Personal Research Database

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics11, 281.pdf

Abstract: In this paper we show that it is theoretically impossible to draw empirically founded conclusions about the relation between age and productivity. Only the relation between age and productivity increase can be verified empirically. With this limitation in mind, a subsequent analysis of productivity data of Dutch physicists, chemists en economists, indicates that the growth rate of productivity is higher at ages under 35 than at ages over 35.

? Leydesdorff, L. (1987), Various methods for the mapping of science. Scientometrics, 11 (5-6), 295-324.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics11, 295.pdf

Abstract: The dynamic mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index was put on the research agenda of science studies by De Solla Price in the mid 1960s. Recently, proponents of ‘co-citation cluster analysis’ have claimed that in principle their methodology makes such mapping possible. The study examines this claim, both methodologically and theoretically, in relation to other means of mapping science. A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents’ citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented. At these three levels of possible study of aggregates of citations, an analysis is pursued for the years 1978 to 1984. The many different statistical methods which are in use for the analysis of the respective datamatrices-such as cluster analysis, factor analysis and multidimensional scalling-are assessed with a view to their potential to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics at the different levels in relation to each other. This will lead to some recommendations about methods to use and to avoid when we aim at a comprehensive mapping of science. Although the study is pursued at a formal and analytical level, in the conclusions an attempt is made to reflect on the results in terms of further substantial questions for the study of the dynamics of science.

? Vanraan, A.F.J. and Hartmann, D. (1987), The comparative impact of scientific publications and journals: Methods of measurement and graphical display. Scientometrics, 11 (5-6), 325-331.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics11, 325.pdf

Abstract: A method is presented to display the comparative impact of scientific publications relative to their ‘environment’ (e.g., journals). Furthermore, the method gives a new approach to the establishment of a journal’s impact as measured by received citations. Moreover, in this impact measurement a dffferentation between various types of publieatioias (editorials and letters, ‘normal’ papers, reviews, etc.) can be made. It is argued that the method presented is more useful for library and research evaluation policies than the ISI impact factor.

? Nederhof, A.J. and Vanraan, A.F.J. (1987), Peer-review and bibliometric indicators of scientific performance: A comparison of CUM Laude doctorates with ordinary doctorates in physics. Scientometrics, 11 (5-6), 333-350.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics11, 333.pdf

Abstract: Quality judgments of predominantly local senior scientists regarding the scientific performance of candidates for a doctorate degree in physics were compared to the non-local short-term and long-term impact of the work published by these candidates before and after graduation. It was hypothesized that publications of cum laude degree-holders (‘cumlaudes’), both shortly before and shortly after the award of the degree, would be higher cited both on the short and long run than publications of ‘ordinary’ degree-holders. Before graduation, cumlaudes were significantly more productive, as well as authors of more highly cited publications than ordinary doctorates. Publications authored by cumlaudes some years before their graduation received on the average more than twice as many citations as publications authored by non-cumlaudes. However, in particular for cumlaudes, productivity and impact decreased sharply in years after graduation. After graduation, cumlaudes continued to be more productive than non-cumlaudes, but the impact of their publications equalled those produced by non-cumlaudes. The results offer little evidence for the Matthew effect and the Ortega hypothesis, but support the validity of both peer review outcomes and bibliometric impact assessments of scientific performance.

? Tijseen, R.J.W., Deleeuw, J. and Vanraan, A.F.J. (1987), Quasi-correspondence analysis on scientometric transaction matrices. Scientometrics, 11 (5-6), 351-366.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics11, 351.pdf

Abstract: In principle, a scientometric transaction matrix can be modelled by assuming that the number of transactions is the result of independent row and column contributions. More often one is primarily interested in the cross-structural relations between the participating entities, whereas the row and column margintls are of lesser or no importance. The values of the residuals after fitting an independence model to a complete transaction matrix can be analyzed by correspondence analysis to investigate the structure of the transactions between the rows and columns, after correcting for their marginal tiequencies. Recently a modification of correspondence analysis has been developed, quasi-correspondence analysis, which seems quite suitable for the analysis of citation-based transaction matrices which are incomplete or in which the incorporation of certain transactions may seem inappropriate, An illustration of both data analysis-techniques will be given using a journal-to-journal citation matrix.

? Braun, T., Glänzel, W. and Schubert, A. (1987), One more version of the facts and figures on publication output and relative citation impact in physics and mathematics 1978-1980. Scientometrics, 12 (1-2), 3-16.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 3.pdf

? Prabha, C.G. and Lancaster, F.W. (1987), Comparing the scatter of citing and cited literature. Scientometrics, 12 (1-2), 17-32.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 17.pdf

Abstract: Using the subjects desalination and educational psychology, the scatter of periodical articles over periodical titles was compared at two levels, the second level being a random sample of periodical articles cited by the first level. Several measures were used to compare the extent of scatter at the two levels. Some methods commonly used in bibliometrics produced conflicting evidence on whether the citing literature (first-level) or the cited (second-level) was more scattered. A computer-intensive sampling procedure, known as the Bootstrap method, was then used to estimate the scatter of the total cited population from the scatter of the empirical sample. Cumulative distributions were prepared to show what percentage of periodicals accounted for various percentages of articles at each level of scatter. Only at the 90th percentile of articles did the percentage of periodical titles in the cited literature significantly exceed that of the citing literature. At the tail-end of the Bradford-type distribution, the cited literature appears to be more scattered than the literature citing it.

Keywords: Hungary, Mexico

Notes: MModel

? Gupta, D.K. (1987), Lotka’s law and productivity patterns of entomological research in Nigeria for the period, 1900-1973. Scientometrics, 12 (1-2), 33-46.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 33.pdf

Abstract: A bibliography of entomological research in Nigeria, 1900-1973 totally 1720 publications was analysed to study the author productivity patterns and to test the applicability of Lotka~s law for the obtained distributions. Four different files’ were generated, one for the publications of all the authors, second for the publications by first authors, third for single authors and fourth for coauthors. Lotka’s law in its original form as inverse square law does not apply to any of the four data sets. However, it does apply in its generalised form with the calculated values of characteristic exponent c~. The values of a were found to be 1.9, 1.8, 2.2 and 2.4 for the four different data sets. K - S statistical test was aplied to test the applicability of generalised form of Lotka’s law. The maximum difference in the observed and estimated values of the proportions of authors was found to be highly insignificant at 0.01 level of significance in each of the four cases.

Keywords: Lotka, Nigeria

? Vinkler, P. (1987), A quasi-quantitative citation model. Scientometrics, 12 (1-2), 47-72.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 47.pdf

Abstract: On the basis of investigating author’s opinion on citing motivations of chemistry papers a quasi.quantitative model for citing is suggested. The model selects professional and nonprofessional motivations of citing and introduces the citation threshold concept which tries to characterize the effect of citing motivations quantitatively. Possible reasons for missing citations are also treated. Mean ages of real and of self-citations were calculated by subtracting the average of the publication years of cited papers from the publication year of the citing publication. The difference between the mean ages may characterize the synehronity of the author’s research in comparison with those working on similar topics. The paper introduces the citation strategy indicator which relates impact factors of cited periodicals with the mean impact factor of periodicals in the corresponding research subfield.

? Russell, J.M., Mendoza, M. and Martinez, G. (1987), Patterns of literature citation by undergraduate students and researchers in the veterinary field. Scientometrics, 12 (1-2), 73-80.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 73.pdf

Abstract: A comparative analysis carded out on tile literature citation characteristics of two sets of Mexican research documents produced in the veterinary field-the undergraduate thesis and the research journal article-revealed distinct patterns of literature usage on the part of the authors. It is suggested that the differences reflect the relative qualities of the research undertaken by two populations with distinct research competence and experience.

? Mendez, A., Gomez, I., Fernandez, M.T. and Aguado, G.L. (1987), 6 years of spanish scientific activity in physics and engineering through inspec and compendex. Scientometrics, 12 (1-2), 81-100.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 81.pdf

Abstract: This study is an analysis of six years of Spanish bibliography retrieved from INSPEC and COMPENDEX. The quantitative evolution of the scientific activity by years and Institutions, the recent tendencies to publish in foreign journals, as well as to have the papers signed by more authors are followed. The most frequently used journals are ranked according to their impact factor and subject. Some hypothesis are formulated and tested, trying to find a relationship between the growth of the Spanish scientific activity and its quality.

? Shaw, J.G. (1987), Article-by-article citation analysis of medical journals. Scientometrics, 12 (1-2), 101-110.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 101.pdf

Abstract: An article by article analysis produced by ISI has been investigated to see whether this form of feedback might be useful to the editors. The data highlight the different roles of two medical journals, which axe often regarded as similar. They also allow a parallel examination of the citation pattern of other items besides the standard scientific reseaxeh articles.

? Brunk, G.G. and Demack, G. (1987), Short-run trends in United-States patent activity. Scientometrics, 12 (1-2), 111-133.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 111.pdf

Abstract: We examine a newly created data series consisting of the monthly number of American patents granted since 1853. An initial examination divides the series into four time periods. An analysis of short-run cycles demonstrates that the same Box-Jenkins model is not applicable to all four periods. Differences in nineteenth and twentieth century model parameters may be a result of frequent bureaucratic reinterpretations of America’s patent law during the last century, or-as many have claimed-may repsesent changes in the process of innovation itself over time. Our findings suggest that future researchers discriminate between two periods in their analyses. The first lasts until the late 1870’s, during which time there was a very high variability in the number of patents issued. Since the late 1870’s there has been a substantial decline in variability, and the amount of variance that can be explained by a simple Box-Jenkins model has increased. Still, not much variation can be explained using short-run cycles, and longer cycles appear to be both time period specific and highly unstable. The dynamics of American inventive activity are complex, and inventive activity appears t o be largely driven by exogenous factors such as wars, economic conditions and changes in governmental policy, rather than by its own internal dynamics.

Keywords: United States

? Frame, J.D. and Narin, F. (1987), The growth of Chinese scientific-research, 1973-84. Scientometrics, 12 (1-2), 135-144.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 135.pdf

Abstract: During the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), scientific work came to a halt in China. Universities closed, primary and secondary school education shut down, and intellectuals (including scientists and engineers) were sent to the countryside or to factories to work. The effects of the Cultural Revolution are reflected in China’s output of scientific literature. In 1973, for example, only one Chinese paper appeared in any of the world’s 2300 most central journals covered by the Science Citation Index. After restrictive policies were loosened, however, scientific papers grew exponentially. By 1982, only six years after the Cnltural Revolution ended, Chinese scientists produced 932 papers. This exponential growth of papers leveled off at this point and the number of papers appearing in the core 2300 journal stood at approximately 1000 in 1983 and 1984.

Keywords: Chinese

? Stefaniak, B. (1987), Use of Bibliographic databases for scientometric studies. Scientometrics, 12 (3-4), 149-161.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 149.pdf

Abstract: The paper is a review of different applications of various bibliographic data bases to bibliometrie and scientometrie research such as identifying the leading journals in certain fields, investigating the structure and development of particular fields including trend analysis and foreeasting~ as well as the study of the contribution of various countries to world science as reflected in scientific literature presented in information f’des. The paper also covers the results of investigation of Polish scientific literature, as presented in the foreign data bases, in the fields of information science (LISA, ISA, INSPEC, 1977-1983), chemistry (CASeareh, 1978-1985), physics (INSPEC, 1979-1985), science-various disciplines (SCISEARCH, 1980-1984), Along with many advantages of using bibliographic data bases for seientometrie research some limitations are also described which may originate in data bases content, and have to be taken into account while designing such a type of investigation.

? Bialon, L. (1987), Research-and-development potential of Polish industry. Scientometrics, 12 (3-4), 163-177.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 163.pdf

Abstract: The paper presents the methodology of investigating research intensity as well as the results of empirical investigation of Polish industry. The result of the analysis is the classification of industries according to their research intensity. The author indicates also that this type of analysis can be applied for planning development of industry.

? Jakubowski, A., Kulikowski, R. and Wagner, D. (1987), Allocation of research funds in competitive environment: A computerized negotiation system. Scientometrics, 12 (3-4), 179-196.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 179.pdf

Abstract: The paper is concerned with the problem of financing of complex research programs. One of tasks to be solved consists in assigning research teams, willing to participate in a given program, to research projects being its elements, under conditions of constrained, budget. It is assumed that the strategy of every research team head is to maximize the average time-discounted income per person. In the previous paper of the authors a special negotiation procedure has been proposed to solve this problem. This paper presents some possible extensions and modifications of the procedure. At each stage of this procedure the heads of research teams involved have to make decisions on the assignment of their workers to particular projects. The proposed system of interactions among the research teams heads provides a possibility of reaching the eonsemus in the matter of this assignment. Simultaneously, it makes possible to solve the problem of research funds alloeation Such a system is considered as a multiperson game of Nash type with the non-zero sum of the players payments.

? Kot, S.M. (1987), The stochastic-model of evolution of scientific disciplines. Scientometrics, 12 (3-4), 197-205.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 197.pdf

Abstract: In the paper science is regarded as a self-adapting system consisting of two subsystems. The stochastic model of one of the subsystems is proposed. The model reflects changes of the structure of a scientific discipline. As an example a model for the physics of elementary particles is presented.

? Lewickastrzalecka, A. (1987), Dynamics and structure of systems science. Scientometrics, 12 (3-4), 207-219.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 207.pdf

Abstract: Systems science constitutes a specially difficult object of analysis as it is wide, interdisciplinary and shows ambiguity of notions and terms. These difficulties may be mastered, at least to some extent, with the aid of the analysis of the bibliographic citations system enabling a thorough study of the dynamics and structure of systems science, This paper presents the results of such analysis, Papers presented in Vienna at the Seventh European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research (1984) formed the material, the analyses were made on.

? Okrasa, W. (1987), Differences in scientific productivity of research units: Measurement and analysis of output inequality. Scientometrics, 12 (3-4), 221-239.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 221.pdf

Abstract: Three aspects of inequalities in scientific productivity of research units-scientists within RUs, RUs in the full sample and its cross-section, and an aggregate approach, in which components referring to the first two types of inequality were distinguished-was used to analyse the causes underlying unequall productivity. Using inequality measure basedon the theory of information (Theil measure) an inverse relationship between volume of produetivity and its inequality was empirically found both within research units and among RUs of a given organizitional system. Therefore identifying the sources of variability of output inequalities may be helpful in drawing conclusions regarding to the absolute volumes of scientific productivity of RUs.

Notes: UUniversity

? Sitarska, A. (1987), Scientometrics and bibliometrics in the Warsaw University curriculum of library and information science: Place and field structure. Scientometrics, 12 (3-4), 241-257.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 241.pdf

Abstract: The paper describes the curriculum subject matter and its placement in the didactic processes at the Institute of Library and Information Science (Instytut Bibliotekoznawstwa i Informacji Naukowej IBIN) at the Warsaw University comparing some elements with other academic schools in Poland. Bibliographic traditions, and traditions in teaching the history of science are indicated as the basis for the present state of affairs. In addition to the discussion of classes and topics dealing with bibliometfies and seientometries, also problems of reading list repertoire and subject matter of research work, connected with the didactic activity considered, are discussed. In the conclusions it is stated that inadequate explicitness of the scope and object of bibliometries bears on the dispersion and lack of self-subsistence of bibliometries substance.

Keywords: Bibliometrics, Scientometrics

? Schubert, A., Glänzel, W. and Braun, T. (1987), Subject field characteristic citation scores and scales for assessing research performance. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 267-291.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 267.pdf

? Macroberts, M.H. and Macroberts, B.R. (1987), Testing the Ortega hypothesis: Facts and artifacts. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 293-295.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 293.pdf

Abstract: We examine the assumptions and data base used by researchers who have tested the Ortega hypothesis. We find that the assumptions are not supported by the data and that the data are faulty. We conclude that the results are artifactual. We recommend that any policy implemented on the basis of this research be suspended.

? Line, M.B. (1987), The shoulders of giants, or the backs of mice. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 297-298.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 297.pdf

? Moravcsik, M.J. (1987), We must ask questions before giving answers. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 299-301.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 299.pdf

? Nalimov, V.V. (1987), Scientists are not acrobats. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 303-304.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 303.pdf

? Leydesdorff, L. (1987), Towards a theory of citation. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 305-309.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 305.pdf

? Snizek, W.E. (1987), In search of influence: The testing of the ortega hypothesis. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 311-314.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 311.pdf

? Meadows, A.J. (1987), Ortega hypothesis. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 315-316.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 315.pdf

? Oromaner, M. (1987), Ortega, obliteration and policy consequences. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 317-319.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 317.pdf

? Lawani, S.M. (1987), The ortega hypothesis, individual-differences, and cumulative advantage. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 321-323.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 321.pdf

? Nederhof, A.J. and Vanraan, A.F.J. (1987), Citation theory and the Ortega hypothesis. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 325-328.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 325.pdf

? Zuckerman, H. (1987), Citation analysis and the complex problem of intellectual influence. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 329-338.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 329.pdf

? Nalimov, V.V. (1987), Scientists are not acrobats. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 303-304.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 303.pdf

? Leydesdorff, L. (1987), Towards a theory of citation. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 305-309.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 305.pdf

? Snizek, W.E. (1987), In search of influence: The testing of the ortega hypothesis. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 311-314.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 311.pdf

? Meadows, A.J. (1987), Ortega hypothesis. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 315-316.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 315.pdf

? Oromaner, M. (1987), Ortega, obliteration and policy consequences. Scientometrics, 12 (5-6), 317-319.

Full Text: 1987\Scientometrics12, 317.pdf

? Lawani, S.M. (1987), The ortega hypothesis, individual-differences, and cumulative advantage. Scientometrics,