Received pronunciation british accent helpful hints



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TONGUE POSITION


F R O N T

C E N T R A L

B A C K



ɪ

ʊ



e

ə

ɜː

ɔː

æ

ʌ

ɑː

ɒ


HIGH PHONEMES



ɪ

ʊ



MID PHONEMES

e

ə

ɜː

ɔː

LOW PHONEMES

æ

ʌ

ɑː

ɒ


LIPS POSITION

SPREAD

N E U T R A L

ROUNDED



ɪ

ʊ



e

ə

ɜː

ɔː

æ

ʌ

ɑː

ɒ


JAW POSITION


JAW CLOSED



ɪ

ʊ



JAW NEUTRAL

e

ə

ɜː

ɔː

JAW OPEN

æ

ʌ

ɑː

ɒ

NOTE:

JAW = THE LOWER JAW = THE BOTTOM JAW



LESSON VII

BRITISH ACCENT

VERSUS

AMERICAN ACCENT

BRITISH PRONUNCIATION (RECEIVED PRONUNCIATION)
SHORT VOWELS (FULL = STRESSED VOWELS)




FRONT

BACK

CLOSE

/ɪ/

/ʊ/

MID

/e/

/ʌ/

OPEN

/æ/

/ɒ/


LONG VOWELS (FULL = STRESSED VOWELS)




FRONT

CENTRAL

BACK

CLOSE

/iː/




/uː/

MID




ː/

/ɔː/

OPEN




ː/


UNSTRESSED VOWELS (REDUCED VOWELS)

/ɪ/

/ə/

/l/

/m/

/n/



BRITISH DIPH-THONGS




CLOSING

/ɪ/ /ʊ/

CENTRING

/ə/

STARTING CLOSE







/ɪə/ /ʊə/

STARTING MID

/eɪ/ /ɔɪ/

/əʊ/

/eə/

STARTING OPEN

/aɪ/

/aʊ/




AMERICAN PRONUNCIATION
SHORT VOWELS (FULL = STRESSED VOWELS)




FRONT

CENTRAL

BACK

CLOSE

/ɪ/




/ʊ/

CLOSE-MID










OPEN-MID

/ɛ/

/ʌ/




OPEN

/æ/








LONG VOWELS (FULL = STRESSED VOWELS)




FRONT

CENTRAL

BACK

CLOSE

/i/




/u/

CLOSE-MID

/e/




/o/

OPEN-MID




/ɝ/

/ɔ/

OPEN







/ɑ/


UNSTRESSED VOWELS (REDUCED VOWELS)

/ɪ/

/ə/

/l/

/m/

/n/



AMERICAN DIPH-THONGS




CLOSING

/ɪ/ /ʊ/

RETROFLEX

/r/

STARTING CLOSE







/ɪr/ /ʊr/

STARTING MID

/eɪ/ /ɔɪ/

/oʊ/

/ɛr/ /ɔr/

STARTING OPEN

/aɪ/

/aʊ/

/ɑr/

MANNER OF ARTICULATION


STOP

p

b

t

d

k

g










AFFRICATE


























FRICATIVE

f

v

θ

ð

s

z

ʃ

ʒ

h

NASAL

m

n

ŋ



















APPROXIMANT

(CENTRAL)



w

r

j



















APPROXIMANT

(LATERAL)



l

























PLACE OF ARTICULATION


BILABIAL

p

b

m

w







LABIO-DENTAL

f

v













LABIO-VELAR

w (ʍ)
















DENTAL

θ

ð













ALVEOLAR

t

d

s

z

n

l

POST-ALVEOLAR





ʃ

ʒ

r




PALATAL

j
















VELAR

k

g

ŋ










GLOTTAL

h
















THE DESCRIPTION OF ENGLISH CONSONANTS



STOPS

p

b

t

d

k

g










FRICATIVES

f

v

θ

ð

s

z

ʃ

ʒ

h

AFFRICATES


























APPROXIMANTS

l

r

w

y


















THE SOUNDS OF STANDARD AMERICAN ENGLISH


FRONT

i

e

ɪ

ɛ

æ

a

CENTRAL

ʌ

ə

ɚ

ɝ







BACK

u

o

ʊ

ɔ

ɑ




FRONT VOWELS


/i/

high

close

tense

unrounded

stressed

/ɪ/

high

open

lax

unrounded

stressed

/e/

mid

close

tense

unrounded

stressed

/ɛ/

mid

open

lax

unrounded

stressed

/æ/

low

open

lax

unrounded

stressed

/a/

low

close

tense

unrounded

stressed


CENTRAL VOWELS


/ɚ/

mid

close

lax

rounded

unstressed

/ɜ/

mid

open

tense

rounded

stressed

/ʌ/

mid

close

tense

unrounded

stressed

/ə/

mid

open

lax

unrounded

unstressed


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