N.S. (2010), Immobilization of methylene blue onto bentonite and its application in the extraction of mercury(II). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 94-100.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 94.pdf

Abstract: Methylene blue was immobilized onto bentonite (BNT). The modified clay (MB-BNT) was used to extract Hg2+ at pH 6.0 yielding Hg-MB-BNT, BNT, MB-BNT and Hg-MB-BNT were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectra, and elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. MB is suggested to be intercalated into the major phase of BNT; montmorillonite mineral (MMT), lying parallel to the aluminosilicate layers, with a capacity of 36 mequiv./100 g. MB-BNT shows good stability in 0.1-1 M hydrochloric or nitric acids, ammonium hydroxide, and concentrated Na+, K+ or NH4+ chlorides or iodides. It shows good selectivity towards Hg2+ with an extraction capacity of 37 mequiv./100g in the presence of I- giving rise to a ratio of MB/Hg2+/I- 1:1:3 in the clay phase. Extracted Hg2+ could be quantitatively recovered by ammonia buffer at pH 8.5. MB-BNT was successfully applied to recover Hg2+ from spiked natural water and cinnabar mineral samples using the optimum conditions; pH 6.0, time of stirring 10 min and 10 mL of 0.05 M NH4Cl/NH4OH at pH 8.5 as eluent. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aluminosilicate, Aqueous-Solution, Atomic-Absorption-Spectrometry, Bentonite, Cationic Dye, Clay, Extraction, Immobilization, Infrared, Infrared Spectra, Intercalation, Mercury, Methylene Blue, Montmorillonite, Montmorillonite, pH, Preconcentration, Removal, Retention, Silica-Gel, Water

? Aivalioti, M., Vamvasakis, I. and Gidarakos, E. (2010), BTEX and MTBE adsorption onto raw and thermally modified diatomite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 136-143.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 136.pdf

Abstract: The removal of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylenes) and MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) from aqueous solution by raw (D-R) and thermally modified diatomite at 550,750 and 950ºC (D-550, D-750 and D-950 respectively) was studied. Physical characteristics of both raw and modified diatomite such as specific surface, pore volume distribution, porosity and pH(solution) were determined, indicating important structural changes in the modified diatomite, due to exposure to high temperatures. Both adsorption kinetic and isotherm experiments were carried out. The kinetics data proved a closer fit to the pseudo-second order model. Maximum values for the rate constant, k(2), were obtained for MTBE and benzene (48.9326 and 18.0996 g mg^-1 h^-1, respectively) in sample D-550. The isotherm data proved to fit the Freundlich model more closely, which produced values of the isotherm constant 1/n higher than one, indicating unfavorable adsorption. The highest adsorption capacity, calculated through the values of the isotherm constant k(F), was obtained for MTBE (48.42 mg kg^-1 (mg/L)(n)) in sample D-950. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetic, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Benzene, BTEX, Butyl Ether MTBE, Capacity, Changes, Characteristics, Data, Diatomaceous-Earth, Diatomite, Distribution, Ether, Experiments, Exposure, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, High-Silica Zeolites, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetics, Model, Modified, MTBE, Oxides Modified Diatomite, Pore Volume, Porosity, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constant, Remediation, Removal, Rights, Solution, Sorption, Specific Surface, Surface, Toluene, Volume, Waste-Water

? Pateiro-Moure, M., Arias-Estévez, M. and Simal-Gándara, J. (2010), Competitive and non-competitive adsorption/desorption of paraquat, diquat and difenzoquat in vineyard-devoted soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 194-201.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 194.pdf

Abstract: Mobility of agrochemicals in soils plays an important role in the fate and transport of contaminants in the environment. Competitive and non-competitive sorption experiments of three ammonium quaternary herbicides (paraquat, diquat and difenzoquat) onto eight vineyard soils was measured in batch experiments. Non-competitive experiments show that paraquat (PQ.) is the most strongly adsorbed (70-97% of added PQ) followed by diquat (DQ) and difenzoquat (DFQ). The best fits were obtained with the Freundlich equation. In competitive experiments with variable mole ratios, it was found a large influence between the divalent cationic herbicides PQ and DQ, and between them and the monovalent herbicide DFQ but DFQ did only show a scarce influence on PQ and DQ sorption. Desorption of herbicides into CaCl2 showed very low values: around 11, 19 and 31% for, respectively, PQ DQ and DFQ. In order to assess the ability of herbicides to displace others, desorption experiments were carried out by replacing Cl2Ca by any of the other two herbicides. In this case, the highest percentage of desorption was obtained when DFQ was desorbed with PQ (>72%) and DQ (>73%), but also when PQ was used to desorb DQ (100%) and vice versa (100%). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption-Desorption, Batch, Competitive Sorption, Desorption, Desorption, Dynamics, Freundlich, Herbicides, Model-Calculations, Montmorillonite, Pesticides, Quaternary Ammonium Herbicides, Radicals, Soils, Sorption, Vineyard-Devoted Soils, Water

? Yan, L., Yin, H.H., Zhang, S., Leng, F.F., Nan, W.B. and Li, H.Y. (2010), Biosorption of inorganic and organic arsenic from aqueous solution by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BY-3. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 209-217.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 209.pdf

Abstract: The traditional techniques for removing low concentration arsenic are unsuitable. The biosorption characteristics of arsenite (iAs(III)) and monomethyl arsonate (MMA(V)) from aqueous solution by Acidithiobacillus BY-3 (At. f BY-3) were investigated as a function of pH, contact time, initial arsenic concentration, biomass dosage and temperature in this study. Results indicated that Langmuir isotherm model fitted better than Freundlich model to the equilibrium data. Analysis of kinetic data showed that the biosorption processes of both iAs(III) and MMA(V) involved pseudo-second-order kinetics. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔGº, ΔHº and ΔSº of the biosorption process showed that the adsorption of iAs(III) and MMA(V) onto At. f BY-3 was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic under the examined conditions. The competitive biosorption of iAs(III) and MMA(V) in binary mixture system was evaluated, and the results indicated that At. f BY-3 favored MMA(V) biosorption. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed -OH and -NH groups were involved in the biosorption process. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans, Adsorption, Algae Ceramium-Virgatum, Aqueous Solution, Arsenic, Arsenite, Arsenite (IAS(III)), As(V), Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption Characteristics, Characteristics, Competitive, Competitive Biosorption, Concentration, Data, Dimethylarsinic Acid, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, FT-IR, FTIR, Function, Infrared Spectroscopy, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Data, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Lead(II), Model, Monomethyl Arsonate (MMA(V)), Organic, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Removal, Rights, Solution, Speciation, Spectroscopy, Techniques, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Toxicity, Water

? Braschi, I., Blasioli, S., Gigli, L., Gessa, C.E., Alberti, A. and Martucci, A. (2010), Removal of sulfonamide antibiotics from water: Evidence of adsorption into an organophilic zeolite Y by its structural modifications. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 218-225.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 218.pdf

Abstract: Sulfonamide antibiotics are persistent pollutants of aquatic bodies, known to induce high levels of bacterial resistance. We investigated the adsorption of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfachloropyridazine sulfonamides into a highly dealuminated faujasite zeolite (Y) with cage window sizes comparable to sulfonamide dimensions. At maximal solubility the antibiotics were almost completely (>90%) and quickly (t<1 min) removed from the water by zeolite. The maximal amount of sulfonamides adsorbed was 18-26% DW of dry zeolite weight, as evidenced by thermogravimetric analyses and accounted for about one antibiotic molecule per zeolitic cage. The presence of this organic inside the cage was revealed by unit cell parameter variations and structural deformations obtained by X-ray structure analyses carried out using the Rietveld method on exhausted zeolite. The most evident deformation effects were the lowering of the Fd-3m real symmetry in the parent zeolite to Fd-3 and the remarkable deformations which occurred in the 12-membered ring cage window after sulfadiazine or sulfachloropyridazine adsorption. After sulfamethazine adsorption, zeolite deformation caused a lowering in symmetry up to the monoclinic P2/m space group. The effective and irreversible adsorption of sulfonamides into organophylic Y zeolite makes this cheap and environmentally friendly material a suitable candidate for removing sulfonamides from water. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Drugs, Environment, Pk(A), Removal, Sorption, Sulfachloropyridazine, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethazine, Transport, Veterinary Antimicrobial Sulfathiazole, Water, Weight, XR Diffractometry, Zeolite

? Viswanathan, N. and Meenakshi, S. (2010), Enriched fluoride sorption using alumina/chitosan composite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178 (1-3), 226-232.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat178, 226.pdf

Abstract: Alumina possesses an appreciable defluoridation capacity (DC) of 1566 mg F-/kg. In order to improve its DC, it is aimed to prepare alumina polymeric composites using the chitosan. Alumina/chitosan (AlCs) composite was prepared by incorporating alumina particles in the chitosan polymeric matrix, which can be made into any desired form viz., beads, candles and membranes. AlCs composite displayed a maximum DC of 3809 mg F-/kg than the alumina and chitosan (52 mg F-/kg). The fluoride removal studies were carried out in batch mode to optimize the equilibrium parameters viz., contact time, pH, co-anions and temperature. The equilibrium data was fitted with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms to find the best fit for the sorption process. The calculated values of thermodynamic parameters indicate the nature of sorption. The surface characterisation of the sorbent was performed by FTIR, AFM and SEM with EDAX analysis. A possible mechanism of fluoride sorption by AlCs composite has been proposed. Suitability of AlCs composite at field conditions was tested with a field sample taken from a nearby fluoride-endemic village. This work provides a potential platform for the development of defluoridation technology. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Afm, Alumina, Analysis, Aqueous-Solution, Batch, Batch Mode, Beads, Behavior, Capacity, Chitosan, Chitosan Beads, Composite, Composites, Data, DC, Defluoridation, Development, EDAX, Equilibrium, Exchange, Field, Fluoride, Fluoride Removal, Freundlich, FTIR, Ion, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherms, Matrix, Mechanism, Mode, Nanocomposites, Particles, pH, Polymeric, Potential, Removal, Resin, Rights, SEM, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Process, Surface, Technology, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Work

? Jia, A.Z., Liang, X.Q., Su, Z.Q., Zhu, T. and Liu, S.X. (2010), Synthesis and the effect of calcination temperature on the physical-chemical properties and photocatalytic activities of Ni, La codoped SrTiO₃. Journal of Hazardous Materials,