Public Transport Capacity Analysis Procedures for Developing Cities



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Objectives

The objectives of this work are:




  • To provide a technical resource for transit planners and designers in developing cities in their public transport capacity and performance analysis work irrespective of mode. Specifically, to develop databases and analytical procedures, modeled on those in the TCQSM that will enable practitioners in the developing world to analyze existing systems and services and/or plan new ones This volume includes appropriate data tables and case studies of the application of selected capacity and service quality analysis procedures using data collected and/or appropriate to developing city conditions.




  • To provide a basic technical resource for academics and researchers to use in their capacity building and research activities

As such, the document and its procedures will be incorporated into the curricula of the World Bank’s urban transport capacity building program and serve as a resource for the capacity building efforts of the Bank’s partners.



    1. Audiences

It is expected that the primary audience for this document are public transport planning and design practitioners, academics and researchers in developing countries. Secondarily, it serves the same functions for academics and researchers and to a certain extent, practitioners in the developed world.




    1. Applications


This document is useful for both planning, design and systems analysis purposes. The tables and procedures from this document can enable a transportation system planner to scale each element of a rail or an enhanced bus transportation system to the design passenger load for the system. In this context, it is assumed that a transportation system of known required passenger capacity is to be planned and/or designed. The exhibits in this manual will enable each component to be appropriately scaled to meet that requirement. This report identifies those elements which limit overall capacity as the traveler enters uses and departs from the transportation system. For example, in a typical bus rapid transit or light rail system, there are a number of “bottlenecks” (running ways/intersections, station platforms, turnstiles (if applicable) vehicles, etc.) which can limit the overall capacity. In essence, the overall system capacity is the minimum of the capacity of each of system element.


Alternatively, the procedures can be used to analyze the performance of existing transit systems and provide techniques to estimate the effects of changes such as vehicle size, stop configuration and service patterns on the capacity of the system and hence the quality of service offered to its customers. This is particularly useful in planning for increased service utilization at some time in the future. The procedures will enable the assessment of a variety of measures to meet a target system capacity.


    1. Using the Manual

This manual supplements the Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual with information assembled for cities in developing countries. It is useful in addressing two basic types of capacity analysis – one assessing the performance of an existing transit line or system and the other in planning for a new facility.


Assessing performance of an existing facility includes:

  • analyzing travel times and delay,

  • analyzing observed bus queues at principal stations (stops) and congested intersections,

  • identifying overcrowded vehicles and stations, and

  • identifying car-bus-pedestrian conflicts and delays at critical locations

Assessing future conditions includes:



  • determining vehicle requirements for anticipated future peak demands

  • providing sufficient number of vehicles to avoid overcrowding, and

  • designing rights-of-way and junctions (where permitted) and stations to accommodate needed bus, rail and passenger flows.

The techniques for assessing bus rapid transit systems differ from those from a rail system. Therefore, each is discussed separately.


The specific factors of the transit services that influence capacity included in this work, irrespective of mode are:


  1. Running way capacity including the role of safe separation distance, signal/control systems and junctions and turnarounds.




  1. Platform capacity including allowance for circulation, waiting space, number size and location of platform ingress/egress channels




  1. Facility access elements including doorway and corridor widths, turnstiles and other barrier gates




  1. Fare collection systems including staffed fare booths and ticket vending machines




  1. Level changing systems including capacity of elevators, escalators and stairs




  1. Vehicle design elements including consist lengths, interior configuration, doorway number, locations and widths.




  1. Passenger loading standards which include the design occupancy level for vehicles and stations.

The report has a section on facility emergency evacuation analysis in the discussion of platform capacity to assure adequate life safety in the event of fire or other event.


    1. Manual Organization

Subsequent chapters of this guide are as follows:


Chapter 2 gives general guidelines pertaining to transit capacity and quality of service. It contains some underlying concepts and principles.
Chapter 3 sets forth bus system capacity guidelines and estimating procedures.
Chapter 4 contains rail rapid transit capacity guidelines
Chapter 5 contains guidance on rail and bus stations
There are a number of appendices which discuss data collection procedures and offer some sample analyses. After the discussion for each analytical procedure, there is a numerical problem which applies the concept to actual practice.




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