Personal Research Database

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 127.pdf

Abstract: Four pairs of articles provide a framework for the bibliometfic analysis of presentations of scientific findings to non-specialist audiences. One member of each pair is a professional-level review article, the other is its counterpart as published in Scientific American. Two of the pairs were published in the mid-1960’s and two pairs were published in the mid-1980’s. The pace and scope of popular reportage improved over the twenty-year span but the readability index for popular treatments suggests that there are still serious barriers to mass audience consumption. Examination of the personal references in the popular presentations reveals linkage patterns that are analogous to those found by citation and co-citation analyses.

? Onodera, N. (1988), A frequency distribution function derived from a stochastic model considering human behaviors and its comparison with an empirical bibliometric distribution. Scientometrics, 14 (1-2), 143-159.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 143.pdf

Abstract: Simon’s stochastic model is extended to take both ‘selective’ and ‘random’ factors in human behaviors into consideration. The resulting distribution function is of ‘non-steady-state’ type and approaches the Poisson distribution at the random limit while the Yule (or Zipf) distribution at the selective limit. A comparison of the theoretical distribution with an observed one for classification items indexed in a bibliographic database is made. The results give some insights into statistical features of a class in which the total number of elements is fixed.

? Vinkler, P. (1988), Weighted impact of publications and relative contribution score: 2 new indicators characterizing publication activity of countries. Scientometrics, 14 (1-2), 161-163.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 161.pdf

Abstract: In order to characterize the relative publication output of countries both qualitatively and quantitatively two indicators [Weighted Impact of Publications (WlP) and Relative Contribution Score (RCS)] are suggested. The RCS indicator may reflect the contribution of countries to the world science by inhabitants.

? Small, H. (1988), Mapping the dynamics of science and technology: Callon, M, Law, J, Rip, A. Scientometrics, 14 (1-2), 165-168.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 165.pdf

? Healey, P., Irvine, J. and Martin, B.R. (1988), Introduction: Quantitative science-policy studies in the United Kingdom. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 177-183.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 177.pdf

Keywords: United Kingdom

Note: CCountry

? Phillips, D.C. and Turney, J. (1988), Bibliometrics and UK science policy. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 185-200.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 185.pdf

Keywords: Bibliometrics

? Collins, P.M.D. (1988), Research performance and migration: Two sepsu studies. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 201-211.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 201.pdf

Abstract: This paper describes two recent studies by the Science and Engineering Policy Studies Unit (SEPSU). The first is a comparative evaluation of national performance in basic research - an exploration of methodology and extensive data on several facets of national performance. The second deals with the migration of scientists and: engineers to and from the UK, and reports a mote complex picture than some commentators had expected.

? Carpenter, M.P., Gibb, F., Harris, M., Irvine, J., Martin, B.R. and Narin, F. (1988), Bibliometric profiles for British Academic Institutions: An experiment to develop research output indicators. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 213-233.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 213.pdf

Abstract: In this paper, we report the results of an exploratory study commissioned by the Advisory Board for the Research Councils to produce bibliometric research profiles for academic and related institutions within the UK. The approach adopted is based on the methodology developed by CHI Research whereby publications from a given institution ate weighted according to the influence of the journal in which they appear. Although certen technical limitations were encountered with the approach, the study nonetheless yielded potentially useful information on the comparative research output of British universities and polytechnics.

Keywords: Science

? Crewe, I. (1988), Reputation, research and reality: The Publication records of UK departments of politics, 1978-1984. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 235-250.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 235.pdf

Abstract: This article contributes some data on the relative research performance of university departments, a topic of growing interest. It analyses the total published and per capita publication rates of 52 UK Politics Departments from 1978 to 1984. The main findings are that 1) departmental per capita publication rates vary enormously, 2) a department’s relative productivity is strongly correlated across all types of publication, 3) a few departments are substantially more productive then the rest, 4) among highly productive departments, one can usefully distinguish between those with ‘collective’ and those with ‘individual’ strength 5) a department’s productivity is not related to its size. Various rankings are compiled and compared .with the THES peer review and the UGC’s classification of research quality.

? Law, J., Bauin, S., Courtial, J.P. and Whittaker, J. (1988), Policy and the mapping of scientific change: A co-word analysis of research into environmental acidification. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 251-264.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 251.pdf

Abstract: This paper describes recent developments in the co-word method and illustrates, for the ease of acid raha research, the way in which the method can be used to detect (a) the themes of research to be found in a given area of science, (b) the relationships between those themes, (c) the extent to which they are central to the area in question and (d) the degree to which they are internally structured. It is also suggested that the method may be used to draw comparative research profiles for different countries. Though the data used are only preliminiary, it is argued that the method has now been developed to the point where its results are both quite robust and easily assimilable. It is, accordingly, now an appropriate tool for policy analysis.

? Giusti, W.L. and Georghiou, L. (1988), The use of co-nomination analysis in real-time evaluation of an R&D program. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 265-281.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 265.pdf

Abstract: This article describes the application of co-nomination analysis, a technique designed to nmp the structure of a research community. The technique was used as part of the evaluation of the UK national information technology programme, which sponsors collaborative research between firms and between firms and universities. Co-nomination networks are based upon responses to questionnaires in which researchers are asked to nominate other researchers whose work is simil~r or relevant to their own. Researchers nominated in the same response are presumed to be linked, and where these links occur with multiple frequency, the likelihood of their being significant is increased. The article describes the extension of a network which had been previously identified and compares the citation scores of researchers identified in the networks. It is concluded that the networks represented were realistic and a useful input to the evaluation. Industrial and government researchers with low citation score’s were in some cases central to the networks, suggesting that co-nomination is useful in areas where publication is restricted or considered less important. Further development of the technique is planed.

? Mcginnety, J.A. (1988), The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC): Recent experiences with quantitative science policy studies. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 283-293.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 283.pdf

Abstract: NERC is exploring methods by which its management of research and science audit might be improved. Quantitative output indicators have been used to provide information for science audit at the levels of individuals and laboratories. Scientists in eleven laboratories described their research activities over five years and provided output indicators, including publications in the refereed and general literature. Citation counts and influence profiles were then prepared. The paper describes some comparisons between laboratories in similar areas of science made by relating these outputs to inputs (staff and money). The productivity distribution in terms of publications and citations of the individuals within a laboratory community is also derived.

? King, J. (1988), The use of bibliometric techniques for institutional research evaluation: A study of avian virology research. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 295-313.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 295.pdf

Abstract: A bibliometric analysis was made of an area of veterinary research, avian virology, in the context of seeking quantitiative indicators to assist research evaluation for the UK Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC). In one approach, a list was made of world publications in avian virology using the CAB database which is the most appropriate literature source in terms of subject specificity and breadth of coverage. Means were sought to minimise the labour input required for citation studies of this kind, results based on peak-year citations only were similar to those from the more widely used four-year count, in terms of country-ranking and time trends. In the second method, the publication outputs of several avian virology research groups were assessed in terms of ‘expected’ citations i.e. the average number of citations per paper received by the journals in which the groups published, as compared to the actual citations received. The rankings of the groups were the same in both methods. This second approach, while giving only approximate citation rates, has the advantage of requiring only in-house data. It seems more appropriate for the ex-post evaluation of the output of research groups in the context of agricultural and food research, and it is suggested that further studies on journal-based indicators are warranted.

Keywords: Science

? Porteous, M. (1988), The role and development of quantitative indicators for research and technology policy making: Some experience from the department of trade and industry. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 315-327.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 315.pdf

Abstract: This article discusses quantitative S&T indicators from the perspeetive of their usefulness in bringing longer term considerations into policy making. A number of areas of current and future work by the Longer Term Studies Group of the Department of Trade and Industry are presented as illustrative cases. The main concern of the article, however, is to outline some of the main decisions facing S&T policy making, thereby setting the context for the development and use of quantitative indicators. It is suggested that the approach of considering longer term trends and developments in the context of present-day policy issues may well open new opportunities for the development of quantitative indicators. Above all a pragmatic approach is required, weighing up the value of an indicator with other sources of information in considering their relevance to the practical problems of policy making.

? Pavitt, K. (1988), The size and structure of British technology activities: What we do and do not know. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 329-346.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 329.pdf

Abstract: As a result of official, private and university initiatives, indicators of British technological activity have improved considerably over the past 30 years. They reveat strong similarities to other Western, industriahsed countries in the type of activity performed, in its relative concentration within business firms, and in its distribution amongst sectors and firms of different sizes. They also reveal a relatively low level and rate of growth of technological activities, with relative strength in aerospace and chemicals, and decline and weakness in electronics. These patterns result in large part from decisions about technology strategy taken by not much more than a handful of large firms.

? Moravcsik, M.J. (1988), Scientometric indicators: A 32-country comparative-evaluation of publishing performance and citation impact - Braun, T, Glänzel, W, Schubert, A. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 347-348.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 347.pdf

? Moravcsik, M.J. (1988), Scientific-research in Israel - Greenwald, N, Herskovic, S. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 348-349.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 348.pdf

Keywords: Israel

? Moravcsik, M.J. (1988), Research workers in developing-countries: Origins, formation and research practices - French - Gaillard, J. Scientometrics, 14 (3-4), 349-350.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 349.pdf

? Vanraan, A.F.J. (1988), Comments on small, Henry, recipient of the 1987 Price, Derek, Desolla Award. Scientometrics, 14 (5-6), 361-363.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 361.pdf

? Braun, T., Glänzel, W. and Schubert, A. (1988), The newest version of the facts and figures on publication output and relative citation impact in physics, engineering and mathematics 1981-1985. Scientometrics, 14 (5-6), 365-382.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 365.pdf

? Nagpaul, P.S. and Krishnaiah, V.S.R. (1988), Dimensions of research planning: Comparative-study of research units in six countries. Scientometrics, 14 (5-6), 383-410.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 383.pdf

Abstract: This paper seeks to examine the characteristics and quality of research planning at the level of microcosm of the research unit in six countries -Argentina, Egypt, India, Republic of Korea, Poland and USSR. It is concerned basically with the following aspects: (i) differences in the characteristics and quality of research planning in research units in different countries and institutional settings, (II)pattern ofrelationshipsbetween the indices of planning and tbxee measures of effectiveness - scientific, user-oriented and administrative, and (iii) stability in the pattern of relationships across countries and measures of performance. As a result of analysis, a few universal indices have been identified that have consistent relationships across countries. It is concluded that the determinants of effectiveness of research pianning depend upon the criteria used for measuring the performance of the research unit. Besides specificity of research goals, the most important predictors of performance are: conceptual challenge of the research programme and external linkages of the research group- linkages with scientific peers and potential users of research results.

? Hohenester, A., Mathelitsch, L. and Moravcsik, M.J. (1988), The usage of ‘theory’ and ‘model’ in scientific conceptualization. Scientometrics, 14 (5-6), 411-420.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 411.pdf

Abstract: This paper seeks to examine the characteristics and quality of research planning at the level of microcosm of the research unit in six countries -Argentina, Egypt, India, Republic of Korea, Poland and USSR. It is concerned basically with the following aspects: (i) differences in the characteristics and quality of research planning in research units in different countries and institutional settings, (II)pattern ofrelationshipsbetween the indices of planning and tbxee measures of effectiveness - scientific, user-oriented and administrative, and (iii) stability in the pattern of relationships across countries and measures of performance. As a result of analysis, a few universal indices have been identified that have consistent relationships across countries. It is concluded that the determinants of effectiveness of research pianning depend upon the criteria used for measuring the performance of the research unit. Besides specificity of research goals, the most important predictors of performance are: conceptual challenge of the research programme and external linkages of the research group- linkages with scientific peers and potential users of research results.

Ajiferuke, I., Burell, Q. and Tague, J. (1988), Collaborative coefficient: A single measure of the degree of collaboration in research. Scientometrics, 14 (5-6), 421-433.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 421.pdf

Abstract: It is shown that the mean number of authors per paper or the proportion of the multiple-anthured papers is inadequate as a measure of the degree of collaboration in a discipline. A measure which combines some of the merits of both measures is suggested and derived. This measure, called the Collaborative Coefficient, is derived for four commonly used probability distributions.

? Nasierowski, W. (1988), The essence and dilemmas of measurement in the sciences of organization. Scientometrics, 14 (5-6), 435-452.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 435.pdf

Abstract: This paper will discuss the problems of measurement in the theory of organization. The development of methods of measuring is shown to be a condition for progress to this theory. The basic components of measurement are discussed. Main shortcomings involved in the concepts of measurement of features of organization are presented. Their sources and the consequences of their existence for solving organizational problems, are demonstrated. Suggestion for elaborations regarding the elimination of drawbacks will be presented.

? Vinkler, P. (1988), Bibliometric features of some scientific subfields and the scientometric consequences therefrom. Scientometrics, 14 (5-6), 453-474.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 453.pdf

Abstract: In the present work an attempt is made to select journal bases for some subfields in chemistry. Through the modification of the Hirst’s discipline impact factor concept, the primary information base for the selected subfields is determined. Relating impact factors of citing and cited journals, citation strategy indicators are suggefted. Determination of the mean impact factors for subfields enables the introduction of sub fields factors that bring the impact factors of journals of various subfields on a cotrrparable level.

? Nederhof, A.J. (1988), Changes in publication patterns of biotechnologists: An evaluation of the impact of government stimulation programs in six industrial nations. Scientometrics, 14 (5-6), 475-485.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 475.pdf

Abstract: The effects of a government stimulation program on the development of Dutch biotechnology have been studied scientometrically in comparison with world-wide averages, and with the effects of programs of five important large Western industrial nations, in the period 1976-1985. In two priority fields of the Dutch programme, fermentation and bio-industrial chemistry, and biochemical genetics, publication rates were below world average before 1980-1981, but reached levels figrtificanfly above world average in 1984-1985. Both in 1980 and 1984, Dutch articles were characterized by a relatively high abort-term impact. In 1984, the impact of Dutch articles was slightly above the 1980 level. When publications were counted in a core set of 19 bioteehnology relevant journals, the share of Dutch biotechnologist: did not change between 1979-1982 and 1983-1986, while Canada, Japan, France, and, to some extent, the UK, improved their positions, but the Federal Republic of Germany lost some ground.

? Kryzhanovsky, L.N. (1988), An application of bibliometrics to the history of electricity. Scientometrics, 14 (5-6), 487-492.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 487.pdf

Abstract: A bibliometric analysis is performed on the articles$ on or relating to electricity that appeared in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London from their commencement, in 1665, to the year 1800. The views of eminent scientists of the 18^th century of the scientific ndvance, state of the art and prospects in electricity axe given and commented. Agreemaent between the bibliometric data and scientists’ views is ascertained.

Keywords: Bibliometrics

? Egghe, L. and Rousseau, R. (1988), Reflections on a deflection: A note on different causes of the groos droop. Scientometrics, 14 (5-6), 493-511.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 493.pdf

Abstract: In this paper different aspects that cause the so-called Groos droop, are investigated. We start from pure Bradfordian data (i.e. without a Groos droop) and discuss what actions can cause a deflection on the Bradford-Leimkuhlet curve. It is, of course, well-known, that incompleteness of. the data is one aspect, but we show that taking unions of pure Bradfordian bibliographies can also yield a bibliography with a Groos droop. As such, a Groos droop earl always be expected in interdisciplinary bibliographies.

In this way we suggest an explanation for the experimental differences between the micro- and macro-curves obtained by Bonitz and Schmidt (Scientometrics, 4 (1982) 283.). In conclusion we may say that the Groos droop can be explained thxough Bradford’s law and hence that they do not contradict each other.

? Schubert, A. (1988), Quantitative studies of science: A current bibliography. No. 12. Scientometrics, 14 (5-6), 513-520.

Full Text: 1988\Scientometrics14, 513.pdf

? Granovsky, Y.V. (1989), Nalimov, V.V. recipient of the 1987 Price, Derek, Desolla Award - Comment. Scientometrics, 15 (1-2), 7-12.

Full Text: 1989\Scientometrics15, 7.pdf

? Braun, T., Glänzel, W. and Schubert, A. (1989), The newest version of the facts and figures on publication output and relative citation impact: A collection of relational charts, 1981-1985. Scientometrics, 15 (1-2), 13-20.

Full Text: 1989\Scientometrics15, 13.pdf

? Dobrov, G. and Skofenko, A. (1989), Fuzzy expertise and its application to research and development management. Scientometrics, 15 (1-2), 21-31.

Full Text: 1989\Scientometrics15, 21.pdf

Abstract: Applications of fuzzy set theory to various problems of data processing influenced greatly the analysis of expert opinion results. The authors developed models based on the fuzzy set concept for expert assessments using quantitative and qualitative scales typical in R & D management. The approach is illustrated by the solution of the problem of ranking of the factors influencing practical applications of research results.

? Granovsky, Yu.V. (1989), Scientometrics theory of experiment and optimization of research. Scientometrics, 15 (1-2), 33-43.

Full Text: 1989\Scientometrics15, 33.pdf

Abstract: An approach to optimization of research based on the theory of experiment and scientometrics is proposed. Research is treated as an experiment aimed at attainment of optimal conditions. The following successive phases of optimization have been singled out: selection of optimisation parameters and factors, carrying out the experiment, and processing and interpreting the results obtained. Methods of multidimensional classification and screening are recommended for selection of optimization parameters and factors. Evolutionary operation representations are used at the optimization stage. Problems of optimization research should be tackled in centres of scientific information where data on advances made in various scientific fields are accumulated.

Keywords: Scientometrics

? Haitun, S.D. (1989), Science studies and natural-sciences: Which is primary, distribution or interdependence between variables. Scientometrics,