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the-akamai-network-a-platform-for-high-performance-internet-applications-technical-publication

Unreliable networks. Across the Internet, outages are happening all the time, caused by a wide variety of reasons—
cable cuts, misconfigured routers, DDoS attacks, power outages, even earthquakes and other natural disasters. While failures vary in scope, large-scale occurrences are not uncommon. In January 2008, for example, parts of Southeast Asia and the Middle East experienced an estimated 75% reduction in bandwidth connectivity [43] when a series of undersea cables were accidentally cut. In December of the same year, another cable cut incident lead to outages for large numbers of networks in Egypt and India. In both cases the disruptions lasted for multiple days. Fragile peering relationships can be culprits as well. When two networks de-peer over business disputes, they can partition the Internet, such that customers from one network—as well as any networks single-homed to it—may be unable to reach customers of the other network. During the high-profile de-peering between Sprint and Cogent in October 2008, for instance, connectivity was adversely affected for an estimated 3,500 networks [35].

Finally, several high profile examples of Internet outages caused by BGP hijacking can be found in [9], such as the global YouTube blackout inadvertently caused by Pakistan in February 2008, as well as the widespread Internet outage caused by a China Telecom leak in April 2010.

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