Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics63, 531.pdf

Abstract: Following a brief historical account of the initial difficulties of introducing modern sciences, especially the Western art of independent scientific inquiry, into Iran, using data obtained from the ISI (http://access.isiproducts.com/trials) an attempt is made to analyze the apparent present successes of Iranian scientists on the international science market. Using the corresponding ISI data of the publications (1990-2003) of 24 selected young chemistry Ph.D. graduates and present faculty members at various internal academia, a quantitative and qualitative assessment (www.geocities.com/iipopescu) of their achievements has been attempted and the results related to the strengths and weaknesses of the present science policy of the country.

Keywords: Faculty, ISI, Publications, Research, Sciences, Scientometric

? van Raan, A.F.J. (2005), Reference-based publication networks with episodic memories. Scientometrics, 63 (3), 549-566.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics63, 549.pdf

Abstract: In this paper we report first results of our study on network characteristics of a reference-based, bibliographically coupled (BC) publication network structure. We find that this network of clustered publications shows different statistical properties depending on the age of the references used for building the network. A remarkable finding is that only the network based on all references within publications is characterized by a degree distribution with a power-law dependence. This structure, which is typical for scale-free networks, disappears when selecting references of a specific age for the clustering process. Changing the publication network as a function of reference age, allows “tuning through the episodic memory’ of the nodes of the network. We find that the older the references, the more the network tends to change its structure towards a more exponential degree distribution.

Keywords: Distributions, Evolution, Evolving Networks, Law, Memory, Network, Process, Publication, Publications, Science, Scientific Papers, Small-World Networks, Statistical

Adams, J. (2005), Early citation counts correlate with accumulated impact. Scientometrics, 63 (3), 567-581.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics63, 567.pdf

Abstract: The present paper addresses the objective of developing forward indicators of research performance using bibliometric information on the UK science base. Most research indicators rely primarily on historical time series relating to inputs to, activity within and outputs from the research system. Policy makers wish to be able to monitor changing research profiles in a more timely fashion, the better to determine where new investment is having the greatest effect. Initial (e.g. 12 months from publication) citation counts might be useful as a forward indicator of the long-term (e.g. 10 years from publication) quality of research publications, but - although there is literature on citation-time functions - no study to evaluate this specifically has been carried out by Thomson ISI or any other analysts. Here, I describe the outcomes of a preliminary study to explore these citation relationships, drawing on the UK National Citation Report held by Evidence Ltd under licence from Thomson ISI for OST policy use. Annual citation counts typically peak at around the third year after publication. I show that there is a statistically highly significant correlation between initial (years 1-2) and later (years 3-10) citations in six research categories across the life and physical sciences. The relationship holds over a wide range of initial citation counts. Papers that attract more than a definable but field dependent threshold of citations in the initial period after publication are usually among the top 1% (the most highly cited papers) for their field and year. Some papers may take off slowly but can later join the high impact group. It is important to recognise that the statistical relationship is applicable to groups of publications. The citation profiles of individual articles may be quite different. Nonetheless, it seems reasonable to conclude that leading indicators of research excellence could be developed. This initial study should now be extended across a wider range fields to test the initial outcomes: earlier papers suggest the model holds in economics. Additional statistical tests should be applied to explore and model the relationship between initial, later and total citation counts and thus to create a general tool for policy application.

Keywords: Activity, Base, Bibliometric, Citations, Correlation, Economics, General, Group, Groups, Historical, Impact, Indicator, Indicators, Information, Initial Study, Inputs, ISI, Life, Long-Term, Model, Outcomes, Paper, Performance, Physical, Policy, Profiles, Publication, Publications, Quality, Range, Reception, Research, Research Performance, Science, Sciences, Statistical Tests, Test, Tests, Threshold, Time-Series, UK

? Patra, S.K. and Chand, P. (2005), Biotechnology research profile of India. Scientometrics, 63 (3), 583-597.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics63, 583.pdf

Abstract: The study explores the chronological growth of Indian Biotechnology. Applicability of Lotka’s law has been examined for the authorship pattern. Productivity of authors is analyzed and a list of 35 authors publishing more than 10 publications is given. Bradford’s law of scattering is used to identify the core journals which cover most of the research and development output of Indian Biotechnology. The study also shows the active authors, institutions and statewise distributions of Indian Biotechnology research output.

Keywords: Authors, Authorship, Authorship Pattern, Biotechnology, Development, Growth, India, Journals, Law, Lotka’s Law, Productivity, Profile, Publications, Publishing, Research, Research and Development, Research Output, Research Profile, Science

? Leta, J., Pereira, J.C.R. and Chaimovich, H. (2005), The Life Sciences - the relative contribution of the University of Sao Paulo to the highest impact factor journals and to those with the largest number of articles, 1980 to 1999. Scientometrics, 63 (3), 599-616.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics63, 599.pdf

Abstract: The contribution of Brazil to the database of the Institute for Scientific Information, ISI, has increased remarkably during the last years. Among the Brazilian research institutions, the publications of the University of Sao Paulo (USP) have been around 30% of the country’s total publication within the ISI database. A similar share was found for USP’s publications published in the 1980-1999 period and classified in the Life Sciences. This was observed in publications from both the highest impact factor journals and from those with the largest number of articles. We have found that the present share of USP’s publications in some of the fields of the Life Sciences was much less than 30%, suggesting a gradual decentralization of the scientific activity in Brazil. The data point out that this set of USP’s publications were concentrated in traditional and basic fields of biological research, where the focus is mainly oriented by international trends. The data suggest that USP’s researchers have not been much devoted to some of the fields where research is oriented toward national issues.

Keywords: Brazil, Contribution, Impact, Impact Factor, ISI, ISI Database, Journals, Publication, Publications, Research, Research Institutions, Researchers, Sciences, Scientific Information, Traditional, Trends, University

? Leydesdorff, L. and Zhou, P. (2005), Are the contributions of China and Korea upsetting the world system of science? Scientometrics, 63 (3), 617-630.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics63, 617.pdf

Abstract: Institutions and their aggregates are not the right units of analysis for developing a science policy with cognitive goals in view. Institutions, however, can be compared in terms of their performance with reference to their previous stages. KING’s (2004) ‘The scientific impact of nations’ has provided the data for this comparison. Evaluation of the data from this perspective along the time axis leads to completely different and hitherto overlooked conclusions: a new dynamic can be revealed which points to a group of emerging nations. These nations do not increase their contributions marginally, but their national science systems grow endogenously. In addition to publications, their citation rates keep pace with the exponential growth patterns, albeit with a delay. The center of gravity of the world system of science may be changing accordingly.

Keywords: Analysis, China, Citation, Evaluation, Growth, Impact, Institutions, Nations, Performance, Points, Policy, Publication, Publications, Science, Science Policy, Scientific Impact

? Ahmed, T., Johnson, B., Oppenheim, C. and Peck, C. (2005), Untitled. Scientometrics, 63 (3), 631.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics63, 631.pdf

Keywords: Crick, Watson

? Glänzel, W., Thijs, B. and Schlemmer, B. (2005), A bibliometric approach to the role of author self-citations in scientific communication (vol 59, pg 63, 2004). Scientometrics, 63 (3), 633.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics63, 633.pdf

? Benito, J.G., Montesinos, M.D.H., Ferre, G.G. and Torrente, M.M. (2005), A bibliometric study of differential item functioning. Scientometrics, 64 (1), 3-16.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometric64, 3.pdf

Abstract: This study presents a bibliometric analysis of scientific output in the area of Differential Item Functioning (DIF), the aim being to offer an overview of research activity in this field and characterise its most important aspects and their evolution over the last quarter of the 20th century, thus providing data regarding the basis on which this activity is being developed at the beginning of the 21st century. The analysis make, use of the Web of Science database, the search being restricted to articles published between 1975 and 2000 and which contain the terms ‘differential item functioning’, ‘DIF or ‘item bias’. The various analyses focus on the presentation of publication frequencies and percentages, as well as on the application of Bradford’s law of scattering and Lotka’s law.

Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Study, Publication, Research, Web of Science

? Tsay, M.Y. and Chen, Y.L. (2005), Journals of general & internal medicine and surgery: An analysis and comparison of citation. Scientometrics, 64 (1), 17-30.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics64, 17.pdf

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare journal citation data, from Journal Citation Reports on the Web 2000, of general and internal medicine and Surgery. The source items and five kinds of citation data, i.e. citation counts, impact factor, immediacy index, citing half-life and cited half-life are examined and the correlation between each of the fifteen pairs of citation data is determined based on the Pearson correlation tests. The Fisher’s Z-transform was employed to test the significant difference between the Pearson correlation coefficient for each pair of citation data of these two subject areas. The following results of this work reveal: the frequently published journals are cited more frequently and also with high impact factor and immediacy index, in addition, they are usually accompanied with short citing half-life (i.e., usually cite current literature). The impact factor and immediacy index has significant correlation with citation Counts. A significant correlation also exists between impact factor and immediacy index. However there is no correlation between cited half-life and other citation data, except citing half-life. For journals of general and internal medicine and surgical medicine, there are no significant difference of the Pearson correlation coefficient for the following pair of citation data: source items and citation counts, source items and impact factor, source items and citing half-life, citation counts and citing half-life, impact factor and citing half-life, immediacy index and citing half-life, and cited half-life and citing half-life.

Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Citation Counts, Correlation Coefficient, Impact, Impact Factor, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journals, Literature, Medicine, Obsolescence, Reports, Surgery, Surgical

? Chen, D.Z., Chang, H.W., Huang, M.H. and Fu, F.C. (2005), Core technologies and key industries in Taiwan from 1978 to 2002: A perspective from patent analysis. Scientometrics, 64 (1), 31-53.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics64, 31.pdf

Abstract: This paper uses United States patent classification analysis to study the development of core technologies and key industries in Taiwan over the last 25 years, from 1978 to 2002. After counting the number of Taiwan-held United States granted Utility patents, the authors divide the years into three phases: from 1978 to 1994, with less than 500 patents each year; from 1995 to 1999, with 500-2,500 patents each year; from 2000 to 2002, with annual patents greater than 2,500. The results show that for both Taiwan’s core technologies and key industries, there was a great diversity at the first phase, while a mainstream forms and matures at the second and the third phases. However, industrial development at the third phase was more concentrated and focused than previous ones. Overall, Taiwan has clearly moved from a manufacturing-based economy to an innovation-based one, with its focus on high-tech industries during the previous 25 years.

Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Development, Germany, Industries, Patent, Patent Analysis, Taiwan, United States

? Lima, M., Liberman, S. and Russell, J.M. (2005), Scientific group cohesiveness at the National University of Mexico. Scientometrics, 64 (1), 55-66.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics64, 55.pdf

Abstract: We present the results on the relationship between the bonding number (the number of links among the authors of an article) and a measure of group cohesiveness on a Likert-type scale in three research areas, Biotechnology, Mathematics and Physics, at the National University of Mexico (UNAM). We found a difference between disciplines with regard to group size, and although there is little difference between disciplines in cohesiveness, results suggest that there is a direct relationship between the level of cohesiveness and the bonding number in Physics and Biotechnology, but not in Mathematics where the groups are much smaller.

Keywords: Authors, Biotechnology, Bonding, Cohesion, Mathematics, Mexico, Physics, Productivity, Research, Size, Teams, University

? Moon, H.S. and Lee, J.D. (2005), A fuzzy set theory approach to national composite S&T indices. Scientometrics, 64 (1), 67-83.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics64, 67.pdf

Abstract: Composite science and technology (S&T) indices are essential to overall understanding and evaluation of national S&T status, and to formulation of S&T policy. However, only a few studies on making these indices have been conducted so far since a number of complications and uncertainties are involved in the work. Therefore, this study proposes a new approach to employ fuzzy set theory and to make composite S&T indices, and applies it. The approach appears to Successfully integrate various S&T indicators into three indices: R&D input, R&D output, and economic Output. We also compare Korea’s S&T indices with those of five developed countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) to obtain some implications of the results for Korea’s S&T.

Keywords: Complications, Composite, Decision-Making, Evaluation, France, Germany, Indicators, Japan, Numbers, Policy, Science, Science and Technology, Theory, United Kingdom, United States

? Gauffriau, M. and Larsen, P.O. (2005), Counting methods are decisive for rankings based on publication and citation studies. Scientometrics, 64 (1), 85-93.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics64, 85.pdf

Abstract: For all rankings Of Countries research output based on number of publications or citations compared with population, GDP, R&D and public R&D expenses, and other national characteristics the counting method is decisive. Total counting (full credit to a country when at least one of the authors is from this country) and Fractional Counting (a country receives a fraction of full credit for a publication equal to the fraction of authors from this country) Of publications give widely different results. Counting methods must be stated, rankings based on different counting methods cannot be compared, and Fractional Counting is to be preferred.

Keywords: Countries, Nations

? Podlubny, I. (2005), Comparison of scientific impact expressed by the number of citations in different fields of science. Scientometrics, 64 (1), 95-99.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometric64, 95.pdf

Abstract: Citation distributions for 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, and 2001, which were published in the 2004 report of the National Science Foundation, USA, are analyzed. It is shown that the ratio of the total number of citations of any two broad fields of science remains close to constant over the analyzed years. Based on this observation, normalization of total numbers of citations with respect to the number of citations in mathematics is suggested as a tool for comparing scientific impact expressed by the number of citations in different fields of science.

Keywords: Citation, Citation Distributions, Citations, Fields of Science, Impact, Observation, Ratio, Science, Scientific Impact, USA

? Liu, N.C., Cheng, Y. and Liu, L. (2005), Academic ranking of world universities using scientometrics - A comment to the ‘Fatal Attraction’. Scientometrics, 64 (1), 101-109.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometric64, 101.pdf

Abstract: The Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University published on the web the Academic Ranking of World Universities and attracted wide attentions worldwide. 60% of their criteria are based on the databases using scientometrics. They were aware of all possible technical problems, have gone through ‘clean up’ processes and made necessary corrections. Highly cited researchers and articles published in nature and Science were identified one by one and attributed to the correct institutions. They are confident that errors including human ones in their data are less than two percent. They will continue their ranking efforts, improve their ranking methodologies and provide more choices on the ranking lists.

Keywords: Scientometrics, Universities, Web

? van Raan, A.F.J. (2005), Academic ranking of world universities using scientometrics - A comment to the ‘Fatal Attraction’ - Reply. Scientometrics, 64 (1), 111-112.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics64, 111.pdf

Keywords: Scientometrics, Universities

? Braun, T. and Diospatonyi, I. (2005), The journal gatekeepers of major publishing houses of core science journals. Scientometrics, 64 (2), 113-120

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics64, 113.pdf

Keywords: Journal, Journals, Publishing, Science

? Kumar, S. and Garg, K.C. (2005), Scientometrics of computer science research in India and China. Scientometrics, 64 (2), 121-132.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics64, 121.pdf

Abstract: An analysis of 2058 papers published by Chinese authors and 2678 papers published by Indian authors in the field of computer science during 1971-2000 indicates that India’s output is significantly higher than the Chinese output. However, China is catching up fast. Chinese researchers prefer to publish their research results in domestic journals, while Indian researchers prefer to publish their research results in journals published in the advanced countries of the West. Also the share of papers in journals covered by SCI for India was higher than from China. However, no significant difference has been observed in the impact of the research output of the two countries as seen by different impact indicators. Team research is more common in India as compared to China.

Keywords: Laser Research, Decline, Impact

? Lozano, S. and Salmeron, J.L. (2005), Data envelopment analysis of OR/MS journals. Scientometrics, 64 (2), 133-150.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics64, 133.pdf

Abstract: This paper presents the results of a Data Envelopment Analysis of Operations Research/ Management Science journals on two questions: the duration of the refereeing/publication process and the relation between the length of the articles published and their impact. The second question uses data publicly available through the ISI Journal Citation Reports database and through the journals contents while for the first question data had to be gathered from the journal editors through an e-mail survey. The analysis gives cues about the amount each journal should aim to reduce their lead times, setting efficiency targets both on the average time from submission to first editorial decision and on the time from final editorial decision to publication. Similarly, for each journal, efficiency targets for the average article length are obtained. Our promoting of refereeing efficiency and paper length efficiency assumes that no loss of quality in the peer review process or in the knowledge transmission process needs to happen.

Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Cost, Data Envelopment Analysis, Econometrics, Email, Impact, ISI, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journal Editors, Journals, Knowledge, Lead, Management, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Process, Publication, Quality, Reports, Review, Science, Speed, Survey

? Li, X.M., Thelwall, M., Wilkinson, D. and Musgrove, P. (2005), National and international university departmental Web site interlinking. Part 1: Validation of departmental link analysis. Scientometrics, 64 (2), 151-185.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics64, 151.pdf

Abstract: The structural similarity between hyperlinks and citations has encouraged information scientists to apply bibliometric techniques to the Web. University links have been previously validated as a new data source through significant statistical correlations between link and research measures, together with identification of motivations for hyperlink creation at the university level. Many investigations have been conducted for university interlinking, but few for departments. University Web sites are large compared with departmental Web sites, and significant statistical results are more easily obtained. Nevertheless, universities are multidisciplinary by nature and disciplines may employ the Web differently, thus patterns identified at the university level may hide subject differences. This paper validates departmental interlinking, using Physics, Chemistry and Biology departments from Australia, Canada and the UK.

Keywords: Impact Factors, Academic-Institutions, Citation Analysis, Communication, Disciplinary, Information, Patterns, Inlinks

? Li, X.M., Thelwall, M., Wilkinson, D. and Musgrove, P. (2005), National and international university departmental Web site interlinking. Part 2: Link patterns. Scientometrics, 64 (2), 187-208.

Full Text: 2005\Scientometrics64, 187.pdf

Abstract: Although many link patterns have been identified at the university level, departmental interlinking has been relatively ignored. Universities are multidisciplinary by nature and various disciplines may employ the Web differently, thus patterns identified at the university level may hide subject differences. Departments are typically subject-oriented, and departmental interlinking may therefore illustrate interesting disciplinary linking patterns, perhaps relating to informal scholarly communication. The aim of this paper is to identify whether and how link patterns differ along country and disciplinary lines between similar disciplines and similar countries. Physics, Chemistry and Biology departments in Australia, Canada and the UK have been chosen. In order to get a holistic picture of departments Web use profiles and link patterns, five different perspectives are identified and compared for each set of departments. Differences in link patterns are identified along both national and disciplinary lines, and are found to reflect offline phenomena. Along national lines, a likely explanation for the difference is that countries with better research performances make more general use of the Web; and, with respect to international peer interlinking, countries that share more scholarly communication tend to interlink more with each other. Along disciplinary lines, it seems that departments from disciplines which are more willing to distribute their research outputs tend to make more general use of the Web, and also interlink more with their national and international peers.

Keywords: Canada, Chemistry, Co-Authorship, Communication, Differences, Impact Factor, Physics, Research, Scholarly Communication, UK, Universities, University, Webometrics

? van Dalen, H.P. and Henkens, K. (2005), Signals in science - On the importance of signaling in gaining attention in science. Scientometrics,