Rao bulletin 1 October 2016 html edition this bulletin contains the following articles pg Article Subject



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Computer Data StorageMemory Chips vs. Hard Drive
As early as 2018, more than half of personal computers (PCs) will store data on memory chips rather than the hard drives made with spinning platters that have been a fixture in PCs since the late 1980s, says market research firm. Currently, 33 percent of PCs sold come with memory chip storage, called solid-state drives (SSDs), the same kind of long-term storage used in smartphones, tablets, USB thumb drives, and camera memory cards. This is a type of "flash" memory that's fast like a PC's random-access memory (RAM) but retains data after the machine is turned off like traditional hard drives. In two years, predicts TrendForce, PCs shipped with SSDs will grow to 56 percent of the market. Here are a few pros and cons of PCs with SSD storage.


  • Pros: Faster, Quieter, Use less power, and More resistance to being bumped or dropped than those with traditional hard drives

  • Cons: More expensive, Typically have less storage space, and Decreased longevity as the data in memory cells in SSDs are overwritten again and again.

However, traditional hard drives have their own reliability and longevity concerns, with a finite life as well. Because traditional drives consist of read-write heads close to platters that spin at high speed, their components when malfunctioning literally can crash into one another, trashing the drive and the data on it. But traditional hard drives have become more dependable, and their average projected life currently is longer than SSDs, though SSDs will continue to become more dependable as well.


In terms of other storage options, local removable storage was, and still is, handled mostly by USB thumb drives. The "cloud" is another other major form of storage today, where you keep the results of your document editing, photo sharing, and online backups. Low-priced Chromebooks use the cloud as their primary form of long-term storage. Cloud storage consists of many banks of traditional high-storage hard drives that are reachable over the Internet. Some cloud storage options to conside are listed at http://www.moaa.org/Content/Publications-and-Media/Features-and-Columns/Tech-Tactics/Cloud-Storage-Options.aspx?list=4294967917&cat=4294967326 .
Along with the cloud, SSDs are a game changer. With SSDs, things started slowly. Toshiba was the first to introduce flash memory, in 1984. In 1991, SanDisk made a 20-megabyte SSD that sold for $1,000. It wasn't until around 2007 that SSDs started becoming mainstream. Apple's MacBook Air laptops have come with SSDs as standard since 2010. The largest manufacturers of SSDs today include Samsung, SanDisk, and Lite-On. A random survey provides an idea about pricing today. From Newegg, 250-gigabyte internal SSDs, used for upgrading your current PC, sell for starting around $100, 500-gigabyte for around $160, and 1-terabyte for around $240. Best Buy sells a new Lenovo laptop with a 256-gigabyte SSD drive, 8 gigabytes of RAM, and a 15.6-inch screen for $730 and a Lenovo laptop with similar specs but a 1-terabyte hard drive for $560. [Source: MOAA News Exchange | Reid Goldsborough | September 28, 2016 ++]
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Windows 10 Update 01Problems!!!
The latest Microsoft operating system is drawing fire from computer users, who complain about technical problems, including being relentlessly badgered to install updates. Windows 10 has caused users “nothing but problems,” writes Andrew Laughlin, a senior researcher in the technology department of British-based consumer group "WHICH?". Laughlin says the charity has received “well over” 1,000 complaints about Windows 10, which was launched in July 2015. Users say they are endlessly harassed to update the software — and that when they decline to do so, Windows 10 installs the updates without permission. Laughlin writes: Once installed, it caused various problems, including printers, Wi-Fi cards and speakers no longer working with their PC; or instances of lost files and email accounts no longer syncing.

Some users say the problems are so disruptive that they have had to pay someone to fix their computers. 'WHICH?' says it is “calling on Microsoft to do better.” It notes that Microsoft is offering free customer support to people affected by Windows 10 problems, but says many computer users report difficulties reaching Microsoft. Others who have experienced glitches thought the problem was with their computer — and not the software — and mistakenly brought their computers to a repair shop. If you are having issues with Windows 10 Go to https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/contactus to contact Microsoft at its website. You can also find more information on ways to get help via phone or at a Microsoft store at this site. An alternate source of help is to visit Microsoft's "Answer Desk" which can be found at https://www.microsoftstore.com/store/msusa/en_US/cat/Answer-Desk/categoryID.63433500?tduid=(a8c58938ac815ab61638eade846ed20d)(256380)(2459594)(je6NUbpObpQ-C_.SlPIw8BuRfxx0Gcps8Q)() . [Source: MoneyTalksNews | Chris Kissell | September 23, 2016 ++]
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Constitution DayGet Your Free Document

September 17 was Constitution Day, a celebration of one of the nation’s — and the world’s — most important documents. According to the National Archives: On September 17, 1787, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention met for the last time to sign the document they had created. Here are three places you can get your own copy of the Constitution for free:

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