Republic of Kenya Integrated Pest Management Framework (ipmf) For Kenya Agricultural Productivity and Agribusiness Project (kapap) and Kenya Adaptation to Climate Change in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (kaccal) February 2009
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONSSAL Arid and Semi-Arid Lands ATIRI Agricultural Technology and Information Response Initiative AGOA African Growth Opportunity Act BMP Best Management Practices BP Bank Procedure CAC Catchment Area Coordinator CAP Community Action Plan CAS Country Assistance Strategy CCC Climate Change Coordinator CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CBO Community Based Organization CBPP Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia CIG Common Interest Group CWG Community Working Group CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CMS Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals KS KAPAP Secretariat DDO District Development Officer DEO District Environment Officer DEC District Environment Committee DRSRS Department of Resource Survey and Remote Sensing DSC District Steering Committee DSDO District Social Development Officer RSU Regional Service Unit EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMCA Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act ERS Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation EMP Environmental Management Plan ESA Environmental and Social Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework FFS Farmer Field Schools GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GHGs Greenhouse Gases GMP Good Management Practices GMT Good Management Technologies GOK Government of Kenya IBA Important Bird Area ICC Inter-Ministerial Coordinating Committee ICM Integrated Crop Management ICRAF International Centre for Research on Agroforestry (currently World Agroforestry Centre, WAC IDA International Development Association ISC Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee IMCE Inter-Ministerial Committee on Environment IPs Indigenous Peoples IPO Indigenous Peoples Organization IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan IPM Integrated Pest Management IPMF Integrated Pest Management Framework KACCAL Kenya Adaptation to Climate Change in Arid and Semi-arid Lands KAPAP Kenya Agricultural Productivity and Agri business Project KAPSLMP Kenya Agricultural Productivity and Sustainable Land Management Project KARI Kenya Agricultural Research Institute
KWS Kenya Wildlife Service M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MG & SS Ministry of Gender and Social Services MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoH Ministry of Health NALEP National Agricultural and Livestock Extension Project NARS National Agricultural Research Systems NASEP National Agricultural Sector Extension Policy
NGO Non Governmental Organization OAC Operation Area Coordinator PEO Provincial Environment Officer PMP Pest Management Plan PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal RAP Resettlement Action Plan SC Steering Committee SLM Sustainable Land Management SRA Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture TOR Terms of Reference TN Total Nitrogen TP Total Phosphorus UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNDP United Nations Development Programme VFF Village Farmers Forum VMG Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups WHO World Health Organization BackgroundDespite steady growth in the immediate post-independence period, Kenya’s economy has performed considerably below its potential in recent years. For the past two decades productivity has declined, competitiveness eroded and international financial support diminished. Poverty and food insecurity have increased. Average GDP growth declined from about 7% in the 1970s to 3.5% in 1980s to about 2% during 1990s. Underlying factors include persistent and pervasive governance problems, poorly implemented reforms, and low, ill targeted investments in social services, infrastructure and economic services including agricultural sector. In addition, external factors such as declining global agricultural commodity prices and vulnerability to climatic shocks explains partly, the decline. Domestic policy shortcomings created distortions in input and output markets. Inadequacies in the legal and regulatory framework raised costs of business. Poor infrastructure increased costs of marketing. High incidence of HIV/AIDS contributed to reduced labour productivity. Dysfunctional public support services slowed the renewal of agricultural technology. The end result has been increased rural poverty and food insecurity, decline in competitiveness, and virtual cessation of both private and public investment in the agricultural sector. The agriculture sector is the main contributor to the Kenyan economy, with a share of 24% of GDP. Besides the GDP, the sector is a major contributor to poverty alleviation and employment creation in the rural Kenya and also provides major raw materials for the agro-industries. Kenya Agricultural Productivity and Agribusiness Project (KAPAP and Kenya Adaptation to Climate Change in Arid and Semi-arid Lands (KACCAL) will contribute to the revitalization of the agricultural sector through: (i) facilitating empowerment of farmers to access and apply profitable and sustainable technologies; (ii) laying the groundwork for a pluralistic agricultural extension and learning systems; (iii) integrating and rationalizing the national agricultural research systems; (vi) improving the vegetative cover within the cultivated areas, (v) promotion of sustainable land management practices and technologies, (vi) help the ability of the participating farmers and communities plan and implement climate change adaptation measures and (vii) supporting analytical work to inform policy and institutional reforms. The two projects cover a wide range of major issues of strategic significance to the economy, climate change, and food insecurity. It includes crop and livestock enterprises, smart agriculture, potential irrigable land, intensity of agribusiness, marketing systems and outlets. The two projects: KAPAP and KACCAL strategically target 69 Districts for implementation of its activities. This will provide opportunities to respond to the challenges of sustainable development, smart agriculture, food insecurity and economic development, which are key to improving the livelihoods of projects’ beneficiaries and others. The demand driven capacity building approach adopted by the two projects will help to identify and equip communities with appropriate technologies, knowledge and skills hence, improving appreciation and ability to protect environment. These projects correspond with the fundamental features of the Government’s strategy for poverty alleviation as specified in the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) of 2003, the Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation (ERS, 2003- 2007), and the Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA 2004-2014). The previous phase of KAPAP project (KAPP I) was designed to fund agricultural policy processes and activities including small-scale, community-based sub-projects that were identified and planned by the communities, with the support of project-financed extension teams. This Integrated Pest Management Framework (IPMF) document will be used during the execution of KAPAP and KACCAL activities. The IPMP document emphasises that the agricultural producers and other natural resource users should increasingly adopt profitable and environmentally- sound pest management practices. 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