Title: Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

Title: Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

ISO Abbreviated Title:

JCR Abbreviated Title:

ISSN: 0038-0768

Issues/Year:

Journal Country

Language:

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Publisher Address:

Subject Categories:

: Impact Factor

? Naganuma, K., Okazaki, M., Yonebayashi, K., Kyuma, K., Vijarnsorn, P. and Abubakar, Z. (1993), Surface-charge and adsorption characteristics of copper and zinc on tropical peat soils. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 39 (3), 455-462.

Full Text: 1993\Soi Sci Pla Nut39, 455.pdf

Abstract: The surface charges and the adsorption of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on tropical peat soils which are poorly documented were investigated as a function of solution pH and Cu and Zn equilibrium concentrations. The point of zero charge of tropical peat soils from Malaysia and Thailand was lower than the original soil pHs. The adsorption of Cu and Zn remarkably increased with the increase of the solution pH and the equilibrium concentrations following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. The adsorption of Cu on tropical peat soils was larger than that of Zn at the same pH value which was controlled with an automatic pH regulator. The relationship between the proton release and Cu and Zn adsorption was in the range of 1 to 2, suggesting that Cu and Zn replaced one or two protons from the sites with proton adsorption of tropical peat soils, although the proton consumption by hydrolytic Cu and Zn ions in the solution and dissociated carboxyl groups of tropical peat soils caused the decrease in the ratios of apparent release of the protons for Cu and Zn adsorption.

Keywords: Adsorption, Copper, Surface Charge, Tropical Peat Soils, Zinc, Organic-Matter, Ion-Exchange, Acid, Kinetics

? Yonebayashi, K., Pechayapisit, J., Vijarnsorn, P., Zahari, A.B. and Kyuma, K. (1994), Chemical alterations of tropical peat soils determined by waksman proximate analysis and properties of humic acids. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 40 (3), 435-444.

Full Text: 1994\Soi Sci Pla Nut40, 435.pdf

Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the chemical characteristics of tropical peat soils under natural swamp forest and their changes after reclamation. Peat soils were sampled from coastal swamps in southern Thailand and southern Peninsular Malaysia. These soils were at various stages of reclamation. The contents of water-soluble constituents in plant materials such as polysaccharides, tannins, and hemicellulose decreased with the soil depth due to leaching from subsoils below the water table. In the surface soil, readily decomposable organic constituents, namely polysaccharides, tannins, hemicellulose, and cellulose were decomposed and converted into humic acids during the first 5 y of reclamation. The humification degree of the newly formed humic acids increased in the succeeding 10 y of reclamation. Multiple regression of the pyrophosphate index, which reflects the decomposition stages of peat soils, and some other variables for their relevant characters were computed. Decreasing amounts of cellulose and lignin and increasing amounts of humic acids were found to be suitable variables for expressing the humification processes (r2 = 0.82). As a result of an NMR study, humic acids of tropical peat were considered to have long aliphatic chains, because they are likely to be partially derived from aquatic algae.

Keywords: Humic Acids, NMR, Reclamation of Peat Lands, Tropical Peat Soils, Waksman Proximate Analysis, Functional-Groups

? Nakahara, O. (1996), Reconsideration of theoretical basis of Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation. II. Approximative derivation. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 42 (1), 51-61.

Full Text: 1996\Soi Sci Pla Nut42, 51.pdf

Abstract: I constructed a modified surface complexation model that leads to the Freundlich isotherm approximately. The derivation of the Freundlich isotherm equation is based on the assumption that cations and anions are adsorbed onto the same surface simultaneously. This situation results in the formation of attractive forces between adsorbed cations and anions on the surface. Then the electrostatic energy of the surface should decrease with the increase of adsorption provided that the amount of the ion under consideration is smaller than that of the oppositely charged ion. By using the quadratic approximation theorem, me can approximate this electrostatic energy of quadratic polynomial: E(elec)(Freun)(n) = An(2)-Bn+C, by the following function: E(elec)(Freun)(n)(app) = D(nln(n/E)-n)+F, where n is the number of ions adsorbed, A, B, C, D, and E are constants with a positive value. Using this equation as the approximated electrostatic energy, we can deduce the Freundlich isotherm easily. This model provides a theoretical basis to the fact that heavy metal adsorption on the edge surface of layer silicate minerals often follows the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation.

Keywords: Cation Adsorption on Andisols, Freundlich Isotherm, Heavy Metal Adsorption, Phosphate Adsorption, Surface Complexation Models Cadmium Sorption, Charge, Phosphate, Soils

Title: Soil Science Society of America Journal

Proceedings - Soil Science Society of America 1936-1975

Bulletin of the American Soil Survey Association 1921-1936

Title: Journal Soil Science Society of America

Full Journal Title: Soil Science Society of America Journal

ISO Abbreviated Title: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

JCR Abbreviated Title: Soil Sci Soc Am J

ISSN: 0361-5995

Issues/Year: 6

Journal Country United States

Language: English

Publisher: Soil Sci Soc Amer

Publisher Address: 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711

Subject Categories:

Agriculture, Soil Science: Impact Factor 1.401, 3/29 (2000)

? Ardakani, M.S. and Stevenso, F.J. (1972), Modified ion-exchange technique for determination of stability constants of metal-soil organic matter complexes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 36 (6), 884-890.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J36, 884.pdf

Abstract: Calculation methods based on Schubert's ion-exchange equilibrium method were developed for determining stability constants of metal-soil organic matter complexes. The methods, which were free of certain assumptions and errors inherent in the ion-exchange technique as applied previously to soil organic matter, were verified using Mn(II)-citrate and Mn(II)-oxalate systems. Apparent stability constants (log K) of Zn (II)-humic acid complexes ranged from 3.13 to 5.13 at pH 6.5.

Notes: highly cited

? Biggar, J.W. and Cheung, M.W. (1973), Adsorption of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) on panoche, ephrata, and palouse soils - Thermodynamic approach to adsorption mechanism. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 37 (6), 863-868.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J37, 863.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) was studied on Panoche clay loam (at pH 4.2 and 1.2), Ephrata sandy loam, and Palouse silty loam. The adsorption processes could be described by the Freundlich equation with Freundlich constants, K, 1/n, and percentage of adsorption at 25C: respectively, 0.210, 0.92, and 3–5.6% for Panoche at pH 4.2, 2.5, 0.93, and 30% for Panoche at pH 1.2, 0.172, 0.99, and 1.9–3.6% for Ephrata, and 1.74, 0.92, and 26–33% for Palouse. Also evaluated were the standard free energy, entropy, and enthalpy associated with the adsorption processes. The values of ΔG° (kcal/mol), ΔS° (cal/mol per degree), and ΔH° (kcal/mol) were: respectively, −1.2±0.1, −14±2, and −5.3±0.6 for Panoche at pH 4.2, −2.98±0.05, −59±2, and −20±1 for Panoche at pH 1.2, −1.80±0.06, −24±3, and −9±1 for Ephrata, and −3.11±0.05, −3.3±1.5, and −4.1±0.4 for Palouse. Thermodynamic parameters were useful in assigning adsorption mechanisms to the four picloram-adsorbent-water systems.

? Griffin, R.A. and Jurinak, J.J. (1973), Test of a new model for kinetics of adsorption-desorption processes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 37 (6), 869-872.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J37, 869.pdf

Abstract: A new model for the kinetics of adsorption-desorption processes proposed by Lindstrom, Haque, and Coshow (1970) was tested with adsorption and desorption data for the interaction of phosphate with the calcite mineral surface. The model was found to offer considerable advantages in speed and convenience to those users whose experimental conditions correspond to the assumptions inherent in the derivation of the model. There was reasonable agreement between the predicted adsorption kinetic parameters and experimental data. However, considerable disparity was observed between predicted and experimental desorption parameters. It was concluded that the model was not valid for endothermic processes.

? Kuo, S. and Lotse, E.G. (1976), Kinetics of phosphate adsorption and desorption by lake sediments. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38 (1), 50-54.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J38, 50.pdf

Abstract: The objectives of the present investigation were to gain information on the rate and extent of phosphate adsorption and desorption and the energy of phosphate adsorption by lake sediments, and to evaluate the influence of the sediments on the phosphorus status of lake waters. While phosphate adsorption by sediments from Sebasticook Lake, Maine, could be described by the Freundlich equation over a large phosphorus concentration range, the Langmuir equation provided a good fit to the experimental data only at low phosphorus concentrations. The deviation from the Langmuir isotherm at high phosphorus concentrations was explained by an increase in total negative potential of the surface due to phosphorus adsorption and increased interaction between adsorbate molecules. The rate of phosphorus adsorption by the sediments could be described by the equation X = KC0t1/m. The calculated activation energy was 2.7 kcal/mole. The desorption of phosphorus from minerals and sediments was dependent on the anionic species present in the solution. The replacing power of the anions appeared to be related to their ionic potential and complexing ability. The rate of phosphorus desorption could be described by the proposed kinetic equation.

? Ardakani, M.S., Schulz, R.K. and McLaren, A.D. (1973), A kinetic study of ammonium and nitrite oxidation in a soil field plot. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38 (2), 273-277.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J38, 273.pdf

Abstract: Disappearance of NH4+ from percolating solution in a 40 m2 plot is at first attributable to both oxidation and to adsorption by the soil. Once a steady state was established and exchangeable NH4+ was equilibrated with NH4+ in soil solution, oxidation alone accounted for disappearance of NH4+ — N in the top 2.5 cm of the soil. Concentration profiles of NO2- and NO3- are described by a modified Michaelis-Menten equation. Rate constants for oxidation of NO2- → NO3- and NH4+ → NO2- are 0.6 × 10-3 and 2.5 × 10-3 ppm/hour·cm3 per bacterium, respectively. These rates are in good agreement with the values found under controlled laboratory conditions.

? Munns, D.N. and Fox, R.L. (1976), Slow reaction which continues after phosphate adsorption: Kinetics and equilibrium in some tropical soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 40 (1), 46-51.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J40, 46.pdf

Abstract: Dissolved phosphate was mixed with topsoil samples, and the decline in solution phosphate concentration (P) was followed for 200–300 days by periodically shaking and extracting subsamples with 1 or 10 mM CaCl₂ (1:10). During the first 20–40 days, (P) declined faster in soil suspensions that were being shaken than it did in undisturbed soil at 0.1 bar moisture. After 40 days of reaction, shaking time had little effect. The slow fixation had first-order kinetics with respect to (P). The relative rate was faster in an Andept than in three Oxisols. It was unaffected by lime, though lime increased the strength of adsorption. Equilibrium was achieved at 50 days in an Andept and 100–200 days in three Oxisols. At equilibrium, the amount of adsorbed phosphate remaining labile was estimated from values of (P), using 6-day adsorption isotherms. Labile phosphate so estimated amounted to 30–50% of the added phosphate, implying that the residual value of phosphate added to these soils should be substantial and permanent except for removal by crops and erosion. Desorption isotherms diverged from adsorption isotherms less markedly with increasing time after phosphate addition, as if the slow reaction caused much of the apparent hysteresis.

Enfield, C.G., Harlin, Jr., C.C. and Bledsoe, B.E. (1976), Comparison of five kinetic model for orthophosphate reactions in mineral soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 40 (2), 243-249.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J40, 243.pdf

Abstract: The kinetics of orthophosphate sorption with 25 mineral soils have been experimentally measured under laboratory conditions. The 25 mineral soils represent a wide range of physical and chemical properties. Regression analyses have been performed fitting the experimental data to five kinetic models. The five kinetic models include: a linearized first-order sorption, a first-order Freundlich sorption, an empirical function, a diffusion-limited Langmuir sorption, and a diffusion-limited Freundlich sorption. Mean correlation coefficients of 0.81, 0.83, 0.84, 0.86, and 0.88 were obtained for the models, respectively.

? Kohl, D.H., Vithayathil, F., Whitlow, R., Shearer, G. and Chien, S.H. (1976), Denitrification kinetics in soil systems: The significance of good fits of data to mathematical forms. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 40 (2), 249-253.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J40, 249.pdf

Abstract: The loss of NO₃^- added to two central Illinois soils was determined in experiments in which the soils were incubated under waterlogged conditions. The loss was measured as a function of substrate concentration in one experiment in which samples were incubated for a single time (24 hours) and as a function of time in a second experiment in which the concentration of the added NO₃^- was held constant (200 ppm NO₃^--N). The rate of loss of NO₃^- was about 5.5 times higher in one of the soils than in the other. This difference was largely overcome by the addition of glucose (1% with respect to the soil) which also greatly enhanced the rate of denitrification in both soils. The experimental points representing the rate of NO₃^- loss plotted as a function of the concentration of added NO₃^-, were equally well fit by Michaelis-Menten and exponential equations as well as by the solution to a pair of nonlinear differential equations representing a system in which the product of one reaction (e.g., the reductant generated by the oxidation of carbon compounds) is a substrate in a second sequence (e.g., the denitrification of NO₃^-). The significance of such fits is discussed. The authors point out that while such fits have certain uses, it is not possible to infer from them the mechanism of the reaction.

Munn, D.A., Wilding, L.P. and McClean, E.O. (1976), Potassium release from sand, silt and clay soil separates. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 40 (3), 364-366.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J40, 364.pdf

Abstract: Four Ohio soils of divergent mineralogy were fractionated into sand, silt, and clay-sized separates after dispersion with an ultrasonic probe. Samples were extracted for 10 days with 0.01M CaCl₂ with the solution being changed each day. There was a wide range in daily and cumulative K release among the four soils for the same particle size and for different particle sizes within the same soil. When weighted according to particle size distribution of the soil, the clay was found to contribute 30–74%, silt 24-56%, and sand 3–21% of the total K released by the sum of the three separates. In all four soils, the clay separate released the most K per unit weight. The apparent rate constants for K release from the sand and clay separates were similar and renerally higher than that for the silt separates.

Stevenson, F.J. (1976), Stability constants of Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ complexes with humic acids. Journal Soil Science Society of America, 40 (5), 665-672.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J40, 665.pdf

Abstract: Application was made of the potentiometric titration method for determining apparent stability constants for the complexes between Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cd²⁺ and three humic acids from diverse sources. Complexes of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were considerably more stable than those for Cd²⁺. Log K2 values, obtained from the relationship kj = bj/Ki (Ki = ionization constant) increased rather dramatically with decreasing salt concentration and were of the order of those reported in the literature for metal complexes with known biochemical compounds. Average log K2 values for the three humic acids (absence of neutral salts) were 8.9 for Cu²⁺, 8.7 for Pb²⁺, and 6.9 for Cd²⁺. Differences between humic acids in their ability to bind metal ions were slight. At least two major sites were involved in the binding of metal ions.

Notes: highly cited

Kinniburgh, D.G., Jackson, M.L. and Syers, J.K. (1976), Adsorption of alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal cations by hydrous oxide gels of iron and aluminium. Journal Soil Science Society of America, 40 (5), 796-799.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J40, 796.pdf

Abstract: Freshly precipitated Fe and Al gels (points of zero change at pH 8.1 and 9.4, respectively) strongly specifically adsorb divalent cations from 1M NaNO₃ solution. Adsorption from a mixed solution of eight divalent cations (each 0.12510^-3 M) in suspensions of freshly precipitated Fe and Al gels (0.093M with respect to Fe or Al) was measured as a function of pH in 1M NaNO₃. The selectivity sequence (lower pH = greater selectivity) for the retention of the alkaline earth cations by Fe gel was Ba > Ca > Sr > Mg, but for the Al gel was Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba. The selectivity sequence (Figures in parentheses indicate pH ± 0.2 for 50% retention) for the Fe gel was: Pb (3.1) > Cu(4.4) > Zn(5.4) > Ni(5.6) > Cd(5.8) > Co(6.0) > Sr(7.4) > Mg(7.8), whereas the sequence for the Al gel was: Cu(4.8) > Pb(5.2) > Zn(5.6) > Ni(6.3) > Co(6.5) > Cd(6.6) > Mg(8.1) > Sr(9.2). Significant adsorption occurred even when the extent of cation hydrolysis was much < 1%, and invariably occurred at a pH lower than that for hydroxide precipitation. Although the adsorption-pH sequences are related to cation hydrolysis and hydroxide precipitation pH values, the relationship is far from perfect, as is evidenced by the different sequences for the two gels. On aging of the Al gel in the presence of alkaline earth cations, the retention of Mg increased, while that of Ca, Sr, and Ba decreased. This result was thought to result from the structural incorporation of some Mg and the exclusion of the other cations.

Chien, S.H. (1977), Dissolution rates of phosphate rocks. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 41 (3), 656-657.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J41, 656.pdf

Abstract: The activity concept of phosphate-rock solubility was tested kinetically with three phosphate rocks covering a wide range of solubility. Two approaches were used: a single extraction solution of low solid/solution ratio (0.2 g/500 ml) and successive extractions at a high ratio (5 g/500 ml). The solution used was 1N NH₄OAc (pH 4.8). The results showed that the phosphate rocks differed in their solubility and each rock apparently contained two fractions which differed in solubility. The rate constant was found to depend on the degree of carbonate substitution for phosphate in apatite structure and the solid/solution ratio used.

Reddy, K.R., Patrick, Jr., W.H. and Phillips, R.E. (1978), The role of nitrate diffusion in determining the order and rate of denitrification in flooded soil: I. Experimental results. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42 (2), 268-272.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J42, 268.pdf

Abstract: Precipitates were formed by titrating dilute, acidic solutions of monomeric silicic acid [Si(OH)₄] and copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn) to various pH values. Those containing Cu formed above pH 6.0, those containing Zn formed above pH 7.0. Periodically, during 2 years of aging in their mother liquor, the liquid phase was sampled and analyzed and the Cu/Si or Zn/Si molar ratios of the precipitates calculated. The Cu/Si ratios of those containing Cu stabilized readily near 0.78 and were unaffected by pH. The Zn/Si ratios of the Zn-containing precipitates, however, changed as a result of Si enrichment from near 1.80 soon after their formation to near 0.80 after aging 2 years. The systems with the lowest pH changed first and most rapidly and became stabilized within 6 months, those above pH 8.0 changed more slowly. The Zn-containing precipitates gave diffuse X-ray diffraction patterns indicative of a 2:1 layer silicate, whereas those containing Cu were amorphous.

? Zasoski, R.J. and Burau, R.G. (1978), Technique for studying kinetics of adsorption in suspensions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42 (2), 372-374.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J42, 372.pdf

Abstract: Experimental techniques are described for study of both the kinetics and equilibria of metal sorption in colloidal managanese dioxide suspensions. The techniques and apparatus appear not to contaminate the reactants or to sorb metal ions onto the reaction vessel walls, even at pH’s as high as 8 and metal concentrations in parts per billion. Products and reactants can be monitored simultaneously, and a complete accounting made of the ions thought to participate in the reaction. This system allows description of the sorption process from mixing to equilibrium. Repeated sequential sampling does not alter the ratio of solution to suspension, and accurate equilibrium data can be obtained from kinetic experiments over extended periods.

Bar-Yosef, B. and Kafkafi, U. (1978), Phosphate desorption from kaolinite suspensions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42 (4), 570-574.

Full Text: 1960-80\Soi Sci Soc Ame J42, 570.pdf

Abstract: Phosphate desorption from soil minerals is one of the factors which determine the rate of P uptake by plants. Under laboratory conditions desorption is usually obtained by drastic dilution or leaching of the clay, thus inducing its dissolution. The objective of this work was to study the effect of the desorption method used, equilibration time and the dissolved silica on the desorption of P from kaolinite. Two desorption methods were used: (i) diluting 1% suspensions by various volumes of the same electrolyte, and (II) immersing a dialysis tube containing 0.25% suspension (+P) in an identical suspension initially free of P. The desorption process in both cases could be divided into a rapid and a slow first-order reaction. The rapid reaction rate constant was similar in both systems (about 4.6510^–3 hours^–1 at 25°C). The slow reaction constants were 0.310^–3 hours^–1 and 1.1510^–3 hours^–1 for cases (i) and (II), respectively. The activation energy of the desorption process in case (II) was 16.2 Kcal/mole for the rapid and 4.8 Kcal/mole for the slow reaction. The amount of silica dissolved from kaolinite due to dilution with 0.01M KCl depended on the dilution ratio and reached 16 mg SiO₂/g kaolinite when the suspension was diluted 100-fold. Readsorption of part of the dissolved silica is stipulated to contribute to the fast P desorption process.

? Rao, P.S.C. and Davidson, J.M. (1978), Non-equilibrium conditions for ammonium adsorption-desorption during flow in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal,