Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 836.pdf

Abstract: Occurrence of human and veterinary antibiotics has been reported in various environmental compartments. Yet, there is a lack of information verifying the transport mechanisms from source to environment, particularly the transport of veterinary antibiotics as a non-point source pollutant. A rainfall simulation study was conducted to address surface runoff as a possible transport mechanism of veterinary antibiotics introduced in the field and mass balance was calculated with supplementary surface and depth soil measurement. Seven veterinary antibiotics that are the most abundantly used in agriculture for therapeutic and non-therapeutic (growth-promotion) purposes were examined in this study, including tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfathiazole (STZ). sulfamethazine (SMZ), erythromycin (ETM). tylosin (TYL), and monensin (MNS). Runoff in aqueous and sediment phases was collected every 5 min for I h with varied rainfall intensity and additional surface (0-2 cm) and depth (2-30 cm) soil samples were collected after rainfall simulation for mass balance analysis. Quantification of antibiotic concentration in all collected samples was based on solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by measurement with high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). MNS showed the highest concentration in runoff aqueous samples (0.22 mg plot(-1)),while ETM showed the highest concentration in runoff sediment samples (0.08 mg plot(-1)). The highest concentration of each applied antibiotic in surface soil samples occurred at different locations. This result might indicate the mobility of these compounds in surface soil varies due to different physicochemical properties among the antibiotics. Further, the analysis results showed that all of the subject antibiotics had penetrated into the subsurface; yet, no residuals were found for STZ, suggesting this compound might have penetrated even deeper into the soil. These results indicate that aqueous or sediment erosion control might reduce the transport of veterinary antibiotics in the environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V, All rights reserved.

Keywords: Analysis, Compounds, HPLC, MS, MS, Liquid-Chromatography, Mass Balance, Mn, Mobility, Pesticide Transport, Pharmaceutical Antibiotics, Rainfall Simulation, Resistance Genes, Runoff, Sediment, Soil, Sorption, Surface, Tetracycline, Transport, Treatment Plants, Veterinary Antibiotics, Waste-Water

? Tsai, W.T. and Chen, H.R. (2010), Removal of malachite green from aqueous solution using low-cost chlorella-based biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 844-849.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 844.pdf

Abstract: Chlorella-based biomass from the algae-manufacturing waste was used as a low-cost biosorbent for the biosorption of malachite green (MG) in an agitated batch experiments with respect to its kinetics as a function of agitation speed (i.e., 300-500rpm), initial MG concentration (i.e., 2.0-20.0 mg dm^-3), biosorbent loading (i.e., 0.5-2.0 g/2.0 dm³), initial pH (i.e., 3.0-11.0), and temperature (i.e., 278-318 K). The experimental data revealed that the rapid removal of cationic solute using the dead microalgae significantly depended on the initial MG concentration and algal loading. Furthermore, the biosorption kinetics well obeyed the pseudo-second-order rate equation, and could be elucidated by considering the electrostatic interactions. According to the biosorption behaviors of MG from aqueous solution using chlorella-based biomass in comparison with commercial activated carbon, this work also showed that the biosorbent can be effectively used as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of MG from its aqueous solutions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Agitation, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Basic-Dyes, Batch, Batch Experiments, Batch System, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Biosorption Kinetics, Carbon, Chlorella Biomass, Comparison, Concentration, Data, Dye Removal, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experiments, Fenton Process, Fresh-Water Algae, Function, Kinetic Modeling, Kinetics, Loading, Low Cost, Malachite Green, Mar, Mg, Microalgae, pH, Pithophora sp., Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Removal, Rights, Solution, Solutions, Temperature, Waste, Waste-Water, Work

? Chang, S.H., Wang, K.S., Liang, H.H., Chen, H.Y., Li, H.C., Peng, T.H., Su, Y.C. and Chang, C.Y. (2010), Treatment of Reactive Black 5 by combined electrocoagulation-granular activated carbon adsorption-microwave regeneration process. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 850-857.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 850.pdf

Abstract: Treatment of an azo dye, Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by combined electrocoagulation-activated carbon adsorption-microwave regeneration process was evaluated. The toxicity was also monitored by the Vibrio fischeri light inhibition test. GAC of 100 g L-1 sorbed 82% of RB5 (100 mg L-1) within 4h. RB5-loaded GAC was not effectively regenerated by microwave irradiation (800W, 30s). Electrocoagulation showed high decolorization of RB5 within 8 min at pH(0) of 7, current density of 277 A m(-2), and NaCl of 1 g L-1. However, 61% COD residue remained after treatment and toxicity was high (100% light inhibition). GAC of 20g L-1 effectively removed COD and toxicity of electrocoagulation-treated solution within 4h. Microwave irradiation effectively regenerated intermediate-loaded GAC within 30s at power of 800 W, GAC/water ratio of 20 g L-1, and pH of 7.8. The adsorption capacity of GAC for COD removal from the electrocoagulation-treated solution did not significantly decrease at the first 7 cycles of adsorption/regeneration. The adsorption capacity of GAC for removal of both A(265) (benzene-related groups) and toxicity slightly decreased after the 6th cycle. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous-Solution, Azo Dye, Coagulation, Cod, Cod Removal, Decolorization, Degradation, Different Electrode Connections, Dye, Electrocoagulation, GAC, Microwave Irradiation, Oxidation Process, pH, Regeneration, Removal, Textile Waste-Water, Toxicity, Toxicity Evaluation, Treatment

? Bhagiyalakshmi, M., Yun, L.J., Anuradha, R. and Jang, H.T. (2010), Utilization of rice husk ash as silica source for the synthesis of mesoporous silicas and their application to CO2 adsorption through TREN/TEPA grafting. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 928-938.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 928.pdf

Abstract: Mesoporous MCM-41, MCM-48 and SBA-15 were synthesized using Rice husk ash (RHA) as the silica source and their defective Si-OH sites were functionalized by 3-cholropropyltrimethoxysilane (CPTMS) which was subsequently grafted with amine compounds, Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN) and Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and BET results of the parent mesoporous silica suggested their closeness of structural properties to those obtained from conventional silica sources. CO2 adsorption of branched amine TREN and straight chain amine TEPA at 25, 50 and 75 degrees C was obtained by Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA) at atmospheric pressure. TREN grafted mesoporous silica showed 7% of CO2 adsorption while TEPA grafted mesoporous silicas showed less CO2 adsorption. which is due to the presence of isolated amine groups in TREN. TREN grafted mesoporous silicas were also observed to be selective towards CO2, thermally stable and recyclable. The order Of CO2 adsorption with respect to amount of amine grafting was observed to be MCM-48/TREN > MCM-41/TREN > SBA-15/TREN. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Capture, Carbon-Dioxide, CO₂, CO₂ Adsorption, Coal Fly-Ash, Compounds, Cptms, High-Capacity, MCM-41, MCM-48, MCM-48 Molecular-Sieve, Mesoporous, Mesoporous Silica, Pressure, Removal, Rice Husk Ash, SBA-15, Silica, Sorbents, Synthesis, Template, TEPA, TREN, XRD

? Kannamba, B., Reddy, K.L. and AppaRao, B.V. (2010), Removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions using chemically modified chitosan. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 939-948.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 939.pdf

Abstract: Chemically modified chitosan namely epichlorohydrin cross-linked xanthate chitosan (ECXCs) has been used for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous medium. The influence of various operating parameters such as pH, temperature, sorbent dosage, initial concentration Of Cu(II) ions and contact time on the adsorption capacity of ECXCs has been investigated. Thermodynamic parameters namely ΔGº, ΔHº and ΔSº of the Cu(II) adsorption process have been calculated. Differential anodic stripping voltammetric technique was used to determine the concentration of Cu(II) in the test solution before and after adsorption. The nature of the possible adsorbent-metal ion interactions was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The studies showed that the adsorption of Cu(II) oil ECXCs strongly depends on pH and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity was observed at pH 5.0 and the adsorption capacity of ECXCs increased with increasing temperature indicating the endothermic nature of adsorption process. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption equations were used to fit the experimental data. The adsorption process is found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 43.47 mg g^-1 from the Langmuir isotherm model at 50ºC. During desorption studies 97-100% of adsorbed copper ion is released into Solution in presence of 1N EDTA, HCl and H₂SO₄. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Properties, Aqueous Medium, Aqueous Solutions, Beads, Capacity, Cellulose, Chitosan, Concentration, Copper, Copper Ion, Copper Ions, Copper(II) Ions, Cross-Linked, Cu(II), Cu(II) Ions, Data, Desorption, Desorption Studies, EDTA, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Heavy-Metals, Infrared Spectroscopy, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Mar, Microspheres, Model, Modified, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Removal, Rights, Solution, Solutions, Sorbent, Sorption, Spectroscopy, Stripping, Temperature, Template, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Time, X-Ray, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Xanthate Chitosan

? Halim, A.A., Aziz, H.A., Johari, M.A.M., Ariffin, K.S. and Adlan, M.N. (2010), Ammoniacal nitrogen and COD removal from semi-aerobic landfill leachate using a composite adsorbent: Fixed bed column adsorption performance. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 960-964.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 960.pdf

Abstract: The performance of a carbon-mineral composite adsorbent used in a fixed bed column for the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen and aggregate organic pollutant (COD), which are commonly found in landfill leachate, was evaluated. The breakthrough capacities for ammoniacal nitrogen and COD adsorption were 4.46 and 3.23 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, the optimum empty bed contact time (EBCT) was 75 min. The column efficiency for ammoniacal nitrogen and COD adsorption using fresh adsorbent was 86.4% and 92.6%, respectively, and these values increased to 90.0% and 93.7%. respectively, after the regeneration process. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Breakthrough, Carbon-Mineral Adsorbents, COD, COD Removal, Column Study, Composite Adsorbent, Contact Time, Fixed-Bed, Landfill Leachate, Regeneration, Removal, Sorbents, Waste-Water, Zeolite

? Ma, J., Jia, Y.Z., Jing, Y., Sun, J.H., Yao, Y. and Wang, X.H. (2010), Equilibrium models and kinetic for the adsorption of Methylene blue on Co-hectorites. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 965-969.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 965.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) onto the surface of cobalt doping hectorite (Co-hectorite) was systematically studied. The physical properties of Co-hectorites were investigated, where characterizations were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Electron Diffraction Spectrum (EDS) techniques, and morphology was examined by nitrogen adsorption. The sample with a Co content 5% (m/m) had a higher specific Surface area than other Co-hectorites. The pore diameters were distributed between 2.5 and 5.0 nm. The adsorption results revealed that Co-hectorite surfaces possessed effective interactions with MB and bases. and greatest adsorption capacity achieved with Co content 5%, where the best-fit isotherm model was the Langmuir adsorption model. Kinetic studies were fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting step for the whole reaction. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Dye, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Capacity, Characterizations, Co, Co-Hectorite, Cobalt, Content, Diffusion, Distributed, EDS, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Models, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Mar, Mb, Mechanism, Methylene Blue, Model, Models, Morphology, Nitrogen, Physical, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Rate Limiting Step, Rate-Limiting Step, Reaction, Rights, Surface, Surfaces, Techniques, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD

? Feng, Y.J., Zhang, Z.H., Gao, P., Su, H., Yu, Y.L. and Ren, N.Q. (2010), Adsorption behavior of EE2 (17 α-ethinylestradiol) onto the inactivated sewage sludge: Kinetics, thermodynamics and influence factors. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 970-976.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 970.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption behavior of 17 α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) onto inactivated sludge was investigated to assess the function of adsorption on EE2 removal in activated sludge system. The adsorption equilibrium of EE2 can be achieved in 5.0 h at the research temperature and the adsorption process could be well described by pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data at different temperatures were fitted by a linear regression. The thermodynamics analysis revealed that EE2 adsorption onto inactivated sludge was spontaneous (ΔG = -15.18 to -16.35 kJ/mol), enthalpy-driven (ΔH = -27.2 kJ/mol), entropy-retarded (ΔS = -39.18 J/(mol K)), and mainly physical adsorption. Effects of pH, ionic strength and coexisting organic matters (methanol and bisphenol A) on EE2 adsorption onto inactivated sludge were also examined. The amounts of EE2 equilibrium adsorption ability were unchanged as the pH values increasing from 2.0 to 6.0, but decreased from 2.14 to 1.43 mg/g MLSS when the initial EE2 concentration was 5.0 mg/L as pH above 6.0. The adsorption capacities were first increased from 2.19 to 2.50 mg/g MLSS, then sharply decreased and stabilized at 1.12 mg/g MLSS during the ionic strength was adjusted from 0 to 1 mol/L. Methanol (0.4-5%. v/v) and bisphenol A (0-200 mg/L) in the mixed liquor can decrease the adsorption capacity of EE2 from 2.19 to 1.39 and 0.75 mg/g MLSS, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 17 Alpha-Ethinylestradiol, Activated Sludge, Activated-Sludge, Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Equilibrium, Analysis, Aqueous-Solutions, Behavior, Biosorption, Bisphenol A, Capacity, Concentration, Data, Environment, Equilibrium, Estrogenic Chemicals, First, Function, Identification, Inactivated Sludge, Ionic Strength, Kinetics, Linear Regression, Mar, Methanol, Model, Organic, pH, Phase, Physical, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Regression, Removal, Research, Rights, Sewage, Sewage Sludge, Sludge, Sorption, Strength, STW Effluent, Temperature, Thermodynamic Analysis, Thermodynamics

? Sokolovic, R.M.S., Govedarica, D.D. and Sokolovic, D.S. (2010), Separation of oil-in-water emulsion using two coalescers of different geometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 1001-1006.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 1001.pdf

Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of the coalescer geometry on steady-state bed coalescence. Oil-in-water model emulsions, encompassing 14 oils of different properties, were separated using two commercial bed coalescers, marked “04” and “H”. Experiments were carried out over a wide range of oil properties and fluid velocities. Operation of coalescer “04” was characterized by an extremely low working velocity, determined by its construction. For the same reason, coalescer “H” exhibited better performances. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Bed Coalescence, Drop Coalescence, Fiber Material, Flow, Glass-Fiber Beds, Liquid Liquid Dispersions, Oily Water, Separation, Sorption, Waste-Water

? Grabarczyk, M. and Korolczuk, M. (2010), Development of a simple and fast voltammetric procedure for determination of trace quantity of Se(IV) in natural lake and river water samples. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 1007-1013.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 1007.pdf

Abstract: A simple and fast cathodic stripping voltammetric procedure for determination of trace quantity of Se(IV) in natural samples containing high concentrations of surfactants and humic Substances was developed. The procedure exploiting selenium accumulation (from sample solution spiked with 0.1 mol L-1 HClO4 and 4 x 10(-4) mol L-1 Cu(NO3)(2)) as Cu2Se was employed as the initial method. The deposited Cu2Se was stripped by differential pulse cathodic potential scan. The interference from dissolved organic matter such as surfactants and humic substances was eliminated by adding Amberlite XAD-7 resin to the voltammetric cell. The whole procedure was applied to a single cell, which allows one to monitor the voltammetric scan. Optimum conditions for removing the surfactants and humic substances due to their adsorption on XAD-7 resin were evaluated. The method was tested on synthetic samples spiked with surfactants and humic substances. The calibration graph for Se(IV) under optimized conditions following the accumulation of 30s was linear in the range from 2 x 10(-9) to 2 x 10(-7) mol L-1 and was found to obey the equation y=0.74x-0.61, where y and x are the peak current (nA) and Se(IV) concentration (nmol L-1), respectively. The linear correlation coefficient was r=0.9993. The relative standard deviation for determination of Se(IV) at the concentration of 1 x 10(-8) mol L-1 was 3.7% (n=5). The detection limit estimated from three times the standard deviation for low Se(IV) concentration and accumulation time of 30s was about 7.8 x 10(-10) mol L-1. The presented procedure was successfully applied to selenium determination in TMRAIN-95 certified reference material and to real samples including spiked lake and river waters for selenium speciation. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Absorption Spectrometric Determination, Adsorption, Atomic Emission-Spectrometry, Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry, Determination, Humic Substances, Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination, Mercury Drop Electrode, Natural Water, Online Hydride Generation, Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Selenium (IV), Solid-Phase Extraction, Speciation Analysis, Stripping Voltammetry, Surfactants, Water

? Liu, X., Chen, H., Wang, C.H., Qu, R.J., Ji, C.N., Sun, C.M. and Zhang, Y. (2010), Synthesis of porous acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate copolymer beads by suspended emulsion polymerization and their adsorption properties after amidoximation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 1014-1021.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 1014.pdf

Abstract: Porous acrylonitrile (AN)/methyl acrylate (MA) copolymer beads were prepared by suspended emulsion polymerization. The cyano groups in AN/MA copolymer beads were converted to amidoxime (AO) groups by reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH center dot HCl) to remove metal ions in aqueous solution. The untreated AN/MA and amidoximated AN/MA (AO AN/MA) copolymer beads were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and porous structural analysis. Both mesopores and macropores were presented in AN/MA and AO AN/MA copolymer beads. Qualitative experiments of adsorption were conducted to evaluate modified and unmodified resins on fixing Hg2+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solution using batch extractions. It was found that AO AN/MA copolymer beads have excellent adsorption capacities for Hg2+, Ag+ and Cu2+ especially for Hg2+, and it have good selectivity for Hg2+. The equilibrium was established in 10 h through adsorption kinetics study. The Langmuir model was much better than the Freundlich model to describe the isothermal process. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acrylonitrile, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Amidoxime, Analysis, Batch, Beads, Chelating Resin, Equilibrium, Freundlich, FTIR, Heavy-Metal Ion, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Metal Ions, Methyl-Methacrylate, Pb²⁺, Polyacrylonitrile Fibers, Polyethylene, Polymerization, Porous, Removal, SEM, Sorption, Suspended Emulsion Polymerization, Uranium Recovery, Water

? Dong, X.Q., Li, C.L., Li, J., Wang, J.X., Liu, S.T. and Ye, B. (2010), A novel approach for soil contamination assessment from heavy metal pollution: A linkage between discharge and adsorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 1022-1030.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 1022.pdf

Abstract: Soil protection from heavy metal contamination requires scientific assessment on the linkage between site-specific pollutant discharge and environmental effects. However, this kind of linkage is usually disregarded due to the lack of assessment tools in environmental policies, e.g., some developed coastal cities in China have forced their highly polluting industries out to less developed interior areas without consideration of the impacts from pollution transfer. This paper developed a soil adsorption fraction (SAF) model to characterize the emissions-to-adsorption relationship between heavy metal emission and the adsorption by soil. Case studies were carried out for two adjacent southern cities in China, i.e., Guangzhou and Shaoguan. The results indicated that the average SAF of cadmium was 5.38 x 10(-3) for Shaoguan and 1.28 x 10(-3) for Guangzhou, i.e., cadmium released from Shaoguan threatened the soil environment 4.2 times of that from Guangzhou. Further analysis showed the polluting pathway and abundance of water resources were the main influencing factors on SAF. Soil contamination will be exaggerated by relocating heavy metal polluting industries from coastal areas to interior areas. The results should be useful to prompt site-specific policies on heavy metal pollution control. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Analysis, Cadmium, China, Coast Air Basin, Emissions, Exposure, Fate, Health, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Pollution, Intake Fraction, Matter, Pollutants, Pollution, Population Intake Fractions, Soil, Soil Adsorption Fraction, Soil Pollution, Vegetables, Waste-Water, Water

? Han, R.P., Wang, Y., Sun, Q., Wang, L.L., Song, J.Y., He, X.T. and Dou, C.C. (2010), Malachite green adsorption onto natural zeolite and reuse by microwave irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 1056-1061.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 1056.pdf

Abstract: Natural zeolite was used for the removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution in batch mode and reused by microwave irradiation. The isotherm data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Koble-Corrigan isotherm model. The better fit for the equilibrium process was Koble-Corrigan model. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic process. Spent zeolite was treated by microwave irradiation and it was found that yield of regeneration was 85.8% in the case of microwave irradiated time 10 min at 160 W. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch Mode, Column Operations, Data, Decomposition, Dye Removal, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Irradiation, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Malachite Green, Mar, Mg, Microwave, Microwave Irradiation, Mode, Model, Natural, Natural Zeolite, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Recovery, Redlich-Peterson, Regeneration, Removal, Reuse, Rights, Solution, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Time, Treatment Technologies, Zeolite

? Noubactep, C. and Schöner, A. (2010), Metallic iron for environmental remediation: Learning from electrocoagulation. Journal of Hazardous Materials,