[Psychological consequences of severe overweight in teenagers]
Different forms of bullying and their association to smoking and drinking behavior in Italian adolescents
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- BACKGROUND
- CONCLUSIONS
- Adolescent at-risk weight (overweight and obesity) prevalence in Hawaii.
- OBJECTIVE
- CONCLUSION
Different forms of bullying and their association to smoking and drinking behavior in Italian adolescents.Vieno A, Gini G, Santinello M. SourceUniversity of Padova, Italy. alessio.vieno@unipd.it AbstractBACKGROUND:Using data from the 2006 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, the prevalence of 6 forms of bullying (physical, verbal, relational, sexual, cyber, and racist), and the role of smoking and drinking in bullying was examined among Italian adolescents for this study. METHODS:The sample was composed of 2667 Italian middle and secondary school students (49.9% girls) randomly selected. The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was used to measure physical, verbal, relational, sexual, cyber, and racist forms of bullying. For each form, 3 categories were created and compared with students "not involved in bullying": bully, victim, and bully-victim. Logistic regressions were applied to test the connections among the 3 forms of involvement in different types of bullying and smoking and drinking. RESULTS:Prevalence of having been bullied or having bullied others at school at least once in the last 2 months was 11.6% for physical, 52% for verbal, 47.9% for relational, 18.5% for sexual, 19.4% for cyber, and 9.4% for racist bullying. Compared to girls, boys were more likely to be involved in physical bullying; moreover, boys were more involved as bullies in verbal, sexual, cyber, and racist bullying. In contrast, girls were more likely to be victims of verbal, relational, sexual, and cyber bullying than were boys. Logistic regressions showed the connection between the different forms of involvement in bullying and smoking and drinking. CONCLUSIONS:Our results indicate that all forms of bullying behavior are associated with legal substance use. Implication for prevention program was discussed. J Psychol. 2011 Jul-Aug;145(4):313-30. The role of affective and cognitive empathy in physical, verbal, and indirect aggression of a Singaporean sample of boys. Yeo LS, Ang RP, Loh S, Fu KJ, Karre JK. Source Psychological Studies Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616. laysee.yeo@nie.edu.sg Abstract Bullying behavior is a serious form of school violence, affecting many children. This study investigated the contributions of 2 specific components of empathy (affective and cognitive empathy) on the 3 forms of aggressive behaviors in a sample of 241 Grade 4 and Grade 5 boys from Singapore. The 2 components of empathy differed in their relation with the 3 types of aggression. After accounting for cognitive empathy, affective empathy was associated with physical aggression. Neither affective empathy nor cognitive empathy was associated with verbal aggression. With control for affective empathy, cognitive empathy was associated with indirect aggression. Results suggest that empathy training based on specific deficits may be helpful in intervention and prevention of specific aggressive behaviors. Hawaii Med J. 2011 Jul;70(7 Suppl 1):4-10. Adolescent at-risk weight (overweight and obesity) prevalence in Hawai'i.Nigg C, Shor B, Tanaka CY, Hayes DK. SourceJohn A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA. cnigg@hawaii.edu AbstractOBJECTIVE:To present prevalence rates of adolescents in Hawai'i at-risk weight (85 percentile or higher = overweight or obese) and the relationship with comorbidities. METHODS:The Hawai'i Youth Risk Behavior Survey aggregated for 2005, 2007, and 2009 was analyzed addressing at-risk weight prevalence by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade. Comorbidities were related to at-risk weight using regression. RESULTS:Over 1/4 of Hawai'i adolescents were at-risk weight. There were no differences by grade, but boys had higher prevalence (31.0%) than girls (22.4%). Overall, Other Pacific Islanders and Hawaiians had the highest prevalence (43.9% and 37.4%, respectively), followed by multi-race (27.1%), Filipino (25.7%), and Whites with the lowest (16.1%). Most associations between at-risk weight and various co-morbidities (including sexual behavior, nutrition, physical activity, mental health, bullying, alcohol, and other drug use) were not significant (p>.05). However, girls and boys trying to lose weight; and boys with 3+ hours of screen time (TV, video, or computer games) each day were at increased odds of at-risk weight (p<.05). CONCLUSION:Adolescent gender and ethnic disparities exist such that a single intervention approach (one size fits all) may be counterproductive. More research is required on the determinants and mechanisms to guide weight management interventions. Dev Psychol. 2011 Jul;47(4):1090-107. doi: 10.1037/a0023769. Adolescents' implicit theories predict desire for vengeance after peer conflicts: correlational and experimental evidence. Yeager DS, Trzesniewski KH, Tirri K, Nokelainen P, Dweck CS. Source School of Education and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. dyeager@stanford.edu Abstract Why do some adolescents respond to interpersonal conflicts vengefully, whereas others seek more positive solutions? Three studies investigated the role of implicit theories of personality in predicting violent or vengeful responses to peer conflicts among adolescents in Grades 9 and 10. They showed that a greater belief that traits are fixed (an entity theory) predicted a stronger desire for revenge after a variety of recalled peer conflicts (Study 1) and after a hypothetical conflict that specifically involved bullying (Study 2). Study 3 experimentally induced a belief in the potential for change (an incremental theory), which resulted in a reduced desire to seek revenge. This effect was mediated by changes in bad-person attributions about the perpetrators, feelings of shame and hatred, and the belief that vengeful ideation is an effective emotion-regulation strategy. Together, the findings illuminate the social-cognitive processes underlying reactions to conflict and suggest potential avenues for reducing violent retaliation in adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2011 Jul;20(3):447-65. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2011.03.004. Cornered: an approach to school bullying and cyberbullying, and forensic implications. Bostic JQ, Brunt CC. Source Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. jbostic@partners.org Abstract Bullying is an abuse of power and control that can cause significant harm to individuals. School systems have the difficult task of trying to police this behavior to maintain a safe learning environment for their students. Although there may be an identified bully, the ramifications of the behavior affect the system as a whole. Bullies, targeted victims, and bystanders play an integral role in ameliorating this problem. A change of culture within the school system is often the best, yet often the most difficult, intervention. In addition, cyberbullying has become a powerful avenue for bullying, resulting in significant morbidity within schools. Can J Public Health. 2011 Jul-Aug;102(4):258-63. Directory: documents documents -> Concept stage documents -> Concept stage documents -> The great global switch-off documents -> Nonprofit grant application documents -> The Truth about the Rwandan Genocide documents -> Annual InStructional unit plan documents -> Chaos equipment included Download 2.3 Mb. Share with your friends:
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