I. Commands: Câu mệnh lệnh

→ I told Lan to give that book to him the following day.

→ The teacher asked Nam not to put his leg on the chair.

S + asked / told + O + to inf ...

→ The stranger told / asked the boy to show him / her the way to the market.

told + O

→ Miss Hoa told Lien (that) she should improve her English pronunciation.

→ Minh said he had done his homework the day before.

→ I told Lan (that) Linh was repairing her bike then.

I asked her what she was doing then.

wanted to know

→ Miss Hoa asked Nam if he liked classical music.

a. Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai

→ She tells me she likes classical music.

b. Nếu câu trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3

Ex: "If the weather were fine, we could go camping", Peter said.

→ Peter said if the weather were fine, they could go camping.

c. Nếu trong câu trực tiếp có các trợ động từ: should, would, could, ought to, might, used to, had better

Ex: "You should practice speaking English every day" the teacher said to Mai.

→ The teacher said that Mai should practice speaking English every day.

d. Thì quá khứ giả định (past subjunctive) vẫn giữ nguyên sau: (I) wish ..., would rather ..., It’s time...

Ex: She said “I wish I had a lot of books.”

→ She told me she wished she had a lot of books.

e. Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 sự thật hiển nhiên, 1 chân lí

Ex: She said " Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius."

→ She said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

Tĩm tắt	Câu gián tiếp (reported speech)
A/ Statements (Câu phát biểu)	1 * S + V1( said) + (that) + S2+ V2+( ADV of time/ place) 2 * S + V1( told )+ O + (that) + S2+ V2+( ADV of time/ place)
B/ Commands (Câu mệnh lệnh)	1* S+ V+ (not) + to infinitive (promise, (dis)agree, refuse, threaten, hope, expect, want, ask, wish, need, dare, offer, plan, fail, swear, try, pretend, manage, intend, choose, fear, demand, seem, tend…) 2* S + V + O + (not) + to infinitive (ask, tell, order, beg, allow, remind, encourage, advise, invite, warn, wish, want, command, force, suspect, forbid, need, permit,urge, recommend…) 3* S + V +(prep) + Ving (suggest, deny, detest, delay, postpone, fancy, imagine, keep, risk, avoid, appreciate, admit, miss, practise, dislike, enjoy, save, hate, love, mind, mention, prefer, object to, look forward to, apologize for, feel like, insist on, think of, dream of, worry about, confess to, approve of…) 4* S + V + O + prep + Ving (warn…against, blame…for, thank…for, accuse…of, congratulate … on, discourage…from, forgive…for, prevent…from, stop… from, suspect…of…)
C1/ Wh-questions	1 * S + asked + (O) + wh-… + clause (S+V) 2 * S + wondered + wh-… + clause (S+V) 3 * S + wanted to know + wh-… + clause (S+V)
C2/ Yes-no questions	1 * S + asked + (O) + if / whether + clause (S+V) 2 * S + wondered + if /whether + clause (S+V) 3 * S + wanted to know + if / whether + clause (S+V)