[Psychological consequences of severe overweight in teenagers]

The co-occurrence of substance use and bullying behaviors among U.S. adolescents: understanding demographic characteristics and social influences

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• Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking stress exposure to adolescent aggressive behavior.
• Childrens sympathy for peers who are the targets of peer aggression.
• Childrens perceptions about their health-related quality of life: effects of a health education-social skills program.

The co-occurrence of substance use and bullying behaviors among U.S. adolescents: understanding demographic characteristics and social influences. Luk JW, Wang J, Simons-Morton BG. Source Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA. jwluk@uw.edu Abstract This study examined the co-occurrence of subtypes of substance use and bullying behaviors using latent class analysis and evaluated latent class differences in demographic characteristics, peer and parental influences. Self-reported questionnaire data were collected from a nationally representative sample (N = 7508) of 6-10th grade adolescents in the United States. Four latent classes were identified: the non-involved (57.7%), substance users (19.4%), bullies (17.5%), and substance-using bullies (5.4%). Older and Hispanic adolescents were more likely to be substance users and substance-using bullies, whereas younger and African American adolescents were more likely to be bullies. Females were more likely to be substance users, whereas males were more likely to be bullies and substance-using bullies. Spending more evenings with peers posed greater risks for substance use, bullying, and the co-occurrence of both problem behaviors. Paternal knowledge exerted protective effects over-and-above the effects of maternal knowledge. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts are discussed. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2012 Oct;40(7):1111-22. doi: 10.1007/s10802-012-9629-4. Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking stress exposure to adolescent aggressive behavior. Herts KL, McLaughlin KA, Hatzenbuehler ML. Source Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. kherts@hsph.harvard.edu Abstract Exposure to stress is associated with a wide range of internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents, including aggressive behavior. Extant research examining mechanisms underlying the associations between stress and youth aggression has consistently identified social information processing pathways that are disrupted by exposure to violence and increase risk of aggressive behavior. In the current study, we use longitudinal data to examine emotion dysregulation as a potential mechanism linking a broader range of stressful experiences to aggressive behavior in a diverse sample of early adolescents (N = 1065). Specifically, we examined the longitudinal associations of peer victimization and stressful life events with emotion dysregulation and aggressive behavior. Structural equation modeling was used to create latent constructs of emotion dysregulation and aggression. Both stressful life events and peer victimization predicted subsequent increases in emotion dysregulation over a 4-month period. These increases in emotion dysregulation, in turn, were associated with increases in aggression over the subsequent 3 months. Longitudinal mediation models showed that emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship of both peer victimization (z = 2.35, p = 0.019) and stressful life events (z = 2.32, p = 0.020) with aggressive behavior. Increasing the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies is an important target for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of adolescent aggressive behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2012 Oct;40(7):1137-48. doi: 10.1007/s10802-012-9636-5. Children's sympathy for peers who are the targets of peer aggression. Macevoy JP, Leff SS. Source Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Campion 320, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA. julie.macevoy.1@bc.edu Abstract Although a goal of many aggression intervention programs is to increase children's concern (often termed sympathy or empathy) for their peers as a means of ultimately reducing aggressive behavior, there are no measures specifically of children's concern for peers who are the targets of peer aggression. A participatory action research (PAR) model was used to create a culturally-sensitive measure of urban African American children's sympathy for peers who are the targets of physical aggression, relational or social aggression, verbal aggression, and property damage. In Study 1, 40 children (M (age) = 9.71 years; 47.5 % female) were interviewed about the types of incidents that lead them to feel sympathy for a peer. Based upon these findings, the 15-item Peer Sympathy Scale (PSS) was developed. In Study 2, the PSS was administered to 517 children (M (age) = 9.82 years; 47.4 % female) to examine the psychometric properties of the measure and to explore the association between children's sympathy for their peers and their social behavior. Greater sympathy was associated with less overt and relational aggression according to both peer and teacher reports as well as with less oppositional-defiant behavior according to teacher reports. The clinical utility of the PSS as an outcome assessment tool for social skills intervention programs is discussed. Health Educ Res. 2012 Oct;27(5):780-93. doi: 10.1093/her/cys089. Epub 2012 Aug 20. Children's perceptions about their health-related quality of life: effects of a health education-social skills program. Karasimopoulou S, Derri V, Zervoudaki E. Source Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Saggariou 21, Xanthi, 67100, Greece. ksmaragdia@yahoo.gr Abstract The perception about one's health includes feelings about physical and psychological characteristics as well as ways of managing interpersonal relationships. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the Health Education Program 'Skills for primary school children' (KE.TH.E.A.-Ministry of Education of Greece. 1998. Educational Program of Prevention: Skills for Elementary Students [Eκπαιδευτικό υλικό πρόληψης: Δεξιότητες για Παιδιά του Δημοτικού]. Athens: KE.TH.E.A, 1998) on children's perceptions about certain dimensions of their quality of life: physical well-being, mental well-being, moods and emotions, self-concept, leisure-autonomy, family life, financial resources, friends, school environment and social acceptance (bullying). Two hundred and eighty-six students of fifth and sixth grade, from schools of Northern and Southern Greece participated. One hundred and twenty-eight (n = 128) formed the experimental group and 158 the control group (n = 158). The experimental group followed the skills program for 23 weeks (one 45 min lesson/week), whereas the control group did not. The Kidscreen Questionnaire (Kim S, Laird M. An Outcome Evaluation of Lions Quest 'Skills for growing' Grades K-5, 1993. Available at: http://www.Lions-quest.org. Accessed: 2 April 2009) was applied to assess health-related quality of life. Results from multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that children in the experimental group significantly improved their perceptions of physical well-being, family life, financial aspects, friends, school life and social acceptance. On the other hand, children in the control group significantly improved their perceptions for physical well-being, whereas they deteriorated them significantly for family life, mood and feelings and social acceptance. Also, children as a whole improved their self-concept. Furthermore, analysis of covariance showed that the experimental group had better perceptions of autonomy than the control group in the final measurement. It can be concluded that such a program could lead to the improvement of (i) physical well-being, (ii) family life, (iii) financial resources, (iv) friends, (v) school environment, (vi) social acceptance and (vi) Leisure-Autonomy and to stable perceptions about mood and feelings, dimensions of health-related quality of life. Eur J Pediatr. 2012 Oct;171(10):1549-57. Epub 2012 Jun 27. 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