Personal Research Database

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 239.pdf

Abstract: Two separate studies have looked at the question of whether or not the sources cited by scientists when they publish in their own national journals differ somewhat from the sources they cite when they publish outside their own country. Data derived from studies of Philippine scientists and Korean mathematicians do suggest that place of publication may exert some influence on citation behavior. In particular, a scientist is more likely to cite national sources when publishing in a national journal than when publishing internationally.

? Konrad, N. and Wahl, D. (1990), Science, technology and development indicators for third-world countries - Possibilities for analysis and grouping. Scientometrics, 19 (3-4), 245-270.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 245.pdf

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to make a distinction between (a) a society’s ability to generate a scientific and technological potential (generativity), (b) the potential itself and (c) the country’s capacity to absorb or receive scientific and technological research results (respectivity). These three complexes are represented by joint indicators covering both levels and structures. A comparison of 30 developing countries (DC) shows, inter alia, that: (a) the polarisation in economic development of the countries considered confirms the view that the future of national development is linked to the scientific and technological potential, (b) joint indicators can interpret better than a comparison of pairs of single indicators, (c) countries with comparable levels of the three capacities (generativity, R & D potential and receptivity) differ mostly in the structures. These structures seem to determine the differences in the use of the capacities, (d) the level of R & D potential is related more closely to the country’s ability to absorb scientific and technological results than with its resources for building up this potential.

? Leydesdorff, L. (1990), Relations among science indicators or more generally among anything one might wish to count about texts. II. The dynamics of science. Scientometrics, 19 (3-4), 271-296.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 271.pdf

Abstract: In a previous paper a static model for the relations among science indicators was discussed. 1 From the perspective of science dynamics, we are interested not in relations among variables or indicators, but in the prediction of an event, given comparable events about which we already have knowledge. The quality of the prediction can be measured by the expected information value I of the message, which converts the a priori probabilities of the events stored in the knowledge base into the a posteriori probabilities of the event. 2 The possibility of predicting in terms of specified variables with hindsight, gives a quantitative measure for testing hypotheses concerning the reconstruction of scientific developments. Some implications for the construction of artificial intelligence using textual archives as a knowledge base will be discussed.

? Leydesdorff, L. (1990), The prediction of science indicators using information-theory. Scientometrics, 19 (3-4), 297-324.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 297.pdf

Abstract: The study discusses the application of various forms of time series analysis to national performance data for EEC countries and the US. First, it is shown that at the aggregated level, a straightforward relation exists between output and input, which varies with time. Various analytical techniques to account for the time factor are discussed. By using information theory, a simple formula can be derived which gives the best prediction for the following year’s data. Subsequently, this model is extended to multivariate forecasting of distributions, Additionally, it can be shown by using this method that in terms of percentage of world share of publications the hypothesis that the EEC develops as a single publication system has to be rejected. However, when co-authorship relations among EEC member countries are used as an indicator, the predominance of a system is suggested.

? Rousseau, R. (1990), Informetrics 87 88 - Egghe, L, Rousseau, R. Scientometrics, 19 (3-4), 325-326.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 325.pdf

? Daniel, H.D. (1990), Introduction: Quantitative science and technology indicators studies in the Federal Republic of Germany. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 327-329.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 327.pdf

? Fichtner, D. (1990), Competition in the university system of the Federal Republic of Germany. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 331-335

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 331.pdf

Abstract: Although the university system in the FRG is largely regulated by the state, the freedom of research, teaching and study guaranteed by the constitution leaves room for competition between the universities. In research, there is competition with institutions outside the universities and with the research departments of large companies. There is also severe competition for the research funds provided by the Federal Government, the Deutsche Forschungsgerneinschaft and German trade and industry. In teaching, research projects are being carried out in order to develop criteria for the measurement of performance. This, together with a system of reporting, will facilitate comparisons and thus encourage competition. The BMBW has contributed to these processes in teaching and research by funding projects on the development of performance criteria and by preparing legislative measures designed to promote competition.

Alewell, K. (1990), Criteria for performance profiles of departments and universities. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 337-347

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 337.pdf

Abstract: In this paper a proposal is presented on how to meet the increasing demands of the public in Germany for qualified and comparable information about the performance of German universities. Instead of a one-dimensional quantifying ranking-system, a report-system for departments and the university as a whole is presented which contains a list of qualifying statements and comments which are necessary in order to render the quantitative data and ratios comprehensible.

? Daniel, H.D. and Fisch, R. (1990), Research performance evaluation in the German university sector. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 349-361.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 349.pdf

? Giese, E. (1990), Rankings of universities in the FRG. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 363-375.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 363.pdf

Abstract: The following article examines whether an aggregate comparison (i.e. without discriminating by subject) of university performance in the FRG resulting in a ranking of universities is feasible. First, methods of efficiency measurement are reviewed and possible indicators discussed. In the next part, five indicators are extracted for empirical analysis from a catalogue of ten indicators. Even these have to be used carefully. The last chapter presents results of the analysis. In short, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Of the five indicators, none represents a single comprehensive measure of research performance. 2. An aggregate measurement of university research performance, if feasible at all, has to be carried out separately for institutes of technology, universities and comprehensive institutions. 3. Even then, a number of serious statistical problems arise in regard to the methods subsequently applied.

? Rau, E. and Hummel, T. (1990), Rankings of economics departments in the Federal Republic of Germany. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 377-384.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 377.pdf

Abstract: The first part of the paper gives a brief account of studies on research productivity in economics departments in the Federal Republic of Germany which were published mainly in the second half of the 1980s. In the second part the results of a recent study on rankings of economics departments at universities in the FRG are presented. The paper claims that ranking studies should include a large variety of performance indicators (quantitative and qualitative) and should always take into account the content and context of research productivity.

? Backesgellner, U. and Sadowski, D. (1990), Organizational implementation of bibliometric indicators. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 385-395.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 385.pdf

Abstract: The article deals with the various problems of an implementation of publicatior~ indicators on a departmental level in West-German universities. The German university system relies mostly on social and informal control rneehanisms. Bibliometric indicators can provide adequate information for an effective social control in such a system. However, they will only be accepted and effective if they are valid, thoroughly reliable and robust. A successful adaptation of individual goals and behaviour depends largely on the particular interests and incentives of the faculty members across various departmental arrangements.

? Baumert, J., Naumann, J. and Roeder, P.M. (1990), Reputation - A hard-currency medium of interchange - A structural equation approach. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 397-408.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 397.pdf

Abstract: Within the theoretical framework of reputation as a social medium of interchange in the system of higher education this study analyses the institutional stratification of university departments in the field of economics and business administration. In contrast to the still prevailing normative idea of basic equality between academic institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany the empirical results indicate a stable hierarchy of reputation, very similar to the stratification pattern typical of the US American university system. Structural equation models show that the institutional hierarchy can be predicted with considerable accuracy with indicators of scientific activity and impact and structural characteristics of departments and universities. The analyses show both the performance-based validity of institutional reputation and the bias in access to the competitive academic markets due to structural differences of the universities and departments.

? Finkenstaedt, T. (1990), Measuring research performance in the humanities. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 409-417.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 409.pdf

Abstract: The article starts from the specific difficulties of applying quantitative analysis to the humanities and the general resistance to such analysis in the Federal Republic of Germany. It gives a survey of the attempts to apply bibliometric methods in English Studies, the only subject investigated so far. The highly individual nature of research in the humanities is stressed and differences in subfields are illustrated. There is little influence of departmental size or age on the publication behaviour of individuals. More studies of citation behavior are needed for a reliable evaluation of the impact of research in the humanities.

? Hartmann, I. and Neidhardt, F. (1990), Peer-review at the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 419-425.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 419.pdf

Abstract: Results of a study designed to investigate the peer review system at the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaj2 are presented. 242 applications for grants and 639 corresponding reviews were analysed to explore criteria actually used by peers in assessing the quality of proposals. The findings show a wide range of criteria used, an uneven distribution of positive and negative evaluation along these criteria, high inter-referee agreement and different degrees of impact of the evaluations on the overall recommendation.

? Block, H.J. and Krull, W. (1990), What are the consequences? Reflections on the impact of evaluations conducted by a science policy advisory body. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 427-437.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 427.pdf

Abstract: This article briefly presents some of the Vftssenschaftsrat’s recent activities which were (and are) particularly designed to exert an influence on the structural development of German universities, Fachhochschulen and research institutes: Evaluations of research institutes, recommendations on structural changes in the higher education system, and statistics concerning the age structure of professors and the employment prospects for young academics. The focal point will be the question: What has been the impact of the reports and recommendations on higher education and research policies?

? Schlieroosen, F. (1990), Quantitative indicators for Federal Government research and technology policy. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 439-445.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 439.pdf

Abstract: Five years ago the BMFT implemented a strategy to improve the knowledge of the output aspect of the German R&D system. The inherent objective is to help establish science policy research as an academic discipline and scientometries as one of its methodologies. First results and possible future trends are discussed with respect to the use of scientometrics for policy making.

? Grupp, H. (1990), On the supplementary functions of science and technology indicators - The case of West German telecommunications research and development. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 447-472.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 447.pdf

Abstract: Starting from a simple phase model for scientific and technological progress the supplementary functions of various science and technology indicators are discussed. In particular, patent and literature indicators in the field of telecommunications R&D in West Germany are presented and compared. In addition, a few selected technometric, R&D expenditure, and trade data are included for the sake of completeness. This network of science and technology indicators is employed to analyse the institutional set-up and the trends in telecommunications R&D on the macro-level (national level) as well as for single R&D actors (institutional or micro-level). Further, the role of academic and other public R&D in West Germany, including the regional distribution of activities and the specialization with respect to telecommunication subfields, are assessed. It is concluded that the various science and technology indicators - at least in the case of West German telecommunications - supplement each other. Synergisms between indicators do exist and should be explored better in future work. The case of telecommunications is ideal for such an exploratory assessment as it includes basic and applied research as well as strong industrial development activities.

? Faust, K. (1990), Early identification of technological advances on the basis of patent data. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 473-480.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 473.pdf

Abstract: The publication of patent applications by the patent offices is the first information available about new technologies. But patent statistics are often distorted due to the exceedingly great number of domestic applications filed in Japan and the delayed publication of patent applications filed in the USA. These distortions can be eliminated to a great extent if only those patent applications are considered for which external applications are also included. Patent indicators allow for a differentiated observation of technological advances before the actual emergence of an innovation. Recent developments in superconductivity provide an example.

? Weingart, P., Sehringer, R. and Winterhager, M. (1990), Which reality do we measure? Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 481-493.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 481.pdf

Abstract: Scientific reality is a multi-sided phenomenon which cannot be described in a single and authoritative way. The descriptions of scientific research areas differ if one compares the definitions of science policy programmes with expert judgments in the peer-review process. Bibliometric measurements function as an intermediate representation of science. To make them useful and compatible with other representations they have to be translated. The difficulties of mutual translation of these different delineations of scientific research areas are demonstrated in two case studies (marine sciences and multiple sclerosis research) where each of these three different representations of science is supported by empirical results.

? Pfetsch, F.R. (1990), The measurement of a country scientific and technological potential. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 495-504.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 495.pdf

Abstract: The paper suggests a formula for the measurement of the national science and technology potential. This is based on a decision-making framework for the development of indicators for the S&T system.

? Spiegel, H.R. (1990), Initiatives for the promotion of science of science: The Stifterverband fur die Deutsche Wissenschaft. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 505-512.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 505.pdf

Abstract: As the joint initiative of German trade and industry for the promotion of science, the Stiflerverband is interested in an efficient and transparent system of science and its promotion. This requires knowledge and insights which are provided by scientific research. Hence, research in the field of science of science is always, implicitly or explicitly, the object of the promotional endeavours of the Stiflerverband.

? Braun, T. and Glänzel, W. (1990), United Germany: the New Scientific Superpower? Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 513-521.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 513.pdf

Abstract: As a consequence of the dramatic upheaval in East-Europe the German reunification has become one of the central problems of nowadays. Several relevant publications have more or less cautiously forecasted the rise of a new superpower in the midst of Europe. The present study attempts to shed light on some quantitative aspects of the research performance in both parts of Germany. Selected citation based indicators are used to determine the initial position and future of the United Germany in scientific research. Though the reunification involves an essential increase of the “scientific potential”, the actual indicator values exhort to rather cautious expectations concerning the immediate intensification of research performance.

Keywords: Germany

? Glänzel, W. (1990), Measurement and support of research performance - German - Fisch, R, Daniel, HD. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 523-524.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 523.pdf

? Glänzel, W. (1990), Research evaluation - German - Daniel, HD, Fisch, R. Scientometrics, 19 (5-6), 523-524.

Full Text: 1990\Scientometrics19, 523.pdf

? Braun, T. (1991), Foreword to the Moravcsik, Michael Memorial Issue. Scientometrics, 20 (1), 3-7.

Full Text: 1991\Scientometrics20, 3.pdf

? Braun, T. and Schubert, A. (1991), The landscape of national performances in the sciences, 1981-1985. Scientometrics, 20 (1), 9-17.

Full Text: 1991\Scientometrics20, 9.pdf

Abstract: Publication and citation indicators of 26 countries in 5 major science fields are presented in the form of three-dimensional “landscapes”. These “landscapes” being an extension of relational charts by adding the dimension of publication size to the expected and observed citation rates, take us one step closer to the ideal of multidimensional assessments so passionately advocated by Moravcsik.

Keywords: Citation, Indicators, Publication, Science, Size, Technology

? Garfield, E. and Small, H. (1991), Michael J. Moravcsik: Multidimensional scholar and hero of third world science. Scientometrics, 20 (1), 19-24.

Full Text: 1991\Scientometrics20, 19.pdf

Keywords: Citations, Countries, Crisis, Methodology, Particle Physics, Quality, Technology

? Snizek, W.E., Oehler, K. and Mullins, N.C. (1991), Textual and nontextual characteristics of scientific papers - neglected science indicators. Scientometrics, 20 (1), 25-35.

Full Text: 1991\Scientometrics20, 25.pdf

Abstract: The citation rates of scientific papers, long used by numerous sociologists of science to measure the influence of individual scientists and the diffusion of knowledge, are shown to be partly affected by the various structural characteristics of these papers. Based on an analysis of 221 scientific papers in three cocitation clusters, between 15 and 35 percent of the variation in citation rates is found to be a function of those papers’ textual and nontextual characteristics. The citation rates of papers in the Burkitts-Lymphoma and Heavy Quark Potential clusters are shown to be heavily dependent on abstract characteristics such as readability and number of uncommon words. The citation rates of DNA cluster papers are observed to be significantly affected by both the number of references and figures found in the body of those papers. Of particular note is the fact that while the readability of abstracts is shown to decrease the citation rates of Burkitts-Lymphoma papers, the opposite is true of Heavy Quark Potential papers.

Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Cocitation, Diffusion, DNA, Function, Information, Knowledge, Papers, Physics, Science

Beck, M.T. and Gáspár, V. (1991), Scientometric evaluation of the scientific performance at the faculty of natural sciences, Kossuth Lajos University, Debrecen, Hungary. Scientometrics, 20 (1), 37-54.

Full Text: 1991\Scientometrics20, 37.pdf

Abstract: The standard of research at different departments of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Kossuth Lajos University has been assessed by a scientometric evaluation of the publication activities of the departments. The essence of our approach is the consideration of the number and quality of the papers published. For a measure of this quality we regarded the impact factor of the journal, in which a paper was published. The rather different range of the impact factors of different fields were taken into account during the evaluation. As a whole, no considerable difference was found between the publication activity (impact per number of researchers) of the research institutes of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the corresponding departments of our Faculty, although, significant differences occur in certain fields. Based on this study, changes in the publication strategies of the different departments were recommended.

Keywords: Changes, Evaluation, Hungary, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Journal, Papers, Publication, Publication Activity, Quality, Research, Scientometric, Standard

Abdullah, S.B. and Lancaster, F.W. (1991), The contribution of scientists to the popular literature, their role as expert witnesses, and their influence on their peers: A case study in the field of acid rain. Scientometrics, 20 (1), 55-64.

Full Text: 1991\Scientometrics20, 55.pdf

Abstract: Using the field of acid rain research as a case study, it was found that scientists who contribute to the popular literature are more likely than others to be called on to give Congressional testimony (and vice versa) and that the work of these same scientists is well recognized by their peers as judged by rates of citation. Indeed, scientists who contribute to the popular literature are more highly cited than those who do not whether or not they are called upon for expert testimony. Since those who give testimony are more highly cited than those who do not, some evidence also exists that scientists called before Congressional hearings are among those most influential in the science community.

Keywords: Case Study, Citation, Community, Evidence, Expert Testimony, Literature, Research, Science, Testimony, Work

? Nalimov, V.V. (1991), Meeting the Xxith century. Scientometrics,