Personal Research Database

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 107.pdf

Abstract: The number of chemical substances is considered as a cumulative measure of the cognitive growth of preparative chemistry. During the past 200 years there is approximately exponential growth without saturation. Separate analysis of organic and inorganic chemistry suggests at least a two-phase model either. Detailed discussion of the results (considering also the growth of chemists, chemical papers, patents, and chemical elements) reveals that an external (socio-economical) explanation is insufficient. Instead, an internal (methodological) approach is suggested to explain the exponential growth as well as balancing phenomena in war and post-war times.

Keywords: Analysis, Chemical, Chemical Elements, Elements, Growth, Inorganic, Model, Organic, Patents, Saturation, War

Notes: TTopic

Schummer, J. (1997), Scientometric studies on chemistry II: Aims and methods of producing new chemical substances. Scientometrics, 39 (1), 125-140.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 125.pdf

Abstract: Chemistry, as today’s most active science, has increased its substances exponentially during the past 200 years without saturation. To get more insight why and how chemists produce new substances, a content analysis of 300 communications to the Angewandte Chemie of the years 1980, 1990, and 1995 is carried out regarding aims and methods of preparative research. In the most productive field of organic chemistry production mainly occurs to improve abilities for further production, while the less productive field of inorganic chemistry has more diverse aims. Methodological differences between organic and inorganic chemistry are discussed in detail as well as the relationship between pure and applied science.

Keywords: Analysis, Chemical, Content Analysis, Inorganic, Methods, Organic, Organic Chemistry, Production, Research, Saturation, Science

Oppenheim, C. (1997), Patent citation analysis. Scientometrics, 39 (1), 141.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 141.pdf

Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Citation Analysis

? (1997), In memoriam of Vassily Vassiliyevich Nalimov, 1910-1997. Scientometrics, 39 (2), 143-145

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 143.pdf

Budilova, E.V., Drogalina, J.A. and Teriokhin, A.T. (1997), Principal trends in modern ecology and its mathematical tools: An analysis of publications. Scientometrics, 39 (2), 147-157.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 147.pdf

Abstract: The paper deals with a scientometric analysis of publications from the journals ‘Ecology’ and ‘Ecologia’ (Russia) based on the frequencies of individual and cojoint encountering of ecological and mathematical keywords in these publications. Two main research approaches are revealed: population ecology and system ecology. The first one is used primarily in studies of plant communities, while the other in terrestrial animals and birds. Water communities are the subject of both approaches. The most spread mathematical methods are the methods of mathematical statistics which can be clustered into four groups: standard ones, multivariate methods, in particular multiple regression and multivariate analysis of variance, nonparametric or allowing deviations from normality, and methods of analysis of categorical data. Differential equations and stochastic process are used much lesser. The intensities of using mathematical methods are notably different in two journals.

Keywords: Analysis, Birds, Communities, Ecology, Equations, Groups, Methods, Multiple Regression, Multivariate, Multivariate Analysis, Paper, Plant, Plant Communities, Population, Process, Publications, Regression, Research, Russia, Standard, Statistics, Stochastic, Terrestrial, Tools, Trends

? Fonseca, L., Velloso, S., Wofchuk, S. and DeMeis, L. (1997), The importance of human relationships in scientific productivity. Scientometrics, 39 (2), 159-171.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 159.pdf

Abstract: Fifty Brazilian scientists working in life sciences were interviewed in order to explore reasons of bursts and falls in their scientific productivity. Scientists recognize specific periods of time of their career during which they are more productive. Bursts of productivity are influenced mainly by human relationships and, to a lower extent, by material conditions (equipment, grants, etc), time dedicated to work and reasons linked to the kind of work carried out. The most productive scientists tend to attribute more importance to human relations than their colleagues with lower productivity scores. Some possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

Keywords: Falls, Human, Importance, Life, Order, Productivity, Sciences, Scientific Productivity

Avkiran, N.K. (1997), Scientific collaboration in finance does not lead to better quality research. Scientometrics, 39 (2), 173-184.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 173.pdf

Abstract: The study reports an empirical comparison of quality of collaborative research with the quality of individual research. Quality of a paper is measured by the citation rate over the four years following the year of publication. papers published in fourteen Finance journals between 1987-1991 are sampled. There is no significant difference between the quality of collaborative and individual research. Decision-makers should hesitate in interpreting collaborative research as a definitive sign of ability to produce better research.

Keywords: Authorship, Citation, Collaboration, Comparison, Lead, Paper, Productivity, Psychology, Publication, Quality, Research, Single

Notes: CCountry

Sikka, P. (1997), Statistical profile of science and technology in India and Brazil. Scientometrics, 39 (2), 185-195.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 185.pdf

Abstract: By making comparison of the science indicators, the author has critically examined the development of science and technology (S&T) in India and Brazil. The SWOT analysis indicate that, with the support of federal government, both of these developing countries have built capacities and capabilities in many areas of S&T towards attaining self-reliance and have developed potential to excel in the world-market and face challenges thereof. India and Brazil are continuing to make efforts for attaining the transition from a developing to a developed country and reviewing S&T policies towards achieving industrial competitiveness.

Keywords: Analysis, Brazil, Comparison, Developing Countries, Development, India, Indicators, Industrial, Profile, Science, Support

Notes: CCountry

de Haan, J. (1997), Authorship patterns in Dutch sociology. Scientometrics, 39 (2), 197-208.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 197.pdf

Abstract: This article looks at authorship patterns in Dutch sociology from 1939 to 1987. Results from co-author analysis show an increase in collaboration. Yet, most publications are still written by single authors. Network analysis of co-author relations for two seven year intervals and one six year interval distinguished 37 clusters with three or more members. Most clusters could be identified by experts. However, the clusters only partially matched their perception of research networks within Dutch sociology.

Keywords: Analysis, Authorship, Clusters, Collaboration, Perception, Publications, Research

Notes: CCountry

Persson, O., Melin, G., Danell, R. and Kaloudis, A. (1997), Research collaboration at Nordic universities. Scientometrics, 39 (2), 209-223.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 209.pdf

Abstract: Scientific collaboration has become a major issue in science policy. The need to survey and follow up such collaboration calls for statistical indicators sensitive enough to reveal the structure and change of collaborative networks. Bibliometric analysis of co-authored scientific articles is one promising approach. This study presents data generated from a comprehensive analysis of some 20,000 articles produced by 22 Nordic universities (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) in 1993. The results show that scientific collaboration plays a key role for all universities, and that they collaborate with external institutions in just about the same extent. The inter-Nordic university network comprises about ten percent of all institutional collaborations. However, the amount of collaboration varies across fields, physics and medicine having a high degree of collaboration. The inter-Nordic network is of equal importance as the national network in physics and geosciences. Especially, when one looks at international collaboration outside the Nordic arena, the number of overlapping partners is quite low. This suggests that research specialization is the major force governing international contacts.

Keywords: Analysis, Collaboration, Denmark, Finland, Follow up, Follow-up, Importance, Indicators, Institutions, International Collaboration, Key, Low, Norway, Policy, Research, Role, Science, Science Policy, Science-Policy, Scientific Collaboration, Structure, Survey, Sweden, Universities

? Kostoff, R.N. (1997), Citation analysis cross-field normalization: A new paradigm. Scientometrics, 39 (3), 225-230.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 225.pdf

Abstract: A new paradigm for comparing quality of published papers across different disciplines has been proposed. This method uses a figure of merit of the ratio of actual citations received to the potential maximum number of citations that could have been received. It is analogous to approaches used to compare performance in physical systems, and appears intrinsically more useful than present approaches.

Keywords: Analysis, Citations, Performance, Physical, Quality

? WagnerDobler, R. (1997), Time dependencies of Bradford distributions: Structures of journal output in 20th-century logic and 19th-century mathematics. Scientometrics, 39 (3), 231-252.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 231.pdf

Abstract: Time dependencies of Bradford distributions are investigated for 19th-century mathematics and for 20th-century logic. To facilitate comparisons, for the representation of empirical Bradford distributions “ Pareto’s law “ and Lorenz diagrams are used. It is shown that the character of a Bradford distribution (including the “ core zone “ and the “ Groos droop “) depends on the stage in the development of a scientific field and that it varies with the time-span considered.

Keywords: Core, Development, Distribution, Distributions, Index, Journal, Law, Lorenz, Output, Representation

Osareh, F. and Wilson, C.S. (1997), Third World Countries (TWC) research publications by disciplines: A country-by-country citation analysis. Scientometrics, 39 (3), 253-266.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 253.pdf

Abstract: This paper discusses the publications of Third World Countries (TWC) in the Science Citation Index by disciplines. TWC documents which were nationally cross-linked at least 20 times were identified and their citing documents categorised into seven disciplines. The top 12 TWC are discussed vis-a-vis their population, Gross National Product, and the extent of participation using observed rates of contribution in each discipline and expected rates based on numbers of citations received. Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Chile, appeared most frequently in the top five ranks in each of the seven disciplines, however, none of these countries had neither the largest population nor the highest GNP per capita. Overall observed rates exceeded expected rates in all but two disciplines: Biomedicine and Agriculture. Physics? Engineering had the highest overall observed rate with the top five TWC exceeding the overall and their individual expected rates. Brazil and Venezuela led by exceeding their expected rates in four of the seven disciplines.

Keywords: Analysis, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Crosslinked, Journals, Mexico, Paper, Participation, Periphery, Population, Publications, Research, Science, Science Citation Index, Venezuela

? DeLooze, M.A. and Lemarie, J. (1997), Corpus relevance through co-word analysis: An application to plant proteins. Scientometrics, 39 (3), 267-280.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 267.pdf

Abstract: Different corpuses are analysed by means of co-word analysis, in the framework of technological watch of the industrial valorization of plant proteins. The comparison of keyword clusters reveals unequal results, raising the question of the relevance of information retrieval. The corpuses compiled do not provide ail the important signals that can be expected from this type of study. Research on several data bases (five) provides increasingly detailed images which allow for rapid progress, with the experts, towards critical points of information.

Keywords: Analysis, Clusters, Co-Word Analysis, Comparison, Industrial, Information, Information Retrieval, Leximappe, Plant, Proteins

Gupta, B.M. and Karisiddappa, C.R. (1997), Productivity of authors as reflected by duration of their scientific participation and speed of publication. Scientometrics, 39 (3), 281-291.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 281.pdf

Abstract: The paper analyses the frequency distribution of scientific productivity of authors active for same length of time in theoretical population genetics speciality. The focus of analysis is on two aspects: their actual duration of participation in total research output and the speed at which they are able to produce their research publications.

Keywords: Analysis, Distribution, Genetics, Output, Paper, Participation, Population, Productivity, Publication, Publications, Research, Scientific Productivity, Speed

Gupta, B.M., Kumar, S. and Karisiddappa, C.R. (1997), Collaboration profile of theoretical population genetics speciality. Scientometrics, 39 (3), 293-314.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics39, 293.pdf

Abstract: Traces the growth of collaborated and funded research as reflected in research papers in theoretical population genetics research speciality from 1916-80 through a case study. Analyses the proportion and extent of collaborated papers, averge number of authorship per paper, and collaborative coefficient index of research papers thereby giving an overall perspective of the growth of professionalism in the field. Studies the relation between collaboration, productivity, and funding of research papers in theoretical population genetics. Classifies the total collaborative papers/authors by type of collaboration and studies the trends and shifts in the nature and type of collaborative research over the years.

Keywords: Authorship, Case Study, Collaboration, Funding, Genetics, Growth, Index, Paper, Population, Productivity, Professionalism, Profile, Research, Sciences, Scientific Co-Authorship, Trends

Zumelzu, E. (1997), Mainstream engineering publishing in Latin America: The Chilean experience. Scientometrics, 40 (1), 3-12.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics40, 3.pdf

Abstract: An analysis was made using databases at the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in Philadelphia concerning the productivity in the field of engineering sciences in Chile, a developing country with a neoliberal economy which has mainstream articles related to the Latin American context. This paper also mentions policies and actions to be adopted in order to strengthen R&D activities to attain a higher scientific and technological progress.

Keywords: Analysis, Chile, Databases, Economy, Engineering, Institute for Scientific Information, ISI, Latin America, Made, Order, Paper, Philadelphia, Productivity, Publishing, Science, Sciences

Todorovsky, D. (1997), On the working time budget of the university teacher. Scientometrics, 40 (1), 13-21.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics40, 13.pdf

Abstract: Results of a self-observation of the working time distribution of an university teacher for a period of 28 years are reported. Averaged over the whole period, the teaching activities take 18%, scientific work −20%, and the various kinds of administrative, organizational and technical activities −51% of the working time. The changes of the working time distribution and of the working day duration during the years and the respective data related to the months in the year are presented. The working time data are compared with the growth of the scientific production of the observed person.

Keywords: Budget, Distribution, Growth, Organizational, Production, Scientific Production, Teaching

Anwar, M.A. and Abu Bakar, A.B. (1997), Current state of science and technology in the Muslim world. Scientometrics, 40 (1), 23-44.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics40, 23.pdf

Abstract: Reviews the current state of science and technology in the Muslim world in the light of the CASTASIA 1968 and the International Conference on Science in Islamic Polity 1983 recommendations of allocating 1.0 percent of GNP for R&D. The data presented indicates that the Muslim countries have not been able to achieve this target. OIC countries on the average spend 0.45 percent of their GNP on R&D as compared to 2.30 percent by OECD countries. Egypt which leads the Muslim countries spends 0.86 percent of its GNP on R&D as compared to 2.27 percent by Israel. Indonesia spends 0.17 percent as compared to 1.78 percent by Taiwan. Annual growth of R&D expenditure in a few Muslim countries, especially Turkey and Malaysia, is very encouraging. Muslims are also far behind in terms of R&D manpower. OIC countries have 8.5 scientists, engineers and technicians per 1,000 population as compared to 40.7 of world average and 139.3 for OECD countries. The contribution of Muslim countries to world science literature is also meagre. Forty-six Muslim countries contribute 1.17 percent to world science literature as compared to 1.66 percent by India and 1.48 percent by Spain. Twenty Arab countries contribute 0.55 percent as compared to 0.89 percent by Israel alone. Contribution to science literature is also analyzed on the basis of total population, literate population, and GNP per capita. Growth of science literature in many Muslim countries is faster than OECD countries.

Keywords: Current, Egypt, Growth, India, Indonesia, Israel, Light, Malaysia, Population, Recommendations, Science, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey

Rousseau, S. and Rousseau, R. (1997), Data envelopment analysis as a tool for constructing scientometric indicators. Scientometrics, 40 (1), 45-56.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics40, 45.pdf

Abstract: It is shown that Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) can be used to construct relative scientific and technological indicators. The method is explained and illustrated using countries as objects of study, GDP, active population and R&D expenditure as inputs, and publications and patents as outputs. Using these parameters the efficiency of countries is assessed.

Keywords: Efficiency, GDP, Government-Sponsored Research, Indicators, Inputs, Parameters, Patents, Performance-Measures, Population, Publications

? Bhattacharya, S., Singh, S.P. and Sudhakar, P. (1997), Tracking changes in research priorities in Physics: A macro level analysis. Scientometrics, 40 (1), 57-82.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics40, 57.pdf

Abstract: This paper attempts to monitor the changes in research priorities in Physics by analyzing the research profile of thirty three countries in major fields of Physics as classified under PACS (Physics and Astronomy Classification scheme). Data is taken from INSPEC (CD-ROM) version under two different time periods - 1990 & 1995. Priority Index (PI) is used to understand the priorities of countries in major fields and shifts in their priorities during these two time periods. Correspondence analysis is applied to the matrices of research priorities to understand the multivariate relationships between countries and fields and reveal the dynamics of changes taking place in two time periods. The results and its implications for policy studies are discussed.

Keywords: Analysis, CD-ROM, Dynamics, Multivariate, PAC, Paper, Policy, Profile, Research

? Rotto, E. and Morgan, R.P. (1997), An exploration of expert-based text analysis techniques for assessing industrial relevance in US engineering dissertation abstracts. Scientometrics, 40 (1), 83-102.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics40, 83.pdf

Abstract: This paper describes exploratory research on the application of computerized text analysis techniques to all U.S. engineering doctoral dissertation abstracts dated 1981, 1986, and 1991. Experts were utilized to categorize abstracts by industrial relevance, and to identify appropriate non-technology-specific word indicators within the abstracts. Word frequency and cluster analysis techniques were also explored for their potential utility in identifying technology-related word indicators of industrial relevance. The results of this work suggest that text analysis of engineering dissertation abstracts holds potential utility for identifying industrially relevant university-based engineering research, when used in conjunction with expert input and feedback.

Keywords: Analysis, Cluster, Cluster Analysis, Engineering, Exploration, Feedback, Indicators, Industrial, Paper, Representations, Research, Science Maps, Techniques, US, Utility

? Kostoff, R.N., Eberhart, H.J., Toothman, D.R. and Pellenbarg, R. (1997), Database Tomography for technical intelligence: Comparative roadmaps of the research impact assessment literature and the journal of the American Chemical Society. Scientometrics, 40 (1), 103-138.

Full Text: 1997\Scientometrics40, 103.pdf

Abstract: This paper shows how Database Tomography can be used to derive technical intelligence From the published literature. Database Tomography is a patented system for analyzing large amounts of textual computerized material. It includes algorithms for extracting multi-word phrase frequencies and performing phrase proximity analyses. Phrase frequency analysis provides the pervasive themes of a database, and the phrase proximity analysis provides the relationships among the pervasive themes, and between the pervasive themes and sub-themes. One potential application of Database Tomography is to obtain the thrusts and interrelationships of a technical field from papers published in the literature within that field. This paper provides applications of Database Tomography to analyses of both the non-technical field of Research Impact Assessment (RIA) and the technical field of Chemistry. A database of relevant RIA articles was analyzed to produce characteristics and key features of the RIA field. The recent prolific RIA authors, the journals prolific in RIA papers, the prolific institutions in RIA, the prolific keywords specified by the authors, and the authors whose works are cited most prolifically as well as the particular papers/journals/institutions cited most prolifically, are identified. The pervasive themes of RIA are identified through multi-word phrase analyses of the database. A phrase proximity analysis of the database shows the relationships among the pervasive themes, and the relationships between the pervasive themes and subthemes. A similar process was applied to Chemistry, with the exception that the database was limited to one year’s issues of the Journal of the American Chemical Society. Wherever possible, the RIA and Chemistry results were compared. Finally, the conceptual use of Database Tomography to help identify promising research directions was discussed.

Keywords: Algorithms, Analysis, Applications, Assessment, Characteristics, Features, Impact, Impact Assessment, Institutions, Journal, Key, Paper, Process, Recent, Research

? Gupta, B.M. (1997), Analysis of distribution of the age of citations in theoretical population genetics. Scientometrics,