Planet Debate 2011 September/October l-d release Animal Rights
Animal Rights Expansion Devalues Humans
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- Animal Rights Kills AIDS Vaccine - Shell
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Animal Rights Expansion Devalues HumansEXTENDING RIGHTS TO GREAT APES RISKS DECREASING PROTECTIONS FOR “MARGINAL” HUMAN CASES Daniel A. Dombrowski, 1997, Babies and Beasts: the argument from marginal cases, p. 147-8 The greater danger is not that we would establish a gulf between primates (humans and great apes) and nonprimates, but rather that the present gulf between humans and nonhumans would remain absolute. Even a reflective thinker such as James Nelson still wishes somehow to preserve this latter gulf, although for the understandable reason that he does not wish, in Frey-like fashion, to revise downward the moral status attributed to damaged humans. A defender of the strong version of the AMC can at least partially agree with Nelson when he says:
In fact, William Aiken thinks that if any human beings should have their moral status revised downward, it is not those with Down’s syndrome but violent psychopaths, whose worth as moral agents and beneficiaries is inferior to that of chimpanzees. Or, at the very least, the partial affections of parents toward their children can sometimes override the rights of a violent psychopath more easily than they can the rights of a chimpanzee (the latter, after all, is innocent). Nevertheless, I am not convinced that Nelson can legitimately move from the (defensible) claim that marginal cases should not be the victims of medical research to the claim that animals can be so used. To put marginal cases on a firm moral footing, we need not, as Nelson thinks, distance them from animals. Animal Rights Kills AIDS Vaccine - ShellA)UNIQUE INTERNAL LINK – AN AIDS VACCINE IS COMING – TESTING ON HUMANS IS NOT ENOUGH – FUTURE RESEARCH ON GREAT APES IS NECESSARY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE VACINE Rachel Nowak, PhD and Editor of the New Scientist. “Dying So We Might Live”. The New Scientist. 1999 http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Philosophy/Animal%20Testing/Vivisection/newscientaids.htm "The good news is that we now have a pathogenic HIV model in a chimp," says Alan Schultz, head of preclinical research in the AIDS vaccine programme of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) near Washington DC. "The bad news is that to do meaningful vaccine experiments, we will have to put chimps' lives at risk."
Hopes for a vaccine that can completely prevent HIV infection are fading, however, so attention is shifting towards vaccines that might slow the progression to AIDS. These could be tested in chimps infected with the lethal strains. The alternative-going straight into tests on people with HIV-is complicated by the widespread use of anti-retroviral drugs, which also delay the progression to AIDS. This would make it difficult to distinguish the effect of the vaccine from that of the drugs. Fultz argues that terminal experiments involving chimps are a necessary evil. "With 40 million people infected in the world, there is a great need for a vaccine" she says.
Barbara Noske, Researcher, Department of Social Philosophy, University of Amsterdam, 1994, The Great Ape Project: equality beyond humanity, eds. Cavalieri & Singer, p. 265 Moreover, declaring humans and other great apes to be all of one kind—as belonging to a community of equal subjects—cannot but lead to a total revision of current ape research procedures. The proposed change of attitude calls for a release of all ape objects of study from human laboratories. Instead it seems fitting that humans should ask permission from their ape subjects before intruding upon their societies, just as anthropologists need to do whenever they come upon a foreign community of people. Incidentally, both Fossey and Goodall have made it quite clear that in their respective research situations they initially felt like intruding visitors.
The UN Population Division reported earlier this year that by 2050, the population of the hardest hit nations will have risen by 400 million less than previously estimated because of AIDS. "This estimate could be the first sign that HIV-1 will cause extinction of human beings in this millennium unless an effective AIDS vaccine is developed," said a commentary by Veljko Veljkovic and colleagues in the Lancet, published in February. AIDS Research DA – Link Extensions – Apes KeyAPE RESEARCH CAN CREATE AN EFFECTIVE VACCINE David Baltimore, president of the California Institute of Technology, won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1975. “CHALLENGE OF THE NEW CENTURY: FINDING AN AIDS VACCINE”. NPQ 2000 http://www.digitalnpq.org/global_services/nobel%20laureates/02-11-01.HTML Two recent experiments provide hope that it is possible to make a human vaccine for AIDS. One is an experiment based on pure or ``naked'' DNA injected into monkeys. DNA, of course, is the hereditary material that encodes proteins. In this way, it is possible to protect monkeys against a highly pathogenic challenge. The breakthrough here is that all vaccines developed in the past have focused on inducing antibodies to fight a virus. But antibodies don't work well against HIV, which coats itself with sugar and has other tricks that make it resistant to antibodies, making that part of the immune system of little use in fighting HIV. The DNA treatment is a new kind of vaccine that stimulates a relatively newly discovered mechanism of the immune system -- "T-killer cells'' -- to go looking for an infected cell and to kill it through secreting a material fatal to that cell. If such a pure DNA vaccine can be developed, it can be used anywhere, including Africa. It is safe and cheap and easy to use. FUTURE APE RESEARCH IS CRITICAL TO SOLVE THE GLOBAL AIDS PANDEMIC Dr. Anthony L. Rose, Ph.D @Institute for Conservation Education and Development Antioch University Southern California. 1999 http://bushmeat.net/hiv-chimps299.htm Now, our genetic kinship with apes has been discovered to be progenitor of a crisis that threatens the health of humankind. Chimpanzees have been identified by medical scientists as the source of the viruses that have propagated the world AIDS crisis. Bushmeat hunting along each new logging road could bring out more than ape meat. It could transmit additional variants of SIV which then could mutate and recombine into novel HIV types and further expand the pernicious AIDS plague faced worldwide. Virologists have begun to present their evidence in journals and at major international conferences (Hahn, 1999). They are telling the public two things. First, we must stop the hunting and butchering of wild chimpanzees in order to avoid transmission of new strains of SIV. Second, we must launch new programs to protect and study wild apes in their natural habitat. Global human health could depend on saving the apes and their homelands.
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