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- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- WOMEN MUST BE SELF-SUFFICIENT TO BE LIBERATED
- ALL POLITICAL STRUGGLES ARE INTERCONNECTED
Implications for DebateElizabeth Cady Stanton’s ideas can help debaters distinguish between the often confusing general philosophies of feminism. They are a powerful argument for a harmonious inclusion of both men and women, but at the same time they emphasize the necessity of women being able to act on their own. Debates between advocates of traditional American ideas and feminist ideas can become much more interesting given Stanton’s belief that feminine liberation is a fulfillment, rather than a refutation, of tradition. Finally, her observations about the similar needs of all people are employable in debates concerning the demands of competing groups and cultures. BIBLIOGRAPHYAdams, Elmer C. and Warren D. Foster. HEROINES OF MODERN PROGRESS (New York: Macmillan, 1926).
Anderson, Judith (ed.). OUTSPOKEN WOMEN: SPEECHES BY AMERICAN WOMEN REFORMERS, 1635-1935 (Dubuque: Kendal/Hunt, 1984). Ballard, Laura C. “Elizabeth Cady Stanton” in OUR FAMOUS WOMEN: AN AUTHORITATIVE RECORD OF THE LIVES AND DEEDS OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICAN WOMEN OF OUR TIMES (Hartford, Conn., 1886). Banner, Lois W. ELIZABETH CADY STANTON: A RADICAL FOR WOMEN~S RIGHTS (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1980). Beard, Mary R. WOMAN AS FORCE IN HISTORY (New York: Octagon Books, 1967). Buhle, Paul and Man Jo Buhle (eds.) THE CONCISE HISTORY OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE: SELECTIONS FROM THE CLASSIC WORK OF STANTON, ANTHONY, GAGE AND HARPER (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978). Griffith, Elisabeth. IN HER OWN RIGHT: THE LIFE OF ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984). Hymowitz, Carol, and Michaele Weissman. A HISTORY OF WOMEN IN AMERICA (New York: Bantam Books, 1978). Riegel, Robert. AMERICAN FEMINISTS (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1963). Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. EIGHTY YEARS AND MORE (New York: Schocken Books, 1971). and Susan B. Anthony. CORRESPONDENCE, WRITINGS, SPEECHES. Ellen Carol DuBois, ed (New York: Schocken Books, 1981). Elizabeth Cady Stanton papers, Library of Congress. MSS 17, 781 and the Revising Committee. THE WOMAWS BIBLE (2 Volumes, New York: 1895-1898). Waggenspack, Beth M. ELIZABETH CADY STANTON’S REFORM RHETORIC 1848-1854. Ph.D. dissertation. The Ohio State University, 1982. THE SEARCH FOR SELF-SOVEREIGNTY: THE ORATORY OF ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (New York: Greenwood Press, 1989). WOMEN MUST BE SELF-SUFFICIENT TO BE LIBERATED1. SELF-SUFFICIENCY OUGHT TO BE THE HIGHEST PRIORITY FOR WOMEN Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Political Activist, in Beth M. Waggenspack, THE SEARCH FOR SELF-SOVEREIGNTY, 1989, pp. 82-3 The strongest reason for giving woman all the opportunities for higher education, for the full development of her faculties, her forces of mind and body; for giving her the most enlarged freedom of thought and action; a complete emancipation from all forms of bondage, of custom, dependence, superstition; from all the crippling influences of fear, is the solitude and personal responsibility of her own individual life. 2. WOMEN MUST RELY ON THEMSELVES Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Political Activist, in Beth M. Waggenspack, THE SEARCH FOR SELF-SOVEREIGNTY, 1989, p. 84 Whatever the theories may be of a woman’s dependence on man, in the supreme moments of her life he cannot bean her burdens. Alone she goes to the gates of death to give life to every man that is born into the world. No one can share her fears, no one can mitigate her pangs; and if her sorrow is greater than she can bear, alone she passes beyond the gates into the vast unknown.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Political Activist, in Beth M. Waggenspack, THE SEARCH FOR SELF-SOVEREIGNTY, 1989, p. 85 We see reason sufficient in the other conditions of human beings for individual liberty and development, but when we consider the self-dependence of every human soul we see the need of courage, judgment, and the exercise of every faculty of mind and body, strengthened and developed by use, in woman as well as man.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Political Activist, in Beth M. Waggenspack, THE SEARCH FOR SELFSOVEREIGNTY, 1989, p. 13 There is a great deal in a name. It often signifies much and may involve a great principle. Why are slaves nameless unless they take that of their master? Simply because they have no independent existence; even so with women. The custom of calling women Mrs. John This or Mrs. Tom That is founded on the principle that white men are the lords of us all.
1. ALL POLITICAL AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS UPHOLD PATRIARCHY Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Political Activist, in Beth M. Waggenspack, THE SEARCH FOR SELF-SOVEREIGNTY, 1989, p. 36 The canon and civil law, church and state, priests and legislatures, all political parties and religious denominations have alike taught that woman was made after man, of man, and for man, an inferior being, subject to man. Credes, codes, scriptures and statutes are all based on this idea. The fashions, forms, ceremonies and customs of society, church ordinances and discipline all grow out of this idea. 2. ALL PEOPLE’S RIGHTS ARE INTERCONNECTED Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Political Activist. CORRESPONDENCE, WRITINGS, SPEECHES, 1981, p. 79 But in settling the question of the negro’s rights, we find out the exact limits of our own, for rights never clash or interfere; and where no individual in a community is denied his rights, the mass are the more perfectly protected in theirs; for whenever any class is subject to fraud or injustice, it shows that the spirit of tyranny is at work, and no one can tell where or how or when this infection will spread. 3. RACIAL AND GENDER PREJUDICE HAVE A COMMON SOURCE Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Political Activist, in Beth M. Waggenspack, THE SEARCH FOR SELF-SOVEREIGNTY, 1989, p. 55 The prejudice against color, of which we hear so much, is no stronger than that against sex. It is produced by the same cause, and manifested much in the same way. The negro’s skin and the woman’s sex are both prima facie evidence that they were intended to be in subjection to the white Saxon man. The few social privileges which the man gives the woman, he makes up to the negro in civil rights. As citizens of a republic, which should we most highly prize, social privileges or civil rights? The latter, most certainly.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Political Activist. CORRESPONDENCE, WRITINGS, SPEECHES, 1981, p. 35 We do not expect that our path will be strewn with the flowers of popular applause, but over the thorns of bigotry and prejudice will be our way, and on our banners will beat the dark storm-clouds of opposition from those who have entrenched themselves behind the stormy bulwarks of custom and authority, and those who have fortified their position by every means, holy and unholy. But we will steadfastly abide the result. Unmoved we will bear it aloft. Undaunted we will unfurl it to the gale, for we know that the storm cannot rend from it a shred, that the electric flash will but more clearly show to us the glorious words inscribed upon it, “Equality of Rights.” 5. MEN AND WOMEN HAVE THE SAME NEEDS Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Political Activist, in Beth M. Waggenspack, THE SEARCH FOR SELFSOVEREIGNTY, 1989, p. 68 Man eats, drinks, sleeps and so does woman. He loves, is religious, penitent, prayerful, reverent, and so is woman. He is noble, courageous, self-reliant, generous, magnanimous; and so is woman. Are not our hopes and fears for time and eternity the same?
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