[Psychological consequences of severe overweight in teenagers]
The clinical utility of the proposed DSM-5 callous-unemotional subtype of conduct disorder in young girls
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- OBJECTIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- Bullying perpetration and subsequent sexual violence perpetration among middle school students.
- The bully at school: an interdisciplinary approach.
- Peer victimization among school-aged children with chronic conditions.
The clinical utility of the proposed DSM-5 callous-unemotional subtype of conduct disorder in young girls.Pardini D, Stepp S, Hipwell A, Stouthamer-Loeber M, Loeber R. SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. dap38@pitt.edu AbstractOBJECTIVE:A callous-unemotional (CU) subtype of conduct disorder (CD) has been proposed as an addition to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This study tested the hypothesis that young girls with the CU subtype of CD would exhibit more severe antisocial behavior and less severe internalizing problems over time relative to girls with CD alone. Second, the developmental outcomes of girls with CU traits in the absence of CD was examined because these girls would be overlooked by the proposed CU subtyping scheme. METHOD:Theses issues were examined in a community sample of 1,862 girls 6 to 8 years of age at study onset. Outcomes included internalizing and externalizing problems, academic achievement, and global impairment assessed concurrently and at a 6-year follow-up. RESULTS:Girls with the CU subtype of CD had higher levels of externalizing disorder symptoms, bullying, relational aggression, and global impairment than girls with CD alone. Girls with CD alone tended to have more anxiety problems than girls with the CU subtype of CD. Girls with high CU traits without CD exhibited higher ODD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and lower academic achievement at the 6-year follow-up relative to girls without CU traits and CD. Group differences at the 6-year follow-up were primarily accounted for by baseline differences on the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:The proposed DSM-5 CU subtype of CD identifies young girls who exhibit lower anxiety problems and more severe aggression, CD symptoms, academic problems and global impairment across time than girls with CD alone. J Adolesc Health. 2012 Jan;50(1):60-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.07.015. Epub 2011 Oct 26. Bullying perpetration and subsequent sexual violence perpetration among middle school students.Espelage DL, Basile KC, Hamburger ME. SourceDepartment of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA. espelage@illinois.edu AbstractPURPOSE:This study examines the association between bullying experiences and sexual violence (SV) perpetration among a sample of middle school students (n = 1391; males and females in grades 5-8) across five middle schools in a Midwestern state. METHODS:We include waves 1 and 2 of a larger longitudinal study that aimed to track the overlap between bullying and SV victimization and/or perpetration across a 3-year period. Wave 1 data were collected in the spring of 2008, and wave 2 data were collected in the fall of 2008. Student participants completed a series of scales in a paper and pencil survey. After missing data imputation, a total sample of 1391 students was analyzed. RESULTS:Using cutoff scores, 12% of males and 12% of females could be considered bully perpetrators. Thirty-two percent of the boys (22% of girls) reported making sexual comments to other students, 5% of boys (7% of girls) spread a sexual rumor, and 4% of boys (2% of girls) pulled at someone's clothing. Bullying perpetration and homophobic teasing were significant predictors of sexual harassment perpetration over time. CONCLUSIONS:Given the overlap among bullying, homophobic teasing perpetration, and SV perpetration, future studies should address the link among these forms of aggression so that prevention programs can be enhanced to address gender-based bullying and sexual harassment. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2012;35(3-4):153-62. doi: 10.3109/01460862.2012.708215. The bully at school: an interdisciplinary approach.Carter S. SourceDowling College , Oakdale, New York. AbstractRecent legislation enacted across the United States mandates schools to intervene and improve the reporting system of school bullying. Although the laws are an extension of safe school mandates, restoring justice in schools has taken a top priority. The lack of intensity of current anti-bullyingprograms and educators underestimating the gravity of bullying and its long-term effects on victims is problematic. In addition, little emphasis is being placed on understanding the research base of children who bully others. A review of the criminology and psychiatric research provides insight into the behavior of the bully. Studies demonstrate that bullying in school is a "gateway" behavior toward future criminal behavior; bullying will persist if professionals do not buy into the gravity of chronic child aggressors. Remediation directed at young children is essential, concurrent with the provision of teacher training programs focused on understanding the common behavioral disorders of childhood. A look at the existing research provides direction toward meeting the significant needs of children who bully others and perpetuate violence in schools and into adulthood. Epidemiol Rev. 2012 Jan;34(1):120-8. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxr024. Epub 2011 Nov 30. Peer victimization among school-aged children with chronic conditions.Sentenac M, Arnaud C, Gavin A, Molcho M, Gabhainn SN, Godeau E. SourceResearch Unit on Perinatal Epidemiology and Childhood Disabilities, Adolescent Health, INSERM, UMRU1027, Toulouse, France. mariane.sentenac@cict.fr AbstractPeer victimization is a common problem among school-aged children, and those with chronic conditions are at an increased risk. A systematic review of the literature was carried out to explore the increased risk of peer victimization among children with chronic conditions compared with others, considering a variety of chronic conditions; and to assess intervention programs designed to reduce negative attitudes or peer victimization at school toward children with chronic conditions. Various data sources were used (PubMed, ERIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science), and 59 studies published between 1991 and 2011 and mainly carried out in North American and European countries were included in the review. A higher level of peer victimization among children with chronic conditions was shown for each type of condition explored in this review (psychiatric diagnoses, learning difficulties, physical and motor impairments, chronic illnesses, and overweight). Despite a substantial number of studies having shown a significant association between chronic conditions and peer victimization, intervention studies aiming to reduce bullying among these children were rarely evaluated. The findings of this review suggest a growing need to develop and implement specific interventions targeted at reducing peer victimization among children with chronic conditions. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(2):101-9. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2011.587086. Epub 2011 Aug 26. Directory: documents documents -> Concept stage documents -> Concept stage documents -> The great global switch-off documents -> Nonprofit grant application documents -> The Truth about the Rwandan Genocide documents -> Annual InStructional unit plan documents -> Chaos equipment included Download 2.3 Mb. Share with your friends:
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