Resolved: on balance, police are more responsible than protesters for recent civil unrest in the United States
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Aff Case 8Resolved: On balance, police are more responsible than protestors for recent civil unrest in the United States. Responsibility: as being Liable to be called to account as the primary cause, motive, or agent. As stated by Sternheimer in 2012 Civil Unrest: Simply put, civil unrest involves a disruption of the typical social order that can either be peaceful or involve violence. By Civil disobedience and law dictionary. And finally; Recent: as any event in the past year. Our Framework is: Since the resolution states on balance if the negation side can prove there is more blame to be put on only the protesters rather than the police within the civil unrest then they win this round.
2. The police are directly responsible for the civil unrest due to the acts that they performed
Contention 1: Racial bias has created civil unrest Time Magazine reported on March 3, 2015 that a US Justice Department into the Ferguson police Department found "In 88 percent of the cases in which the department used force, it was against African Americans. In the canine-bite all of the 14 canine-bite incidents, the person bitten was African American. Table 1 includes the descriptive statistics for the dependent and explanatory variables of the sample of police suspicions.In a study by Cambridge university and department of sociology in Miami they conducted a survey which conclude the results of police racist police dicisions when making civilian stops. Thirty-four percent (N=59) of the observations involved a nonbehavioral suspicion and outside viewers believed them to be of racial bias. Fifty-nine percent (N=103) of the suspicions recorded involved stopping the suspect. Fifty-six percent of officers that believed in these “suspicious activity” were white officers. Approximately 29 percent of the officers earned at least an Associate’s degree. On average, police officers have 4.2 years of experience on the force. In approximately 41 percent of the cases, the officers indicated that the area was “troubled.” Of all suspects, 71 percent were black and of those black/ African American citizens; 70 percent were driving a car. In 47 percent (N=82) of suspicions, the suspect committed a traffic offense and 57 percent were formed in predominately black neighborhoods. Recent studies by police departments and researchers confirm that police stop persons of racial and ethnic minority groups more often than whites relative to their proportions in the population. However, it has been argued that stop rates more accurately reflect rates of crimes committed by each ethnic group, or that stop rates reflect elevated rates in specific social areas, such as neighborhoods or precincts. Most of the research on stop rates and police–citizen interactions has focused on traffic stops, and analyses of pedestrian stops are rare. In this article we analyze data from 125,000 pedestrian stops by the New York Police Department over a 15-month period. We disaggregate stops by police and compare stop rates by racial and ethnic group, controlling for previous race-specific arrest rates. We use hierarchical multilevel models to adjust for precinct-level variability, thus directly addressing the question of geographic heterogeneity that arises in the analysis of pedestrian stops. We find that persons of African and Hispanic descent were stopped more frequently than whites, even after controlling for precinct variability and race-specific estimates of crime participation. Contention 2: The police are directly responsible for the civil unrest due to the acts that they performed Subpoint a) the police are directly responsible for the spark or beginning of these protests in numerous cases Who is causing these recent major events of civil unrest? What are the protesters protesting? Police. Police cause these protests, and even if our opponent can prove that protesters worsen and lengthen civil unrest more than police, they wouldn’t have had any unrest to lengthen or worsen without the actions of the police. Keeping in mind our definition of “responsible”, the police are obviously the primary cause of civil unrest, and therefore the party most responsible for it. In the case of the Freddie Gray murder, the state court of Maryland, six police officers were found guilty of taking a part in these horrid acts. The significance is that the police are the cause of the civil unrest by beginning these actions, such as the violation of department procedure, and the murders of Michael Brown, Eric garner, and Freddy gray Subpoint b) the police are responsible for continued exacerbation of civil unrest According to Ryan J Reilly 2015, having St. Louis County police snipers perch on top of tactical vehicles and point their weapons at crowds of peaceful protesters in broad daylight was "inappropriate" and "served only to increase tensions between the protesters and the police In Ferguson, the police fired tear gas into hundreds of protesters, including children, and then began to fire rubber bullets into the crowd. This is important because the police are not taking actions that would de-escalate these situations of civil unrest. police action in these cases is propagating violence and increasing civil unrest. Another instance of the police propagating civil unrest is the case of what happened during the Eric Garner Riots where police stopped doing their civic duty of policing. This prevented the city from getting the income it usually relies on. In fact, the police abandoning their duty got so bad as to cut down traffic tickets given during the course of the protest by 92% according to the New York Daily and In addition, they also cut down arrests by 56%. The police were disrupting the normal function of the justice system in this case and to that end, causing civil unrest. Contention 3: Police are not held accountable for the abuses Police are rarely charged criminally for on-duty shootings, but law-enforcement officials and critics differ on whether this should be the case. New research by a Bowling Green State University criminologist shows that 41 officers in the U.S. were charged with either murder or manslaughter in connection with on-duty shootings over a seven-year period ending in 2011. Over that same period, the Federal Bureau of Investigation reported 2,718 justified homicides by law enforcement, an incomplete count, according to experts. A study by criminal justice at Bowling Green covers more than 6,700 cases of police officers arrested for any crime across all states. This shows that while the police are committing very serious crimes while on duty they are very rarely held accountable for their actions. “It’s very rare that an officer gets charged with a homicide offense resulting from their on-duty conduct even though people are killed on a fairly regular basis,” said Philip Stinson, an assistant professor of criminal justice at Bowling Green who received a federal grant to study arrests of police officers. Prosecuting attorneys often work closely with law enforcement and need their help on future cases. The attorneys need votes from current law enforcement personnel to get reelected so even if it isn’t true sometimes the attorneys will bring in information to help them win the case showing an injustice in the system which just goes on not only to prove my third contention but also my first. An example of this is in the Michael Brown case, the prosecutor brought favorable evidence for the police officer (which he didn’t need do). Often times, police are allowed by law to engage in abuses without public and legal recourse. The state of Missouri allows police officer to shoot if they feel threatened so the evidence brought in his case was unnecessary. And for these reasons my partner and I urge for a strong pro ballot. Cards used: 1. Reilly, Ryan. "Intimidating, Unconstitutional Police Tactics In Ferguson Incited More Unrest, Says DOJ Expert Report." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 30 June 2015. Web. 8 July 2015. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/30/ferguson-protests-police-response_n_7698548.html 2. Wisconsin Officer cleared in a shooting. Public reactions and Protests; Author: James Queally, Los Angeles legal graduate; “Wisconsin officer cleared in shooting”; June 4th, 2015; Los Angeles Times, Home Edition; http://calopinion.com/2015/06/james-queally-wisconsin-police-officer-wont-face-discipline-in-tony-robinson-shooting/ 3. More than 400 protesters arrested in the stance against the Ferguson case; Author, N.A; “More than 400 arrested as Ferguson protests spread”; November 27th, 2014; http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2014-11/27/content_18984998.htm 4. The protests in Ferguson over racism and the militarization of police forces; Author: Matt Gurney, National Post Journalist; “The many phases of Ferguson; Public outrage about racism in America must not distract us from the other key issue here - the militarization of police forces”; November 26th, 2014, The Financial/ National Post paired with the United States from the station in Canada; http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/matt-gurney-the-many-stages-of-ferguson 5. The Results of Police suspicion and discretionary decision making during citizen stops; Author: Alpert, MacDonald, and Dunham (Geoffrey: Department of criminology and criminal justice from the department of south Caroline. John: RAND Corporation. Roger: Department of sociology in the university of Miami), “Police suspicion and discretionary decision making during citizen stops, 05/16/2005 published- and edited again December of 2015; Cambridge University Press and later republished after being edited by Waveland Press; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0011-1348.2005.00012.x/epdf 6. Wihbey and Kille, 2015 (John and Leighton Walter, reporters certified by Journalist’s Resource, “Excessive or reasonable force by police? Research on law enforcement and racial conflict”, Journalist’s Resource, 1 July)
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