Personal Research Database

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 137.pdf

Abstract: Collaborative research in Spain in the field of pharmacology is studied. Co-authored papers in periodicals were one of the indicators used to quantify collaborative research results. Through Spanish publications of pharmacologists, collaborations between different institutions in the same city are mostly detected. Through foreign papers quite different networks were found, both amongst Spanish cities and with institutions in other countries. In case of Spanish pharmaceutical industry questionnaires were used to determine their links with other institutions, mostly through research projects.

Keywords: Collaborative Research, Indicators, Institutions, Papers, Periodicals, Pharmaceutical Industry, Publications, Questionnaires, Research, Spain

? Ferreiro, L. and Ugena, S. (1992), Citation mechanics in journals covered by the journal citation reports. Scientometrics, 24 (1), 149-162.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 149.pdf

Abstract: Citations from 1980 to 1988, obtained from fifty biomedical journals covered by the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) are studied. In purely numerical terms, the evolution of each citation (journal citation), including its impact factor (IF), would depend essentially on three variables for each journal: (i) the yearly rate of increase of items that could be cited (citable items), (II) the relative yearly increment of the citing journals, (iii) the relative yearly increment of citations. The mechanics of this give rise to the three standard patterns for journal citations, namely. (i) annual impact factor’s increase each year (ascending evolution), (II) annual impact factors remain the same each year (constant evolution), (iii) annual impact factors decrease each year (descending evolution). The reason why some journal citation profiles do not fit into the standard patterns is presumably that forces are at work able to alter the numerical mechanics described. The concepts of saturation/unsaturation of the demand for scientific information are introduced, showing how they are reflected in the impact factor figures for the journals cited.

Keywords: Biomedical, Biomedical Journals, Citation, Citations, Demand, Evolution, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Indicators, Information, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journal Citations, Journals, Scientific Information, Standard, Work

Notes: TTopic

Bordons, M., García-Jover, F. and Barrigon, S. (1992), Bibliometric analysis of publications of Spanish pharmacologists in the SCI (1984-89). 1. Contribution to the pharmacology and pharmacy subfield (ISI). Scientometrics, 24 (1), 163-177.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 163.pdf

Abstract: The present study is a bibliometric analysis of publications of Spanish pharmacologists, referenced in the journals of the Pharmacology & Pharmacy subfield of the Science Citation Index- CD Edition from 1984 to 1989. During this time the scientific output of Spanish pharmacologists has been growing at an impressive rate being almost doubled. This rate being notably greater than that corresponding to publications of Spain in all science fields. This increase in scientific output was accompanied by a time-dependent decrease on year by year step basis in the expected impact factor (EIF) of publications (Articles plus Notes), from 1.71 in 1984 to 1.28 in 1989, in close correlation with an increase of mean number of authors per paper, from 3.67 to 4.16 authors/paper, respectively. Moreover, the larger the number of authors/paper, the smaller the EIF. Only 8 journals cumulated more than 50% of the papers. The scientific production was geographically localized at a high extent (Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia accounted for the 63.7% of all the papers) in governmental institutions (University, 75.2%, Hospitals, 14.1%, CSIC, 10.5%) with one large geographical area lacking any productivity.

Keywords: Analysis, Basic Science, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, CD, Impact Factor, Institutions, Journals, Papers, Publications, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientific Output, Scientific Production, Spain

? Pao, M.L. (1992), Correction. Scientometrics, 24 (1), 179.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 179.pdf

? Braun, T., Gomez, I., Mendez, A. and Schubert, A. (1992), International coauthorship patterns in physics and its subfields, 1981-1985. Scientometrics, 24 (2), 181-200

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 181.pdf

Keywords: Scientific Collaboration

? Rousseau, R. and Zhang, Q.Q. (1992), Zipf data on the frequency of Chinese words revisited. Scientometrics, 24 (2), 201-220.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 201.pdf

Abstract: At the occasion of the 40th anniversary of George Zipf’s premature dead, we reanalyse his data on the frequency of Chinese words. We find the best fitting Lotka, Zipf, Bradford and Leimkuhler distribution and show that only Lotka’s function is not rejected by a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Using an additional term to Leimkuhler’s function leads to a statistically acceptable fit. In this way we can determine a core (nucleus) of most frequently used Chinese words.

Keywords: Chinese, Function, Law, Lotka, Zipf

? Haitun, S.D. (1992), The problem of indicator-latent relationship in metric models. 2. metric models with a priori latent assignment. Scientometrics, 24 (2), 221-235.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 221.pdf

Abstract: Metric models in which indicator distribution and a priori assigned latent distributions coincide in form are developed.

Keywords: Indicator, Models, Non-Additivity, Quantitative-Analysis, Scientific Activities, Stationary Scientometric Distributions

? Hall, D.H. (1992), The science-industry interface - Correlation of time-series of indicators and their spectra, and growth-models in the nuclear-fuels industry. Scientometrics, 24 (2), 237-280.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 237.pdf

Abstract: This paper is the third in a series on the flows of influence at the interface between geoscience research and the exploration for and mining of nuclear fuels. It deals with the application of signal processing methods to research and industry indicators, with emphasis on time and frequency domain correlations and lap, and on growth modelling of the indicators using the special and general logistic models. The findings include the following: there was a strong interchange across the science-industry interface, quantitative methods. can establish the degree of correlation and the time periods in which these correlations mainly reside, also the timing of decisions to initiate exploration and research can be specified in this cue. A strategy of applying quantitative methods, history of science, and periodic analyses of the state of the industry to studies of science policy is suggested by this research.

Keywords: Correlations, Geoscience, Growth, History, History of Science, Indicators, Methods, Mining, Modelling, Models, Policy, Quantitative Methods, Research, Science, Science Policy

? Lemoine, W. (1992), Productivity patterns of men and women scientists in Venezuela. Scientometrics, 24 (2), 281-295.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 281.pdf

Abstract: This paper examines the applicability of Lotka’s formulation as a general inverse power (alpha not-equal 2) and as an inverse square power relationship (alpha = 2) to the distribution of the scientific output in Venezuela. The analysis takes into consideration the sex of the authors and the type of journal, mainstream or national, in which they publish their articles. The data were taken from the last census of scientist. and technologists carried out in 1983 by the Venezuelan government. A K-S and a t-test were applied to measure the degree of agreement between the distribution of the observed set of data against the inverse general power relationship (the former test) and the theoretical value of alpha = 2 (the latter). It was found that a general inverse power relationship only describes the productivity pattern of those Venezuelan women scientists who publish in foreign journals. An inverse square power relationship characterizes the distribution pattern for the data set of female authors in all journals and for scientists of both sexes whose contributions appeared in national journals. The values of alpha suggest that women am less productive than men except in national journals, and Lotka’s formulation seems to be useful as an indicator of inequality in male/female scientific productivity.

Keywords: Analysis, Female, Indicator, Inequality, Inverse Power, Journal, Journals, Lotkas Law, Men, Nigeria, Scientific Output, Sex, Women

? Luukkonen, T. (1992), Is scientists publishing behavior reward-seeking. Scientometrics, 24 (2), 297-319.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 297.pdf

Abstract: The use of bibliometric indicators in research evaluation makes many hidden assumptions about scientists’ publishing habits. This paper tests an assumption that scientists am reward oriented and attempt to publish in as prestigious channels as possible, seeking an optimal level in the hierarchy of publications. The data am based on interviews with teaching and research personnel in four university departments in the fields of zoology, biomedicine, and automation and control technology. The author concludes that in all studied fields scientists placed equal emphasis on the reward and communication functions of publishing. The actual publishing behaviour of biomedical scientists, nevertheless, accorded best with the assumption of seeking an optimal level of publishing in terms of prestige. By contrast, in zoology and technical fields, local and field-related publishing habits appeared strong.

Keywords: Assumptions, Automation, Behaviour, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Biomedical, Biomedicine, Communication, Evaluation, Functions, Indicators, Interviews, Personnel, Publications, Publishing, Research, Research Evaluation, Teaching, Technology, University

? Leydesdorff, L. (1992), Irreversibilities in science and technology networks - An empirical and analytical approach. Scientometrics, 24 (2), 321-357.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 321.pdf

Abstract: The theory of autopoiesis, i.e., self-referentiality in the operation of the system, provides us with a production rule for change in the structure of the network. Using information theory, a model system is developed to study the relative likelihood of “dynamic” transitions: various senses of ‘irreversibility” (“emergence”, and “path dependency) are distinguished. A test for “path dependency” is applied to two sets of empirical data which supposedly reflect historical discontinuities: the budget of the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, and the citation network among AIDS research related journals. The model for the interaction between self-referential developments and goal-referential boundary conditions is further specified, using the example of technological trajectories and selection environments.

Keywords: AID, AIDS, Budget, Citation, Citation Network, Count, Dependency, Indicators, Information, Interaction, Journals, Model, Network, One Might Wish, Research, Structure, Texts, Theory

? Garrison, H.H., Herman, S.S. and Lipton, J.A. (1992), Measuring characteristics of scientific-research - A comparison of bibliographic and survey data. Scientometrics, 24 (2), 359-370.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 359.pdf

Abstract: Three characteristics of scientific research (subject matter, researchers’ institutional sectors, and funding sources) were compared using bibliographic and survey data from a study of restorative dental materials research. Both types of data yielded similar findings on the distribution of research across subject areas and the distribution of researchers in government, university and industry sectors. Findings on the sources of research funding, however, were dissimilar and university research support appeared underreported in the bibliographic data. In general, data on publications (from bibliographic files or surveys) yielded lower estimates of industrial participation in research than data pertaining to projects.

Keywords: Estimates, Productivity, Publications, Research, Research Funding, Research Support, Scientific Research, Survey, University

? Martin, B.R. (1992), Big history for big science - Critical-review of history of CERN - Hermann, A, Krige, J, Mersits, U, Pestre, D. Scientometrics, 24 (2), 371

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 371.pdf

? Narvaezberthelemot, N., Frigoletto, L.P. and Miquel, J.F. (1992), International scientific collaboration in Latin-America. Scientometrics, 24 (3), 373-392.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 373.pdf

Abstract: This study attempts to analyse the usability of international databases such as the Science Citation Index (SCI) for the observation of the international collaboration in lesser-developed countries. We have examined the adequacy of this data source (the SCI) in perceiving the international scientific activities of nine Latin American countries. We have studied the relationships of these countries with their main foreign partners in the large fields of science. It has been observed that some of these relationships are not covered by the data source under study. The creation of an information system storing complementary data suited for the identification of existing international collaborative projects is recommended. In the long-range future such a system would provide more appropriate information for the analyses of international collaboration.

Keywords: Collaboration, Complementary, Identification, Information, International, Latin America, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Usability

Notes: UUniversity

Nederhof, A.J. and Noyons, E.C.M. (1992), Assessment of the international standing of university departments’ research: A comparison of bibliometric methods. Scientometrics, 24 (3), 393-404.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 393.pdf

Abstract: Several bibliometric methods of assessing the research performance of departments are examined: intranational comparison of departments, comparison with foreign departments of good standing, and comparison with a bibliometric world average. In the study, two Dutch experimental psychology departments were compared with one good US and one outstanding UK department. The better of the Dutch departments performed below both foreign departments. However, using the method involving Journal Citation Scores, it was shown that this Dutch department scored above world average recently, while the other department consistently scored below world average. The best picture is obtained when both methods are combined, which shows that the better Dutch department is ranking in the sub-top of the world, while the other department performs below average

Keywords: Behavioral-Sciences, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Methods, British, Citation, Comparison, Experimental, Humanities, Indicators, Methods, Productivity, Psychology, Ranking, Research, Research Performance, UK, US

? Thomas, K.S. (1992), The development of eponymy - A case-study of the southern blot. Scientometrics, 24 (3), 405-417.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 405.pdf

Abstract: Direct, indirect, and implicit citation to an eponymous paper is examined to determine the time span over which eponymy develops. The eponym of a very highly cited method paper was commonly used, indexed, and became a chapter title within 5 years after publication. It began to receive implicit citations within about 6 years, and within 14 years, the implicit citation rate exceeded 50%. Definitions of three forms of citation are given, and an empirical definition of eponymy is offered.

Keywords: Citation, Citations, Nitrocellulose, Publication

? Lancaster, F.W., Burger, R.H. and Rauchfuss, B.M. (1992), Use of literature by East European scientists - What influences place of publication of sources cited. Scientometrics, 24 (3), 419-439

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 419.pdf

Abt, H.A. (1992), Publication practices in various sciences. Scientometrics, 24 (3), 441-447.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 441.pdf

Abstract: From a study of Papers published in 1990 in major journals in eight sciences (astrophysics, biology, chemistry, geophysics, mathematics, physics, psychiatry, and radiology) we learn the following. The median numbers of authors per paper range from 1.0 (in mathematics) to 3.7 (in the medical fields). Only a few percent (0-5%) of the papers have more than eight authors. Nearly half (30-55%) of the papers in American journals are partly or totally from abroad, except in the medicinal fields (10%). The fractions of papers with authors from two or more countries are as high as 26% (in astrophysics and geophysics). Mean paper lengths range from 4.6 1000-word pages in the medical fields to 8-13 pages in the observational sciences (astrophysics, biology, geophysics) and mathematics. The fraction of papers revised range from 8% in mathematics to 100% in geophysics. The mean publication times (submission to publication) range from 200 days in physics to 600 days in mathematics.

Keywords: Biology, Chemistry, Journals, Medical, Papers, Psychiatry, Publication, Radiology, Sciences

Notes: MModel

Lemoine, W. (1992), The frequency-distribution of research papers and patents according to sex - the case of Csir - India. Scientometrics, 24 (3), 449-469.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 449.pdf

Abstract: The frequency distribution of research papers and patents produced by men and women scientists working at CSIR, India, is tested against the distribution function of the inverse power type (general or square). A K-S test and a t-test were applied to measure the conformity to the inverse power relationship. For both sexes the distribution of research papers took a bimodal shape and the entire data set did not follow an inverse power function. The male and female CSIR population of authors were divided into two groups, one comprising those researchers (50% of authors) who have written up to 10 articles, the other those scientists with 11 or more research papers. The first conform to a flat productivity distribution, whilst the second were well described by an inverse square power relationship. The distribution of patents did not show signs of the presence of two distinct sections of the distribution, however only the male-data fitted the inverse power relationship of the square type. It was also found that the proportion of less productive scientists was slightly greater for men than for women. Some preliminary ideas based on the characteristics of the data and on Indian cultural heritage, were discussed in order to explain some of the results here delineated.

Keywords: Cultural, Female, First, Function, India, Inverse Power, Inverse Power Function, Lotka Law, Male, Men, Nigeria, Papers, Patents, Population, Research, Science, Scientific Productivity, Women

? Hurt, C.D. and Budd, J.M. (1992), Modeling the literature of superstring theory - A case of fast literature. Scientometrics, 24 (3), 471-480.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics24, 471.pdf

Abstract: This paper used data generated in a previous study to model what can be termed fast literature. In this case, the literature of superstring theory was examined to determine if an anomalous case, such as superstring literature, might fit a theoretical distribution. Price’s Index was examined and found not to fit the data. The lognormal and the Weibull Distributions both appear to fit the observed distribution, however, the Weibull has better practical as well as theoretical strengths to model superstring literature. It is suggested that the literature of superstrings belongs in a separate class of literature, what we term fast literature. Additional study is indicated to determine if this type of literature is a significant factor in scientometrics.

Keywords: Information-Transfer, Literature, Model, Modeling, Scientometrics, Theory

? Egghe, L. and Ravichanra Rao, I.K. (1992), Classification of growth models based on growth rates and its applications. Scientometrics, 25 (1), 5-46.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics25, 5.pdf

Abstract: In this paper, growth models are classified and characterised using two types of growth rates: from time t to t + 1 and from time t to 2t. They are interesting in themselves but can also be used for a quick prediction of the type of growth model that is valid in a particular case. These ideas are applied on 20 data sets collected by Wolfram, Chu and Lu. We determine (using the above classification as well as via nonlinear regression techniques) that the power model (with exponent > 1) is the best growth model for SCI-Tech online databases, but that Gompertz-S-shaped distribution is the best for social sciences and humanities online databases.

Keywords: Classification, Growth, Humanities, Model, Models, Prediction, Sciences, Social Sciences, T, Techniques

? Leemans, M.J., Maes, M., Rousseau, R. and Ruts, C. (1992), The negative binomial-distribution as a trend distribution for circulation data in flemish public-libraries. Scientometrics, 25 (1), 47-57.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics25, 47.pdf

Abstract: Based on data collected by the authors in Flemish public libraries, we show how the negative binomial distribution (NBD) can be used as a trend distribution for library circulation data. Although actual data show more variation than simple statistics can explain, we recommend the use of the NBD for practical, managerial purposes. As a consequence we also recommend the teaching of these methods in introductory library management courses.

Keywords: Management, Methods, Model, Statistics, Teaching

? Reyniers, P. (1992), Facts and figures on interlibrary lending in Dutch-speaking Belgium in 1989. Scientometrics, 25 (1), 59-76.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics25, 59.pdf

Abstract: A survey of interlending activities in Dutch-speaking Belgium was taken in order to coordinate future developments. Data on a broad range of topics were collected. The processing of numerical data is outlined. The figures must be put in perspective, due to the presence of estimates. The investigation remains however the first serious attempt to get an overall picture of interlending in Flemish libraries.

Keywords: Belgium, Estimates, First, Interlending, Investigation, Numerical Data, Survey

? Rousseau, R. (1992), Category theory and informetrics - Information production processes. Scientometrics, 25 (1), 77-87.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics25, 77.pdf

Abstract: Egghe’s continuous information production processes (in short IPP’s) are described using category theory. Therefore, we first review the main ingredients of this mathematical theory, introduced by Eilenberg and Mac Lane more than four decades ago. Then we show how the notion of duality, as used by Egghe, can be placed in the abstract framework of categorical duality. This leads to a natural isomorphism involving the identity functor on a category of continuous IPP’s. This natural isomorphism is completely similar to the well-known natural isomorphism between a finite-dimensional vector space and its double dual. We further show that to develop Egghe’s theory on IPP’s one needs no other intervals than the unit interval.

Keywords: First, Framework, Information, Intervals, Laws, Needs, Review, Theory

? Vanborm, J. (1992), From interlibrary lending statistics to clearinghouse - The use of ill statistics in Belgium. Scientometrics, 25 (1), 89-100.

Full Text: 1992\Scientometrics25, 89.pdf

Abstract: As in many other countries interlibrary lending (ILL) statistics were not systematically collected in Belgium until the seventies. Even today they give not always a complete coverage of the ILL situation in Belgium (an estimated 200.000 requests per year). However, electronic document ordering systems will change the present situation. They can be used to measure the performance of ILL, to improve its quality, to assess weaknesses in the ILL-system, to collect statistical data and to act as a clearinghouse for ILL billing.

Keywords: Belgium, Ill, Quality, Statistics

? Desmet, E. (1992), Information behavior in a scientific-technical environment - A survey with innovation engineers. Scientometrics,