Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 389.pdf

Abstract: Patent citations to the research literature offer a way for identifying and comparing contributions of scientific and technical knowledge to technological development. This case study applies this approach through a series of analyses of citations to Dutch research papers listed on Dutch-invented and foreign patents granted in the US during the years 1987-1996. First. we examined the general validity and utility of these data as input for quantitative analyses of science-technology interactions. The findings provide new empirical evidence in support of the general view that these citations reflect genuine links between science and technology. The results of the various analyses reveal several important features of industrially relevant Dutch science: (1) the international scientific impact of research papers that are also highly cited by patents, (2) the marked rise in citations to Dutch papers on foreign-invented patents, (3) the large share of author-inventor self-citations in Dutch-invented patents, (4) the growing relevance of the life sciences, (5) an increase in the importance of scientific co-operation. We also find significant differences between industrial sectors as well as major contributions of large science-based multinational enterprises, such as Philips, in domestic science-technology linkages. The paper concludes by discussing general benefits and limitations of this bibliometric approach for macro-level analysis of science bases in advanced industrialised countries like the Netherlands.

Keywords: Academic Research, Analysis, Assessment, Bibliometric, Case Study, Citation, Citations, Development, Enterprises, Features, General, Impact, Importance, Indicators, Industrial, Industrial-Innovation, Interactions, Interface, Knowledge, Life, Limitations, Paper, Patents, Research, Science, Sciences, Statistics, Support, US, Utility, Validity

Torricella-Morales, R.G., Van Hooydonk, G. and Araujo-Ruiz, J.A. (2000), Citation analysis of Cuban research. Part 1. A case study: The Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science. Scientometrics, 47 (2), 413-426.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics47, 413.pdf

Abstract: Bibliometric analyses of research in developing countries are interesting for various reasons. The situation of Cuba is rather exceptional. The Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science (CJAS) is the only Cuban research journal, indexed by the Institute of Scientific information’s Web of Science (WoS). We explore the possibilities of a citation analysis for Cuban research publications in general and for those in CJAS in particular. For the period 1988-1999, we find that this journal represents 14% of Cuban research publications. cited in the WoS. We remark that the number of self citations is relatively high and even increases since 1995, The results are classified by disciplines and we use a co-citation matrix to discuss the different observed citation patterns

Keywords: Citation, Citations, Countries, Impact Factors, Latin-America, Publication, Research, Retrieval, Scientists, Scientometrics, Strategies

? Verspagen, B. (2000), The role of large multinationals in the Dutch technology infrastructure. A patent citation analysis. Scientometrics, 47 (2), 427-448.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 427.pdf

Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of large multinational firms on the Dutch technology infrastructure. More specifically, it asks how the structure of the knowledge flows network matters for diffusion of technological knowledge in the Dutch economy. Patent citation analysis based on European Patent applications is used to quantify this network. The paper finds that there are large differences between firms in terms of the density of their ‘ego-network’, and the amount of knowledge spillovers to the Dutch economy that they generate.

Keywords: Analysis, Applications, Citation, Citation Analysis, Density, Diffusion, Economy, Enterprises, Flows, Impact, Knowledge, Paper, Research-and-Development, Role, Spillovers, Structure

? Moed, H.F. (2000), Speech delivered at the 7th International Conference on Scientometric and Informetrics in Colima (1999) in the honour of Dr. Cornelius Le Pair on the occasion of his retirement. Scientometrics, 47 (2), 449-450.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 449.pdf

Okubo, Y. (2000), An introduction to scientometrics research in France. Scientometrics, 47 (3), 451-455.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 451.pdf

Keywords: France, Research, Scientometrics

Arvanitis, R., Waast, R. and Gaillard, J. (2000), Science in Africa: A bibliometric panorama using PASCAL database. Scientometrics, 47 (3), 457-473.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 457.pdf

Abstract: PASCAL, whose troublesome artefacts we highlight, also has its strong points (multidisciplinarity, codification of the topic of each article, better coverage of some countries). As other sources, it shows that the current decade is one of crisis in African research. However, developments are highly contrasted, depending on the discipline and the regions. To the north of Africa, the Maghreb is witnessing an unprecedented gain in power. Nigerian science is in quite the contrary situation, imploding. In the rest of Africa, classification of countries brings to evidence very striking changes in order. Basic science declines. The Agricultural and the Medical sciences are stagnating. Conversely, the Engineering sciences are growing, in particular to the North of the Sahara.

Keywords: Africa, Bibliometric, Classification, Crisis, Current, Order, Research, Science, Sciences, Sources

? Dore, J.C., Dutheuil, C. and Miquel, J.F. (2000), Multidimensional analysis of trends in patent activity. Scientometrics, 47 (3), 475-492.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 475.pdf

Abstract: Only multidimensional analyses can provide overviews of complex relationships among many variables. We have previously illustrated the use of Correspondence Factor Analysis (CFA) in the analysis of publication profiles. In this article, we retrace our activity in patent analysis from the late 1970s to the present day and show how CFA is a particularly useful tool not only for describing the correlations between countries and technological Fields but also for highlighting non-linear patenting time trends.

Keywords: Activity, Analysis, Citation Analysis, Complex, Correlations, Countries, Indicators, Information, Non-Linear, Nonlinear, Patent Analysis, Profiles, Publication, Science, Statistics, Technology, Time Trends, Trends

? Gusmao, R. (2000), Developing and using indicators of multilateral S&T cooperation for policy making: The experience from European research programmes. Scientometrics, 47 (3), 493-514.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 493.pdf

Abstract: As European Union research programmes play an increasingly important role within the research and innovation systems of Member States, the need for appropriate indicators to grasp and analyze this collaborative phenomenon has in recent years become obvious. Such indicators are becoming essential decision-making tools for science policy makers at the national level. EU science policy responds to not one but a number of objectives, while one country or one laboratory’s participation in European S&T cooperation is likely to manifest a number of particularities, and be quite different from another’s. Such a complex system makes it possible to elaborate a large variety of indicators. This article proposes several possible types of indicators and shows how they could be useful for weighing research policy strategies at the national and European levels.

Keywords: Complex, Decision Making, Decision-Making, EU, European Union, Indicators, Innovation, Levels, Participation, Policy, Policy Making, Policy-Making, Recent, Research, Role, Science, Science Policy, Science-Policy, Strategies, Tools

? Laredo, P. and Mustar, P. (2000), Laboratory activity profiles: An exploratory approach. Scientometrics, 47 (3), 515-539.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 515.pdf

Abstract: This article proposes a method for characterizing the ‘activity profiles’ of research laboratories. It is based on the ‘research compass card model’ derived from the sociology of science, and which highlights the five complementary contexts in which research activities develop. A test was conducted in a regional setting on 75 labs. It demonstrates that simple indicators are enough to measure levels of involvement in each activity. Seven ‘activity profiles’ based upon the mix by labs of their marked involvement were identified, crossing both institutional and disciplinary barriers.

Keywords: Activity, Barriers, Crossing, Indicators, Levels, Profiles, Regional, Research, Science, Sociology of Science, Test

? Lemarie, S., de Looze, M.A. and Mangematin, V. (2000), Strategies of European SMEs in biotechnology: The role of size, technology and market. Scientometrics, 47 (3), 541-560.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 541.pdf

Abstract: Both the technological and market focus of 228 European biotechnology SMEs are analysed in this paper. Data from the Genetic Engineering catalogue provide a complementary representation compared to the patent publications that are most commonly used. Results of the analysis produce a new view of the development of biotech SMEs. First, no pattern of specialisation by country is observed, even though three types of company with different technological focus can be distinguished in the sample. Second, it is argued that the rapid technological evolution in this domain can hardly be explained by a rapid evolution of the technological basis of the companies, and should consequently be explained primarily by the creation of new SMEs. Third, four different patterns of linkage between technology and market focus are observed, by means of co-word analysis.

Keywords: Analysis, Biotechnology, Co-Word Analysis, Creation, Development, Evolution, Innovation, Paper, Patterns, Publications, Representation, Role, Size, Technological Evolution

Salaun, J.M., Lafouge, T. and Boukacem, C. (2000), Demand for scientific articles and citations: An example from the Institut de l’information scientifique et technique (France). Scientometrics, 47 (3), 561-588.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 561.pdf

Abstract: The patterns that appear in exchanges between researchers, scientific journal publications and the demand for scientific articles often intersect, but the logic behind each type of activity is not necessarily the same. Analyses of requests for scientific articles from document suppliers may help to interpret current developments in electronic publishing. This study of article requests to the Institut de I’information scientifique et technique (INIST) shows that, in France, document supply customers fall into three main categories: business, academic libraries and public research organisations, in descending order. Demand focuses mainly on medicine, pharmacology, biology and chemistry, and the distribution of articles is entirely in accordance with the laws of bibliometrics. A further comparative analysis shows a high reciprocal correlation (except in the physical sciences) between the 50 journals most Frequently requested from INIST, and the 50 most frequently cited journals according to ISI (Institute for Scientific Information). The titles which did not appear in either one list or the other show that the most frequently cited physics journals are not necessarily requested from the document supplier, and that, conversely, some frequently requested journals are not often cited. It may therefore be assumed that a trade in electronic articles is likely to develop quite rapidly in disciplines which are common to both lists, although this would focus on reputed titles only, but that a different pattern of electronic document exchange would emerge for scientific literature in other disciplines.

Keywords: Academic, Activity, Analysis, Bibliometrics, Biology, Citations, Comparative Analysis, Correlation, Current, Distribution, Fall, France, Institute for Scientific Information, ISI, Journal, Libraries, Order, Pharmacology, Physical, Publications, Publishing, Research, Sciences, Serials, Stationary Scientometric Distributions

Sigogneau, A. (2000), An analysis of document types published in journals related to physics: Proceeding papers recorded in the Science Citation Index database. Scientometrics, 47 (3), 589-604.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 589.pdf

Abstract: The introduction of bibliometric indicators to compare the scientific performance of countries soon raised questions about what document types should be counted for comparison. The present study deals with the development of different document types published in journals related to Physics and recorded in the Science Citation Index. We first take a look at the evolution of the production and citation of papers by document type as well as at the specialization of countries in different document types. We then highlight some characteristics of the ISI document type category ‘Proceedings’ followed by an analysis of publishers and average number of ‘Proceedings’ pages.

Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Characteristics, Citation, Comparison, Development, Evolution, Indicators, ISI, Performance, Production, Science Citation Index

? Solari, A. and Magri, M.H. (2000), A new approach to the SCI Journal Citation Reports, a system for evaluating scientific journals. Scientometrics, 47 (3), 605-625.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 605.pdf

Abstract: The Science Citation Index, Journal Citation Reports (JCR), published by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and designed to rank, evaluate, categorize and compare journals, is used in a wide scientific context as a tool for evaluating researchers and research work, through the use of just one of its indicators, the impact factor. With the aim of obtaining an overall and synthetic perspective of impact factor values, we studied the frequency distributions of this indicator using the box-plot method. Using this method we divided the journals listed in the JCR into five groups (low, lower central, upper central, high and extreme). These groups position the journal in relation to its competitors. Thus, the group designated as extreme contains the journals with high impact factors which are deemed to be prestigious by the scientific community. We used the JCR data from 1996 to determine these groups, firstly for all subject categories combined (all 4779 journals) and then for each of the 183 ISI subject categories. We then substituted the indicator value for each journal by the name of the group in which it was classified. The journal group may differ from one subject category to another. In this article, we present a guide for evaluating journals constructed as described above. It provides a comprehensive and synthetic view of two of the most used sections of the JCR, It makes it possible to make more accurate and complete judgements on and through the journals, and avoids an oversimplified view of the complex reality of the world of journals. It immediately reveals the scientific subject category where the journal is best positioned. Also, whereas it used to be difficult to make intra- and interdisciplinary comparisons, this is now possible without having to consult the different sections of the JCR. We construct this guide each year using indicators published in the JCR by the ISI.

Keywords: Community, Complex, Distributions, Group, Groups, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Indicator, Indicators, Institute for Scientific Information, Interdisciplinary, ISI, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Low, Position, Rank, Research, Research Work, SCI, Science Citation Index, Synthetic, Upper

? Zitt, M., Bassecoulard, E. and Okubo, Y. (2000), Shadows of the past in international cooperation: Collaboration profiles of the top five producers of science. Scientometrics, 47 (3), 627-657.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics47, 627.pdf

Abstract: This article aims at a characterization of the cooperation behavior among five large scientific countries (France, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom and United States of America) from 1986 to 1996. It looks at the cooperation profiles of these countries using classical measures such as the Probabilistic Affinity. The results show the major influence which historical, cultural and linguistic proximities may have on patterns of cooperation, with few changes over the period of time studied. A lack of specific affinities among the three largest European countries is revealed, and this contrasts with the strong linkage demonstrated between United States and Japan. The ensuing discussion raises some questions as to the process of Europeanization in science. The intensity of bilateral cooperation linkages is then studied with regard to field specialization by country, and this analysis yields no general patterns at the scale studied. Specific bilateral behaviors are also analyzed.

Keywords: Analysis, Authorship, Behavior, Bilateral, Characterization, Countries, France, General, Germany, Historical, Intensity, Japan, Link Indicator, Process, Profiles, Scale, Science, Scientific Collaboration, United Kingdom, United States

Anduckia, J.C., Gomez, J. and Gomez, Y.J. (2000), Bibliometric output from Colombian researchers with approved projects by COLCIENCIAS between 1983 and 1994. Scientometrics, 48 (1), 3-25.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics48, 3.pdf

Abstract: We present a characterization of bibliometric output in Colombia resulting from research projects financed by COLCIENCIAS between 1983 and 1994 in the following programs: Health Sciences, Basic Science, Energy and Mining, Agricultural Sciences, Technological, Industrial and Quality Development, Marine Sciences, Social Sciences, Education, Environment and Habitat, Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Systems. In the case of periodicals, we establish: patterns of production by author, patterns of publication in national journals vs. international journals, the effect of international collaboration in projects over publication in international journals, patterns of bibliometric production by fields of research using UNESCO classifications, a list of the most frequently used journals by Colombian researchers as vehicles to communicate their results, patterns of bibliometric production from Colombian institutions, geographical distribution of bibliometric output, and finally, a review on the mean number of authors of articles for some fields of science and technology. We present also theses production patterns for books and B.Sc., MSc. and PhD. theses using UNESCO codes of the projects. We comment on the human resources formation. It is found as a dominant behavior of the so commented patterns a low index of publication per project and a high tendency in the distribution of publications to concentrate on few actors (researchers, institutions, origin of the publication, journals, human resources). It is also found that there exists a strong concentration of bibliometric output in the program of Basic Sciences, in fields such as phytochemistry and solid state physics (super and semiconductors).

Keywords: Behavior, Bibliometric, Characterization, Collaboration, Colombia, Concentration, Countries, Distribution, Formation, Human, Index, Institutions, International Collaboration, Latin-America, Low, Output, Periodical Publications, Periodicals, Production, Program, Publication, Publications, Research, Research Projects, Review, Science

Prasad, A. and Visalakshi, S. (2000), Trends and profile in enzyme engineering research during 1971-98. Scientometrics, 48 (1), 27-44.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics48, 27.pdf

Abstract: There is sufficient evidence to prove the potential of immobilized enzymes to be commercially successful in many industries, but a survey of products in biotechnology and some reports indicate its limited success. To visualize the factual status, the present study looks into trends and profiles of this field using scientometric methods. The salient results show a steady decline in outputs in the form of patents and publications since 1993 along with a decline in the number of groups from academics and industries. Among the countries involved, there is also a decline, though USA and Japan show some strength in basic and applied research, respectively.

Keywords: Biotechnology, Engineering, Enzyme, Enzymes, Groups, Immobilized, Indicators, Japan, Laser Research, Methods, Patents, Products, Profile, Profiles, Publications, Research, Science, Strength, Survey, Trends, USA

? Nanda, S.K., Rivas, A.L., Trochim, W.M. and Deshler, J.D. (2000), Emphasis on validation in research: A meta-analysis. Scientometrics, 48 (1), 45-64.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics48, 45.pdf

Abstract: The emphasis of validity as a publication content was investigated in dissertations and journal articles. The time of first publication, longitudinal publication profile, ratio of articles to dissertations, and time lag between dissertations and articles emphasizing validity were compared within and among various fields. A three-decade gap separated the first field adopting validity-related contents in its dissertations from the latest fields that did so. The longitudinal data suggested three groups of fields (Agricultural Sciences, Applied Sciences and Social Sciences) which showed consistent differences among groups and consistent similarities within groups in their emphasis on validity-related content. Adoption of validity-related content in dissertations always preceded adoption of validity-related content in journal articles. On average, less than 4% of journal articles included validity-related content across fields. These findings support the hypothesis that validity has been introduced and disseminated within fields following patterns predicted by diffusion of innovations theory. It is argued that this pattern is inconsistent with an efficient and interdisciplinary utilization of available knowledge. Policy recommendations are made for developing strategic communication and education programs for academicians and journal reviewers.

Keywords: Communication, Diffusion, Education, Groups, Interdisciplinary, Journal, Knowledge, Longitudinal, Made, Meta-Analysis, Profile, Publication, Recommendations, Research, Support, Theory, Time Lag, Time-Lag, Utilization, Validation, Validity

Abt, H.A. (2000), Do important papers produce high citation counts? Scientometrics, 48 (1), 65-70.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics48, 65.pdf

Abstract: In honor of the centennial of the American Astronomical Society, we asked 53 senior astronomers to select what they thought were the most important papers published in the Astronomical Journal or Astrophysical Journal during this century. This selection of important papers gives us the opportunity to determine whether important papers invariably produce high citation counts. We compared those papers with control papers that appeared immediately before and after the important papers. We found that the important papers published before 1950 produced 11 times as many citations on the average as the controls and after 1950, 5.1 times as many citations. Of the important papers, 92% produced more citations than the average for the control papers. Therefore important papers almost invariably produce many more citations than others, and citation counts are good measures of importance or usefulness. An appraisal of the 53 papers is that three are primarily useful collections of data or descriptions, 46 are fundamental studies giving important results, and four are both useful and fundamental. The lifetimes of all 53 important papers average 2.5 times longer than for the controls. The ages of the authors of these important papers ranged from 23 to 70, with a mean of 39±11 years, indicating that astronomers can write important papers at any age.

Keywords: Age, Citation, Citations, Control, Importance, Selection

Tonta, Y. (2000), Contribution of Turkish researchers to the world’s biomedical literature (1988-1997). Scientometrics,