Regional center for northern africa, middle east and europe of the wmo sds-was
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- References
- Appendix A: AERONET stations used in the evaluation
- Appendix B: Map of AERONET stations
Preliminary conclusionsThe monthly bias is in the range 0.08-0.16 and the seasonal one in the range 0.10-0.14, without significant variations. It may be explained by the presence of particles other than dust. The fact that the bias is higher in the Mediterranean than in the Sahara-Sahel is consistent with it. The monthly rmse is in the range 0.23-0.40 and the monthly one in the range 0.26-0.36. this values are affected by the existence of a mean bias. Values are higher in the Sahara-Sahel region, where the AOD values are also higher. If the first value is not considered, the monthly correlation coefficients range from 0.29 and 0.67 and the monthly ones from 0.30 and 0.64. There is a certain improvement with time, probably linked to an increasing number of contributing models and to an increasing performance of individual models. There is certain seasonality, with higher values in winter and spring. The coefficients are notably higher in the Sahara-Sahel than in the Mediterranean. The monthly FGE ranges from 0.41 and 1.05 and the seasonal one from 0.46 and 0.94, with a very clear seasonal behaviour that presents much lower values in summer, when the AOD is higher. The FGE is lower in the Sahara-Sahel, where the AOD presents higher values. ReferencesAlfaro, S. C., and Gomes, L. (2001): Modeling mineral aerosol production by wind erosion: Emission intensities and aerosol size distributions in source areas, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 18075-18018, 18084. Dubovik, O. and M. D. King (2000): A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from Sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20 673-20 696. Ginoux, P., Chin, M., Tegen, I., Prospero, J. M., Holben, B., Dubovik, O., and Lin, S.J. (2001): Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART model, Geophys. Res., 106, 20255-20274 10.1029/2000JD000053. Holben, B.N., T.F. Eck, I. Slutsker, D. Tanré, J.P. Buis, A. Setzer, E. Vermote, J.A. Reagan, Y. Kaufman, T. Nakajima, F. Lavenu, I. Jankowiak, and A. Smirnov (1998): AERONET - A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Rem. Sens. Environ., 66, 1-16. Janjic, Z. I. (1994): The step-mountain eta coordinate model: further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 927-945. Marticorena, B., and Bergametti, G. (1995): Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 1. Design of a soil-derived dust emission scheme, Geophys. Res., 100, 6415-16430. Morcrette, J.J., Beljaars, A., Benedetti, A., Jones, L., and Boucher O. (2008): Sea-salt and dust aerosols in the ECMWF IFS. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L24813, doi:10.1029/2008GL036041. Morcrette, J.-J., Boucher, O., Jones, L., Salmond, D., Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A., Benedetti, A., Bonet, A., Kaiser, J.W., Razinger, M., Schulz, M., Serrar, S., Simmons, A.J., Sofiev, M., Suttie, M., Tompkins, A.M., Untch, A., and the GEMS-AER team: (2009): Aerosol analysis and forecast in the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System. Part I: Forward modelling, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D06206, doi:10.1029/2008JD011235. Perez, C., S. Nickovic, J. M. Baldasano, M. Sicard, F. Rocadenbosch, and V. E. Cachorro (2006) A long Saharan dust event over the western Mediterranean: Lidar, Sunphotometer observations, and regional dust modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D15214 doi:10.1029/2005JD006579. Shao, Y., Raupach, M. R., and Findlater, P. A. (1993): Effect of saltation bombardment on the entrainment of dust by wind, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 12719, doi:10.1029/93JD00396. Woodward, S. (2001) Modeling the atmospheric life cycle and radiative impact of mineral dust in the Hadley Centre climate model, J. Geophys. Res., 106, D16, doi: 10.1029/2000JD900795. Woodward, S. (2011) Mineral dust in HadGEM2, Tech. Note 87, Hadley Cent., Met Office, Exeter, UK. Zakey, A. S., F. Solmon, and F. Giorgi, (2006): Implementation and testing of a desert dust module in a regional climate model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4687-4704. Appendix A: AERONET stations used in the evaluation
Table 9. List of AERONET stations Appendix B: Map of AERONET stations |
